142 lines
14 KiB
XML
142 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="659028B79E271496CC8A6B866C150968" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF3FF91FF61FCF6FEF7B245" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cynips quercus Fourcroy 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="474" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="474" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7E02D8F276E4C288E95D4825934F4A46">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC27099B0FB869A6364BB273B952DDE4">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5A516D003E6B42103C89FC74319F538">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D80984BB56E452BCF72C4597F8B01A60">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C8D6358EA9B14700403DC413293AC53">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="377894935841D5A24613ED73073E43FE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2BFF95191E6632DF64956DCE2E44406E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="79DEBB354E1A86F9ABDBD25C15523059">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BFAD0E897304BFC29F722DB7B7E9350A">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="74B3F264444DDC3270402A483DBC9168">4521</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF3FF91FF61FCF6FEF7B245" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949949" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF3FF91FF61FCF6FEF7B245" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF3FF91FF61FCF6FEF7B245" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF3FF91FF61FCF6FDAEB40B" box="[151,532,798,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF3FF91FF61FCF6FDAEB40B" blockId="23.[151,532,798,824]" box="[151,532,798,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF3FF91FF61FCF6FDAEB40B" bold="true" box="[151,532,798,824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF3FF91FF61FCF6FDAEB40B" authority="Fourcroy, 1758" authorityName="Fourcroy" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,532,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FF61FCF6FDAEB40B" bold="true" box="[151,532,798,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FF61FCF6FEEBB40B" bold="true" box="[151,337,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Cynips quercus</emphasis>
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Fourcroy, 1758
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF3FF91FF61FC8DFEF7B365" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF3FF91FF61FC8DFBD5B44E" blockId="23.[151,1436,869,1398]" box="[151,1135,869,894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FF61FC8DFE9CB44D" bold="true" box="[151,294,869,894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF3FF91FEDBFC8DFECAB44D" box="[301,368,869,894]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF3FF91FE8CFC8EFE46B44E" box="[378,508,869,893]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FE8CFC8EFE46B44E" box="[378,508,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhewe: several oak species from section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF3FF91FBFCFC8EFBD2B44E" box="[1034,1128,870,893]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FBFCFC8EFBD2B44E" box="[1034,1128,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF3FF91FF31FC61FEF7B365" blockId="23.[151,1436,869,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FF31FC61FEE3B491" bold="true" box="[199,345,905,930]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Life history.</emphasis>
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Known in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF3FF91FE2DFC61FDA3B491" box="[475,537,905,930]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Israel</collectingCountry>
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only from the leaf galls of the asexual generation, which are spherical, singlechambered galls,
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF3FF91FEABFC45FE6DB4F6" box="[349,471,941,966]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, resembling small grapes (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF3FF91FC78FC45FC5EB4F5" box="[910,996,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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). The galls are fleshy, firm, light green with white dots when young, yellowish with white dots when mature. The larval chamber is located in the center of the gall, surrounded by a thin wall. The sexual generation is known from Europe to develop in single-chambered galls in dormant lenticel buds, often on the trunk or on larger branches, and rarely on shoots of the previous year (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF3FF91FF68FBD5FEF8B365" author="Melika, G." box="[158,322,1085,1110]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" pagination="305 - 644" refId="ref34662" refString="Melika, G. (2006 b) Gall wasps of Ukraine: Cynipidae. Vol. 2. Festnik Zoologii, 21 (Supplement), 305 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF3FF91FF31FB89FBAAB3F1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF3FF91FF31FB89FBAAB3F1" blockId="23.[151,1436,869,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FF31FB89FEF3B349" bold="true" box="[199,329,1121,1146]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls of the asexual generation appear in July and drop to the ground in November-December while still attached to the leaves. Adults emerge from them in January-February. Galls of the sexual generation appear in Europe in May and adults emerge from them in June (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF3FF91FC94FB41FBBEB3F1" author="Melika, G." box="[866,1028,1193,1218]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" pagination="305 - 644" refId="ref34662" refString="Melika, G. (2006 b) Gall wasps of Ukraine: Cynipidae. Vol. 2. Festnik Zoologii, 21 (Supplement), 305 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF3FF91FF31FB25FA98B21D" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF3FF91FF31FB25FA98B21D" blockId="23.[151,1436,869,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FF31FB25FEDAB3D5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1229,1254]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF3FF91FE9FFB25FE11B3D5" box="[361,427,1229,1254]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Mt. Hermon at
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<date id="50081028FFF3FF91FD9AFB25FCADB3D5" box="[620,791,1229,1254]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" value="1500" valueMax="1780">
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1500 and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF3FF91FD29FB26FCADB3D5" box="[735,791,1230,1254]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780</quantity>
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</date>
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m.a.s.l., Odem Forest, En Zivan, Allone HaBashan, Tel Hazeqa, Mt. Meron, Mt. Addir. Elsewhere: A common species throughout Europe and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF3FF91FB86FB19FB48B239" box="[1136,1266,1265,1290]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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, to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF3FF91FAEAFB19FAD6B239" box="[1308,1388,1265,1290]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF3FF91FF61FAFDFF46B21D" box="[151,252,1301,1326]" name="Lebanon" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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, but restricted only to the extreme northeast of the Iberian Peninsula and absent from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF3FF91FB4DFAFDFAA4B21D" box="[1211,1310,1301,1326]" name="Portugal" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF3FF91FF31FAD1FEF7B245" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF3FF91FF31FAD1FEF7B245" blockId="23.[151,1436,869,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FF31FAD1FEF5B261" bold="true" box="[199,335,1337,1362]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Comments.</emphasis>
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Galls of the asexual generation are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF3FF91FC22FAD2FA98B261" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[980,1314,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusfolli">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF3FF91FC22FAD2FB0AB262" box="[980,1200,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Cynips quercusfolli</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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in Europe (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF3FF91FF68FAB5FEF8B245" author="Melika, G." box="[158,322,1373,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" pagination="305 - 644" refId="ref34662" refString="Melika, G. (2006 b) Gall wasps of Ukraine: Cynipidae. Vol. 2. Festnik Zoologii, 21 (Supplement), 305 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |