147 lines
15 KiB
XML
147 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="5A1BFA97648C18E1BE6BE9AA77271647" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF0FF92FF61FB25FADEB18B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="471" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="471" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="009C3EA5BBC21D0D80E2BF52A40D9B30" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A87800677A1787022F4DB0C7AE78647E">
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<mods:title id="99A97417EF8698F53048289EBFE76953">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BA541B9CCB413C31D9A98D39F6F56166" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="22B638E8F89A6430C6394E2DFCBF5024">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7DDF5ACF13FA1537EFFBFDE754C7ECC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="843566A46289B8DED9A76F4AEEA3D4E0">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34303E2A2827E2BAE15D1150720F67AA">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D8F97ECB0E1A66CABC60D8D6F5B46739" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D81644FCDC30CDDD93E47A9B529E0D9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4E411709440EE78B66F827BAAAB75D6C">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="ADA0997511BD4BAC2C50CC7D91F2511C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AF38E2E3AD543E5CF32B2BA1D1DFA82A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9B6C22AB8247168FF4C4AC104C19B9FF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2DCC09CF394907ACE70E1C4739B12053">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1D6B6738CA77443F77A2C4115631FFA6">4521</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="04273498208158B368ABEF55EB04B851" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF0FF92FF61FB25FADEB18B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949929" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF0FF92FF61FB25FADEB18B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF0FF92FF61FB25FADEB18B" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF0FF92FF61FB25FD70B3D4" box="[151,714,1229,1255]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF0FF92FF61FB25FD70B3D4" blockId="20.[151,714,1229,1255]" box="[151,714,1229,1255]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF0FF92FF61FB25FD70B3D4" bold="true" box="[151,714,1229,1255]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF0FF92FF61FB25FD70B3D4" authority="(Melika, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Melika" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[151,714,1229,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cerroneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyulaigaraiae">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FF61FB25FD70B3D4" bold="true" box="[151,714,1229,1255]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FF61FB25FDB4B3D4" bold="true" box="[151,526,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae</emphasis>
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(Melika, 2006)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF0FF92FF61FAFCFF43B28E" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF0FF92FF61FAFCFB24B21F" blockId="20.[151,1437,1300,1720]" box="[151,1182,1300,1325]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FF61FAFCFE9CB21E" bold="true" box="[151,294,1300,1325]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF0FF92FEDBFAFCFECAB21E" box="[301,368,1300,1325]" name="Israel" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FE8CFAFCFD97B21F" box="[378,557,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF0FF92FE8CFAFCFD93B21F" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[378,553,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">Q. ithaburensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Elsewhere (
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF0FF92FD41FAFCFD4EB21E" box="[695,756,1300,1325]" name="Syria" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Syria</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF0FF92FCDCFAFCFCE6B21F" box="[810,860,1300,1324]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Iran</collectingCountry>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF0FF92FC99FAFCFBA0B21F" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[879,1050,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FC99FAFCFBA0B21F" box="[879,1050,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF0FF92FBDFFAFCFB2DB21F" authorityName="Lindl" authorityYear="1840" box="[1065,1175,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brantii">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FBDFFAFCFB2DB21F" box="[1065,1175,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Q. brantii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF0FF92FF31FADFFF43B28E" blockId="20.[151,1437,1300,1720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FF31FADFFEE2B263" bold="true" box="[199,344,1335,1360]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Life history.</emphasis>
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Known only from the leaf galls of the asexual generation, which are circular, flat, rigid structures, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF0FF92FF20FAB4FEACB247" box="[214,278,1372,1396]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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thick and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF0FF92FE7CFAB4FE70B247" box="[394,458,1372,1397]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, white at center, orange along undulating rims, and covered by sparse white hairs (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF0FF92FF2BFA97FE8BB2AB" box="[221,305,1407,1432]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 59–64. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 60–61. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
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). They are usually found in clusters and then their rims can be slightly irregular as they are squeezed together.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF0FF92FF31FA2FFAA4B137" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF0FF92FF31FA2FFAA4B137" blockId="20.[151,1437,1300,1720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FF31FA2FFEF3B2D3" bold="true" box="[199,329,1479,1504]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls appear in August, drop to the ground in late October to November, and the pupae or adults overwinter in them on the ground. Adults emerge in January. Parasitism rates in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF0FF92FBEDFA04FBE3B136" box="[1051,1113,1516,1541]" name="Israel" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Israel</collectingCountry>
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can exceed 80%.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF0FF92FF31F9E7FEAFB17F" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF0FF92FF31F9E7FEAFB17F" blockId="20.[151,1437,1300,1720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FF31F9E7FEDAB11B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1551,1576]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF0FF92FE9AF9E7FE14B11B" box="[364,430,1551,1576]" name="Israel" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Mezar, Bet Keshet Forest, Hosha'aya, Alonim, Tiv’on, HaSharon Forest. Elsewhere:
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF0FF92FF61F9DCFF6FB17E" box="[151,213,1588,1613]" name="Syria" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Syria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF0FF92FF16F9DDFEABB17F" box="[224,273,1589,1612]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF0FF92FF31F9BFFADEB18B" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF0FF92FF31F9BFFADEB18B" blockId="20.[151,1437,1300,1720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FF31F9BFFEF5B143" bold="true" box="[199,335,1623,1648]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Comments.</emphasis>
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The galls of this species are superficially similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF0FF92FBF2F9B0FAF7B143" box="[1028,1357,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cerroneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanuginosus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FBF2F9B0FAF7B143" box="[1028,1357,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the same host plant (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF0FF92FEADF994FE64B1A6" box="[347,478,1660,1685]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 59–64. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 60–61. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Figs 60–61</figureCitation>
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) but differ from them in being orange with a white center rather than white with a black center, and in being less hairy.
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF0FF92FDC2F977FCBAB18B" author="Sternlicht, M." box="[564,768,1695,1720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="17 - 57" refId="ref36265" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1968 b) The oak galls of Israel (Quercus calliprinos Webb, and Quercus ithaburensis Decne.). Israel Journal of Entomology, 3, 17 - 57." type="journal article" year="1968">Sternlicht (1968b)</bibRefCitation>
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referred to this species as
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF0FF92FBDFF949FB1CB18B" box="[1065,1190,1697,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF0FF92FBDFF949FB1CB18B" box="[1065,1190,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Neuroterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (his
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF0FF92FAF2F977FAE2B18B" box="[1284,1368,1695,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |