119 lines
11 KiB
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119 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="9C9CDF5AA0B66DD8D2FB70A5236F46C8" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FC8EFF71B2AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus solitarius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="467" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="467" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9AC2A632C118B1D98DBF56FD42E19205">
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<mods:title id="959F3025BFAFDC09D807ED1353E7C83B">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A48756EF401D18E21BEB28E66745410">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D75711017926778EBE8E079FB4F93859">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9931E05C6BD05E076DEBC9D4AC4CC016">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B8387B8AA03BFE4CF2DAE2970CF79CA1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A0230AC7CB794895A7609EAE4FA1E731">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="163EF9D2D9A9C435651F59FCF0E40A25">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="50390E4D243708472757279CBD5C507B">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="218959E46EE501BFE7B4FD4C0D1F3726">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="349699223E5236F79A112CA594CDCD0E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DB5105EBA14EEFC4855BABC615B3764A">4521</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="24CECFBC67AAEE565769A1070ED65B06">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C1583969029F7080BB46315F981C7E76" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FC8EFF71B2AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FC8EFF71B2AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FC8EFF71B2AA" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF61FC8EFD3FB4B3" box="[151,645,870,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF61FC8EFD3FB4B3" blockId="16.[151,645,870,896]" box="[151,645,870,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF4FF96FF61FC8EFD3FB4B3" bold="true" box="[151,645,870,896]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FF61FC8EFD3FB4B3" authority="(Fonscolombe, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[151,645,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitarius">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FC8EFD3FB4B3" bold="true" box="[151,645,870,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FC8EFEC7B4B3" bold="true" box="[151,381,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Andricus solitarius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF4FF96FE7AFC8EFDC7B4B3" author="Fonscolombe van Boyer, E. L. J. H." box="[396,637,870,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="273 - 307" refId="ref33626" refString="Fonscolombe van Boyer, E. L. J. H. (1832) Monographia Chalciditum Galloprovinciae circa Aquas Sextias degentum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 1, 273 - 307." type="journal article" year="1832">Fonscolombe, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF61FC45FD37B3AD" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF61FC45FBD3B4F6" blockId="16.[151,1437,941,1433]" box="[151,1129,941,966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FC45FE9CB4F5" bold="true" box="[151,294,941,966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FEDBFC45FED5B4F5" box="[301,367,941,966]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FE8CFC46FDBEB4F6" box="[378,516,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FE8CFC46FDBAB4F6" box="[378,512,941,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">Q. boissieri</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Elsewhere: Several oak species from section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FBF2FC46FBD8B4F6" box="[1028,1122,942,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FBF2FC46FBD8B4F6" box="[1028,1122,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31FC39FD37B3AD" blockId="16.[151,1437,941,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31FC39FEEDB4D9" bold="true" box="[199,343,977,1002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Life history.</emphasis>
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Both the sexual and asexual generations are known, but in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FC1BFC39FB91B4D9" box="[1005,1067,977,1002]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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only old bud galls of the asexual generation were found and no adults were reared. These galls are conical, single-chambered swellings at the tips of branches, widest basally, with very long and pointed, sometimes curved apex, brown and woody when mature. The sexual generation is known from Europe to induce single-chambered catkin galls, which develop from the flower buds on a stunted inflorescence petiole (Docters van
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF4FF96FD1EFB8AFC28B349" author="Docters van Leeuwen, W. M." box="[744,914,1122,1146]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="232 - 234" refId="ref33380" refString="Docters van Leeuwen, W. M. (1934) Die Sexuelle Generation von Andricus solitarius Fonsc. Tijdschriftvon voor Entomologie, 77, 232 - 234." type="journal article" year="1934">Leeuwen 1934</bibRefCitation>
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). The base of the gall is surrounded by stunted anthers, filaments and a small circle of hairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF31FB41FEAEB21D" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31FB41FEAEB21D" blockId="16.[151,1437,941,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31FB41FEF3B3F1" bold="true" box="[199,329,1193,1218]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Old galls of the asexual generation were found in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FC68FB41FC66B3F1" box="[926,988,1193,1218]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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in July. In Europe, galls of the sexual generation develop before the catkin elongates, mature in May, and adults emerge from them soon afterwards. Galls of the asexual generation become visible in June, mature at the end of summer, and adults emerge from them in October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF31FAD1FF71B2AA" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31FAD1FF71B2AA" blockId="16.[151,1437,941,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31FAD1FEDAB261" bold="true" box="[199,352,1337,1362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FE9AFAD1FE14B261" box="[364,430,1337,1362]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Very rare, observed only twice on Mt. Hermon at
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF4FF96FBEFFAD1FBC0B261" box="[1049,1146,1337,1362]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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.a.s.l. and on Mt. Meron. Elsewhere: A widespread but usually uncommon species all over Europe, northwest Africa, Transcaucasia and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FF61FA6AFF72B2AA" box="[151,200,1410,1433]" name="Iran" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |