226 lines
27 KiB
XML
226 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="5CA7F24BA4166021269ABBF5343C9309" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFEEFF8DFF61F901FBD2B496" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus coriarius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="462" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="461" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E838E04C0A22C4E8C76F99F80CC348FA">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1DF64D42AFA1BA249A227FFFE467735B">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD811636875F1434C71255D7743517B6">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96FD23FAAF34F2651F268DA983C150A4">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="30CCAE24674E2700E0F3D928FCF6CE27" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="449C2402D66573109B0402C85DD6B05F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1AF90DCF3AFEC765205C0EC529BE2B5E">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3423B850C12226ED560D22D337DBF5F3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="675FB505049C82B10753A961619AB64F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BB194B5789747663D816F53366E67D25">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2159599E00E95B0F6DCE935A7617C0A7">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CB6A668543AF19F262884306EF7806F1">4521</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFEEFF8DFF61F901FBD2B496" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498968" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFEEFF8DFF61F901FBD2B496" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFEEFF8DFF61F901FBD2B496" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEEFF8CFF61F901FD8BB030" box="[151,561,1769,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEEFF8CFF61F901FD8BB030" blockId="10.[151,561,1769,1795]" box="[151,561,1769,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
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<heading id="7F418184FFEEFF8CFF61F901FD8BB030" bold="true" box="[151,561,1769,1795]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEEFF8CFF61F901FD8BB030" authority="(Hartig, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[151,561,1769,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriarius">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFF61F901FD8BB030" bold="true" box="[151,561,1769,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFF61F901FEC0B030" bold="true" box="[151,378,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Andricus coriarius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEEFF8CFE7FF901FD93B030" author="Hartig, T." box="[393,553,1769,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="395 - 422" refId="ref33881" refString="Hartig, T. (1843) Zweiter nachtrag zur naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 4, 395 - 422." type="journal article" year="1843">Hartig, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEEFF8DFF61F8C7FE76B656" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEEFF8CFF61F8C7FAD8B05E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1839,2009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFF61F8C7FE90B07B" bold="true" box="[151,298,1839,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEEFF8CFEC2F8C7FECDB07B" box="[308,375,1839,1864]" name="Israel" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEEFF8CFE73F8D8FD8EB07B" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[389,564,1840,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFE73F8D8FD8EB07B" box="[389,564,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEEFF8CFDB3F8D8FD16B07B" box="[581,684,1840,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFDB3F8D8FD16B07B" box="[581,684,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Q. libani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEEFF8CFD48F8D8FC9FB074" box="[702,805,1840,1863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFD48F8D8FC9FB074" box="[702,805,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Q. cerris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sexual generation),
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEEFF8CFBEAF8D8FB19B07B" box="[1052,1187,1840,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFBEAF8D8FB19B07B" box="[1052,1187,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(asexual generation). Elsewhere: numerous oak species from sections
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFD43F8BCFD47B058" box="[693,765,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Cerris</emphasis>
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(sexual generation) and
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEEFF8CFBE4F8BCFBCAB058" box="[1042,1136,1876,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFBE4F8BCFBCAB058" box="[1042,1136,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(asexual generation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEEFF8DFF31F89FFE76B656" blockId="10.[151,1437,1839,2009]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,933]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFF31F89FFEE1B0A3" bold="true" box="[199,347,1911,1936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Life history.</emphasis>
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Both the sexual and asexual generations were previously recorded (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEEFF8CFB8DF890FAF0B0A3" author="Stone, G. N. & Atkinson, R. J. & Rokas, A. & Nieves Aldrey, J. L. & Melika, G. & Acs, Z. & Csoka, G. & Hayward, A. & Bailey, R. & Buckee, C. & McVean, G. A. T." box="[1147,1354,1912,1936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="652 - 665" refId="ref36370" refString="Stone, G. N., Atkinson, R. J., Rokas, A., Nieves Aldrey, J. L., Melika, G., Acs, Z., Csoka, G., Hayward, A., Bailey, R., Buckee, C. & McVean, G. A. T. (2008) Evidence for widespread cryptic sexual generations in apparently purely asexual Andricus gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 17, 652 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2007.03573. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Stone
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFB31F891FB46B0A3" box="[1223,1276,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">et al</emphasis>
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. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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), but a detailed description of the sexual-generation galls was not given and is provided here for the first time. Galls of the sexual generation develop on oaks from section
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEEFF8CFD4EF828FD45B0E4" box="[696,767,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Cerris</emphasis>
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. They usually form a cluster of 15 or more conical, single- chambered, 2.0–
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEFFF8DFEA5FF7FFE10B79C" box="[339,426,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEFFF8DFDE8FF7FFDCCB79C" box="[542,630,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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wide units that are tapered apically, smooth, greenish-brown and thinwalled (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEFFF8DFF07FF54FEFFB7E6" box="[241,325,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–52" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1677,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610041/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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). Galls of the asexual generation are found on oaks from section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFBE8FF54FBC6B7E0" box="[1054,1148,188,211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFBE8FF54FBC6B7E0" box="[1054,1148,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and are morphologically diverse. The typical galls are composed of several tapering, curved lobes up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEFFF8DFBC6FF08FB3BB7C4" box="[1072,1153,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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long, which form a big, irregular sphere and are multi-chambered (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEFFF8DFD8AFEECFD6AB62E" box="[636,720,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). Other galls in the population have shorter, thicker lobes (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEFFF8DFA99FEECFF0CB673" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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). Young galls are pale green with flexible spiny lobes, sometimes with soft brown hair at their center. Mature galls are brown and woody.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEFFF8DFF31FE87FD52B6C6" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEFFF8DFF31FE87FD52B6C6" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
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||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFF31FE87FEF3B6BB" bold="true" box="[199,329,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Adults of the sexual generation emerge in May in most locations in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEFFF8DFBBFFE87FB30B6BB" box="[1097,1162,367,392]" name="Israel" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, but at higher elevations and cooler habitats (e.g. Mt. Hermon) galls become apparent only in April and adults emerge in June. Galls of the asexual generation begin to develop in August and adults emerge from them in late December to January, after which galls may remain on the tree for several years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEFFF8DFF31FE17FC9EB553" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEFFF8DFF31FE17FC9EB553" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFF31FE17FEDAB52B" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEFFF8DFE9BFE17FE0AB52B" box="[365,432,511,536]" name="Israel" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Mt. Hermon,
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<date id="50081028FFEFFF8DFD93FE17FCA2B52B" box="[613,792,511,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" value="1500" valueMax="1780">
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1500 and
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</date>
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m.a.s.l., Mt. Kahal, En Zivan, Allone HaBashan, Tel Hazeqa. Elsewhere: common and widespread in Europe, from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEFFF8DFC97FDCCFC4CB50E" box="[865,1014,548,573]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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to the Iberian Peninsula and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEFFF8DFAB0FDCCFA22B50F" box="[1350,1432,548,572]" name="Greece" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Greece</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEFFF8DFF61FDA0FF45B56C" box="[151,255,584,607]" name="Morocco" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEFFF8DFEFCFDAFFEE1B553" box="[266,347,583,608]" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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, Transcaucasia and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEFFF8DFDCCFDA0FDDDB56C" box="[570,615,584,607]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEFFF8DFD80FDAFFCA2B553" author="Melika, G." box="[630,792,583,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" pagination="305 - 644" refId="ref34662" refString="Melika, G. (2006 b) Gall wasps of Ukraine: Cynipidae. Vol. 2. Festnik Zoologii, 21 (Supplement), 305 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEFFF8DFF31FD84FBD2B496" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEFFF8DFF31FD84FE18B40B" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFF31FD84FEF5B5B6" bold="true" box="[199,335,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Galls of the sexual generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEFFF8DFD3DFD84FC9BB5B6" box="[715,801,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–52" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1677,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610041/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
) are very similar to galls of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFB50FD84FAFAB5B7" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1190,1344,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burgundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFB50FD84FAFAB5B7" box="[1190,1344,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">A. burgundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEFFF8DFEFBFD78FE4EB59B" author="Stone, G. N. & Atkinson, R. J. & Rokas, A. & Nieves Aldrey, J. L. & Melika, G. & Acs, Z. & Csoka, G. & Hayward, A. & Bailey, R. & Buckee, C. & McVean, G. A. T." box="[269,500,656,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" pagination="652 - 665" refId="ref36370" refString="Stone, G. N., Atkinson, R. J., Rokas, A., Nieves Aldrey, J. L., Melika, G., Acs, Z., Csoka, G., Hayward, A., Bailey, R., Buckee, C. & McVean, G. A. T. (2008) Evidence for widespread cryptic sexual generations in apparently purely asexual Andricus gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 17, 652 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2007.03573. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFEADFD79FE29B59B" box="[347,403,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that the sexual generation of several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFBC7FD78FB2CB59B" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1073,1174,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFBC7FD78FB2CB59B" box="[1073,1174,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFA72FD78FE6EB5FF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFA72FD78FE80B5FF" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caputmedusae">A. caputmedusae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFEBCFD5CFE6EB5FF" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[330,468,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriarius">A. coriarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFDE5FD5CFD39B5FF" box="[531,643,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFDE5FD5CFD39B5FF" box="[531,643,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">A. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, develops in small, aggregated bud galls similar to those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFA72FD5CFEB4B5C3" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burgundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFA72FD5CFEB4B5C3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">A. burgundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFDF2FD30FD1BB5C3" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Zargaran" authorityYear="2008" box="[516,673,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atkinsonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFDF2FD30FD1BB5C3" box="[516,673,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">A. atkinsonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our unpublished molecular results corroborate that observation, hence the galls and adults of both generations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFD49FD14FCFCB427" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[703,838,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFD49FD14FCFCB427" box="[703,838,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">A. coriarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are now known. Adults of the sexual generation will be described elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEFFF8DFF31FCACFBD2B496" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
|
||
The typical galls of the asexual generation are superficially similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFBA8FCACFAB7B46F" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1118,1293,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFBA8FCACFAB7B46F" box="[1118,1293,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">A. grossulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEFFF8DFAE9FCACFADCB46F" box="[1311,1382,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) but differ in the more delicate and pointed lobes. The less common morphologies of this gall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEFFF8DFB51FC8FFB40B4B3" box="[1191,1274,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) resemble the galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEFFF8DFF07FC64FE1FB497" box="[241,421,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriariformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEFFF8DFF07FC64FE1FB497" box="[241,421,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">A. coriariformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEFFF8DFE43FC64FDBCB497" box="[437,518,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) but lobes of the latter are shorter and widely splayed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |