155 lines
16 KiB
XML
155 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="BAFCEFD544F35206B4F872940F56D5DF" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FA6AFC69B05E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus multiplicatus Giraud 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="466" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="466" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECB6B1C0E2132896C6D8BB5F3FACEEBB">
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<mods:title id="91F6DAD3EDE8121BB9ABF75FDA9CA68E">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AE3E1C22AFD40FC4E2FB48442BD705E3">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6201777149A66449E5761046E07CAF0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="665D257A148C9078E876B69EF3B6A083">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5BAE7E1743CABDC65E31C64D5C9E5814" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="52EAE862920AE54D1E324ADF606E762B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="39C4693CCD0800B830A1B94B4828ED16">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="7A0B2BC56CB939D71BE14AA243E234A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="74285A2902BBDEF9F7A3ADA9ABD4CBFE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1020286EFB5A8C8FD90757911BB20755">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DE0D98463B3D8391DCD605EB97C75815">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DD7D149F2BDF59483306C71A504A92E0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4757D7B46F00FCE2C919BB19C937879E">
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<mods:date id="494442A2EE831275F3446120DDCA7996">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A3758AC57382801F6D9632FA3F316F13">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CCE93734D08C577AEAC719B15FA4B8CF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4CF308D3B9F577F9E4DBD06595E8C403">4521</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7AA3A78DE5892F492558D300A0E26790" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4F57E72732EC49F4EC162BAF35CCBBD3">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="934275F8536166D2127E8E8C538F277C" type="CLB-Dataset">27950</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D255F58FB9D8A16ADBF03B5A72C525D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E8A366772CF705680C143FACD484BD31" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FA6AFC69B05E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949886" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FA6AFC69B05E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFEBFF89FF61FA6AFC69B05E" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF61FA6AFDEDB2AE" box="[151,599,1410,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF61FA6AFDEDB2AE" blockId="15.[151,599,1410,1437]" box="[151,599,1410,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<heading id="7F418184FFEBFF89FF61FA6AFDEDB2AE" bold="true" box="[151,599,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FF61FA6AFDEDB2AE" authority="Giraud, 1859" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,599,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FA6AFDEDB2AE" bold="true" box="[151,599,1410,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FA6AFE11B2AF" bold="true" box="[151,427,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEBFF89FE44FA6BFDEDB2AE" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[434,599,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref33719" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Ferhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Fereins in Wien, 9, 337 - 374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF61FA21FD0DB17D" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF61FA21FC6DB2D2" blockId="15.[151,1437,1481,1902]" box="[151,983,1481,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FA21FE9CB2D1" bold="true" box="[151,294,1481,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FEDBFA21FECAB2D1" box="[301,368,1481,1506]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FE8CFA22FE67B2D2" box="[378,477,1481,1505]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FE8CFA22FE67B2D2" box="[378,477,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. libani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD99FA22FD67B2D2" authorityName="Lindl" authorityYear="1840" box="[623,733,1481,1505]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brantii">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD99FA22FD67B2D2" box="[623,733,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. brantii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD1DFA22FCF4B2D2" box="[747,846,1482,1505]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD1DFA22FCF4B2D2" box="[747,846,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. cerris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FCABFA22FC6AB2D2" box="[861,976,1482,1505]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trojana">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FCABFA22FC6AB2D2" box="[861,976,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. trojana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31FA05FD0DB17D" blockId="15.[151,1437,1481,1902]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31FA05FEE6B135" bold="true" box="[199,348,1517,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Life history.</emphasis>
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Known only from the bud galls of the sexual generation, which are multi-chambered, often aggregated leafy rosettes,
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEBFF89FE4BF9F9FD8CB11A" box="[445,566,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="25.0">25–40 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, with numerous larval chambers at the bases of the rosette leaves (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEBFF89FF69F9DDFF49B17D" box="[159,243,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–70" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 65–70. Galls on various Quercus species. 65. Andricus sp. nr. quercusradicis, sexual generation on leaf of Quercus ithaburensis; 66. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 67. Andricus multiplicatus, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 68. Andricus melikai, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 69. Andricus sp. nr. amenti, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 70. Cerroneuroterus sp. nr. lanuginosus, asexual generation on Quercus libani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610047/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
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). Old galls remain on the tree for a year.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF31F9B1FD41B1A6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31F9B1FD41B1A6" blockId="15.[151,1437,1481,1902]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31F9B1FEF3B141" bold="true" box="[199,329,1625,1650]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls begin to develop in May, at which time the rosette is bright green. Adults emerge from them in June, after which the gall turns brown and dries out.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF31F949FACFB189" box="[199,1397,1697,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31F949FACFB189" blockId="15.[151,1437,1481,1902]" box="[199,1397,1697,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31F949FEDAB189" bold="true" box="[199,352,1697,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FE91F949FE10B189" box="[359,426,1697,1722]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Mt. Hermon,
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEBFF89FDBBF94AFD13B189" box="[589,681,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780 m</quantity>
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.a.s.l. Eleswhere: common from South-central Europe to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FAE9F949FACBB189" box="[1311,1393,1697,1722]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEBFF89FF31F92DFC69B05E" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31F92DFC69B05E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1481,1902]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF31F92DFEF5B1ED" bold="true" box="[199,335,1733,1758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Comments.</emphasis>
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This gall resembles that of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD72F92EFCE5B1ED" authority="Giraud" authorityName="Giraud" box="[644,863,1733,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cydoniae">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD72F92EFCBDB1EE" box="[644,775,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. cydoniae</emphasis>
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Giraud
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is unknown from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FB8FF92DFB0DB1ED" box="[1145,1207,1733,1758]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Israel</collectingCountry>
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and develops on the same oak hosts. However, the galls of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FDAAF902FD59B032" box="[604,739,1769,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cydoniae">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FDAAF902FD59B032" box="[604,739,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. cydoniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are genuinely multi-chambered, with many larval chambers inside a single solid mass of tissue, rather than an aggregation of distinct galls. In Europe,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FB76F8E6FA8AB016" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1152,1328,1805,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FB76F8E6FA8AB016" box="[1152,1328,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FF23F8DAFE83B07A" box="[213,313,1842,1865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF23F8DAFE83B07A" box="[213,313,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. cerris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but we did not find it on this host plant in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FCD7F8D9FCD9B079" box="[801,867,1841,1866]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Israel</collectingCountry>
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. The morphology of the galls on the different host plants in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FF0BF8BEFE90B05E" box="[253,298,1878,1901]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Iran</collectingCountry>
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and Europe is similar to that of the Israeli galls on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FC9EF8BEFC76B05E" box="[872,972,1877,1901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FC9EF8BEFC76B05E" box="[872,972,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. libani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |