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<document id="E1DF482532995E1443C9D2102F1F654D" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe &amp; Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FD84FCD0B21D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus moreae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="466" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="466" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="82655371945B87DEAA6F230AF268B4F8">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="361DAA2F7E6416A14561B49698C9C031">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="730FB72459C400801A984F3B3704C0CC">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE3987D194564FCAB3C253EDBAE9C303">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FD84FCD0B21D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949884" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FD84FCD0B21D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FD84FCD0B21D" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF61FD84FD90B5B5" box="[151,554,620,646]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF61FD84FD90B5B5" blockId="15.[151,554,620,646]" box="[151,554,620,646]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<heading id="7F418184FFEBFF89FF61FD84FD90B5B5" bold="true" box="[151,554,620,646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FF61FD84FD90B5B5" authority="(Graeffe, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Graeffe" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,554,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moreae">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FD84FD90B5B5" bold="true" box="[151,554,620,646]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FD84FEDCB5B5" bold="true" box="[151,358,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Andricus moreae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEBFF89FE80FD84FD98B5B5" author="Graeffe, E." box="[374,546,620,646]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="370 - 373" refId="ref33753" refString="Graeffe, E. (1905) Uber zwei neue Cynips-Arten und deren Gallen. Ferhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 55, 370 - 373." type="journal article" year="1905">Graeffe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF61FD5AFEDFB490" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF61FD5AFC4AB5F8" blockId="15.[151,1437,690,1327]" box="[151,1008,690,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FD5AFE9CB5F8" bold="true" box="[151,294,690,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Host plants.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FEDBFD5AFECAB5F8" box="[301,368,690,715]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Israel</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FE8CFD5BFE46B5F8" box="[378,508,691,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FE8CFD5BFE46B5F8" box="[378,508,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Elsewhere:
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD78FD5BFC99B5F8" box="[654,803,691,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD78FD5BFC99B5F8" box="[654,803,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FCACFD5BFC4AB5F8" box="[858,1008,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FCACFD5BFC57B5F8" box="[858,1005,691,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">Q. infectoria</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31FD3EFEDFB490" blockId="15.[151,1437,690,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31FD3EFEE2B5DC" bold="true" box="[199,344,726,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Life history.</emphasis>
Known only from the bud galls of the asexual generation. These are spherical, single-chambered galls,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEBFF89FF2FFD13FE92B421" box="[217,296,763,787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
in diameter, resembling a blueberry, with a small apical crown. They are found on the terminal parts of branches, usually in small clusters, dark green, turning brown and very hard when mature (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEBFF89FB3FFCF6FAA5B404" box="[1225,1311,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1722" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 1722. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Old galls remain on the tree for several years and turn darker. The similarity of this species to host-alternating
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FAC1FCABFA26B468" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1335,1436,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FAC1FCABFA26B468" box="[1335,1436,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species suggests that if a sexual generation exists, it induces galls on oaks from section
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FB74FC8FFB70B44D" box="[1154,1226,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Cerris</emphasis>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FAFAFC8FFACBB44D" box="[1292,1393,871,894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FAFAFC8FFACBB44D" box="[1292,1393,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FA77FC8FFF59B490" authorityName="Lindl" authorityYear="1840" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brantii">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FA77FC8FFF59B490" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. brantii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FF07FC63FEEEB490" box="[241,340,907,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF07FC63FEEEB490" box="[241,340,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. libani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF31FC46FC4DB33C" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="description">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31FC46FC4DB33C" blockId="15.[151,1437,690,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31FC46FEF3B4F4" bold="true" box="[199,329,942,967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Phenology.</emphasis>
Galls develop quickly from early to late August and the adults emerge from them in
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FACBFC46FAC1B4F4" box="[1341,1403,942,967]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Israel</collectingCountry>
in September-October (elsewhere also in November). In other countries where this species is known, some of the adults overwinter inside the galls and emerge in March of the following year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF31FBF2FD02B365" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31FBF2FD02B365" blockId="15.[151,1437,690,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31FBF2FEDAB300" bold="true" box="[199,352,1050,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FE98FBF2FE0BB300" box="[366,433,1050,1075]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Israel</collectingCountry>
: Mt. Hermon
<date id="50081028FFEBFF89FD95FBF2FCA3B300" box="[611,793,1050,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" value="1500" valueMax="1780">
1500 and
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEBFF89FD17FBF3FCA3B300" box="[737,793,1051,1075]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780</quantity>
</date>
m.a.s.l., Odem Forest, Allone HaBashan, Mt. Addir. Elsewhere: Geece,
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FE98FBD6FE05B364" box="[366,447,1086,1111]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FE3CFBD6FDB2B364" box="[458,520,1086,1111]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Syria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FDE5FBD6FDC2B364" box="[531,632,1086,1111]" name="Lebanon" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FD75FBD7FD0EB365" box="[643,692,1087,1110]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF31FB8AFCD0B21D" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31FB8AFBD1B3F0" blockId="15.[151,1437,690,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31FB8AFEF5B348" bold="true" box="[199,335,1122,1147]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Comments.</emphasis>
This species has not been collected for many years following its original description and its status was uncertain (
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEBFF89FEC9FB6EFDACB3AC" author="Bellido, D. &amp; Ros-Farre, P. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[319,534,1158,1183]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="197 - 248" refId="ref32858" refString="Bellido, D., Ros-Farre, P., Melika, G. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2003) Review of the asexual forms of the Andricus kollari speciesgroup (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae, Cynipini). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 64, 197 - 248." type="journal article" year="2003">
Bellido
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FE6CFB6FFE68B3AD" box="[410,466,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). However, recently, many galls were found and adults were reared from
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FAB0FB6FFA22B3AC" box="[1350,1432,1159,1183]" name="Greece" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FF61FB42FF68B3F0" box="[151,210,1194,1219]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Syria</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FEFEFB43FE8FB3F1" box="[264,309,1195,1218]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEBFF89FEB2FB43FE6AB3F0" author="Kwast, E." box="[324,464,1194,1219]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="111 - 117" refId="ref34320" refString="Kwast, E. (2005) Neufunde von Andricus moreae (Graeffe, 1905), einer ostmediterranen Gallwespe (Hym., Cynipidae), mit Bemerkungen zu Gallenstruktur, Wirtzpflanze und Lebenszyklus. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 49 (2005 / 2), 111 - 117." type="journal article" year="2005">Kwast 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEBFF89FE2DFB42FD6AB3F0" author="Azizkhani, E. &amp; Rasoulian, G. R. &amp; Kharazi-Pardel, A. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Sadeghi, S. E. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Stone, G. N. &amp; Atkinson, R." box="[475,720,1194,1219]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="161 - 197" refId="ref32705" refString="Azizkhani, E., Rasoulian, G. R., Kharazi-Pardel, A., Tavakoli, M., Sadeghi, S. E., Melika, G., Stone, G. N. &amp; Atkinson, R. (2006) New species of oak gall wasps from Zagross Mountains of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 67, 161 - 197." type="journal article" year="2006">
Azizkhani
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FDA3FB43FD37B3F0" box="[597,653,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), as well as during the present study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31FB26FCD0B21D" blockId="15.[151,1437,690,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
The general shape and phenology of these galls resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FC51FB27FB82B3D5" box="[935,1080,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternlichti">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FC51FB27FB82B3D5" box="[935,1080,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. sternlichti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEBFF89FBB0FB26FB2DB3D4" box="[1094,1175,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 1722" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 1722. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) but
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FB26FB27FADAB3D5" box="[1232,1376,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternlichti">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FB26FB27FADAB3D5" box="[1232,1376,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. sternlichti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls are much bigger, pale brown when mature, and have typical pointy protuberances connected by ridges, which are absent in the much smaller and darker brown galls of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD07FAFFFCD9B21D" box="[753,867,1303,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moreae">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD07FAFFFCD9B21D" box="[753,867,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. moreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>