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<document id="CB3E1A66ED46B66CB213E9055CF40A91" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe &amp; Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFEAFF89FF61FBF2FB37B524" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus miriami Shachar 2015, new synonym" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="466" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="465" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D0ABDCF1AC78CA6CA60471E2C5AF1E93">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81E8BFA1FE29D01154BA19A3660485BB">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23630961ECFD605E3F9706569C9C7CBB">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F72F706CAA492D7459FD6B063B65317F">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55AA69A9E23B5CAAFCEC65118271AADF">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="C703C3865EE95D9BBBBE36D6B7DE28B9">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFEAFF89FF61FBF2FB37B524" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949882" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFEAFF89FF61FBF2FB37B524" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFEAFF89FF61FBF2FB37B524" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF88FF61FBF2FCBEB345" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF61FBF2FD99B306" blockId="14.[151,547,1050,1077]" box="[151,547,1050,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<heading id="7F418184FFEAFF88FF61FBF2FD99B306" bold="true" box="[151,547,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FF61FBF2FD99B306" authority="Shachar, 2015" authorityName="Shachar" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,547,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF61FBF2FD99B306" bold="true" box="[151,547,1050,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF61FBF2FED7B307" bold="true" box="[151,365,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Andricus miriami</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF88FE82FBF3FD99B306" author="Shachar, E. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Dorchin, N." box="[372,547,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="827 - 833" refId="ref36118" refString="Shachar, E., Melika, G. &amp; Dorchin, N. (2015) Taxonomy and biology of Andricus miriami - a remarkable bud-galling cynipid from the Middle East (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108, 827 - 833. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / sav 053" type="journal article" year="2015">Shachar, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF61FB89FCBEB345" blockId="14.[151,772,1121,1143]" box="[151,772,1121,1143]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FF61FB89FDDBB344" authority="Shachar, Inbar &amp; Dorchin" authorityName="Shachar, Inbar &amp; Dorchin" box="[151,609,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morula">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF61FB89FEF8B344" box="[151,322,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Andricus morula</emphasis>
(Shachar, Inbar &amp; Dorchin)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FD9DFB89FCBEB345" bold="true" box="[619,772,1121,1142]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DF15781FFEAFF88FD9DFB89FCBAB345" box="[619,768,1121,1142]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">new synonym</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF88FF61FB4CFEF8B15F" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF61FB4CFB67B38E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1188,2005]" box="[151,1245,1188,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF61FB4CFE9CB38E" bold="true" box="[151,294,1188,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FEDBFB4CFE63B38F" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[301,473,1188,1212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FEDBFB4CFE63B38F" box="[301,473,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(asexual generation) and
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FD0CFB4CFCE7B38F" box="[762,861,1188,1212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FD0CFB4CFCE7B38F" box="[762,861,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Q. libani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FC62FB4CFC4DB38F" box="[916,1015,1188,1212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FC62FB4CFC4DB38F" box="[916,1015,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sexual generation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF31FB2FFEF8B15F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF31FB2FFEE6B3D3" bold="true" box="[199,348,1223,1248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Life history.</emphasis>
Prior to the present study, only the asexual generation of this species was known but recent molecular data suggest that
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FE2FFB04FC29B237" authority="(Shachar et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Shachar et al." baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[473,915,1260,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morula">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FE2FFB04FD23B237" box="[473,665,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Andricus morula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF88FD5FFB04FC31B237" author="Shachar, E. &amp; Inbar, M. &amp; Dorchin, N." box="[681,907,1260,1285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref36185" refString="Shachar, E., Inbar, M. &amp; Dorchin, N. (2017) Taxonomy and biology of Andricus morula - a new gall-wasp species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Mt. Hermon, Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 47, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="2017">Shachar et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is actually the sexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FAC1FB04FF4AB214" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FAC1FB04FF4AB214" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Andricus miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Shachar, unpublished data), therefore the association of the two generations is established here for the first time (but see discussion of previous suggestions under the comments section). Galls of the sexual generation develop in mulberry-like catkin galls, composed of 17–40 small units attached to the branch at their bases (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEAFF88FA9CFABFFF58B2A7" captionStart="FIGURES 71–74" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1203,1226]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[152,1435,193,1182]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 71–74. Galls on various Quercus species. 71. Andricus miriami, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 72. Same, old gall; 73. Plagiotrochus razeti, asexual generation on Quercus calliprinos; 74. Plagiotrochus quercusilicis, sexual generation on Quercus calliprinos." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610049/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Figs 71–72</figureCitation>
). Young galls are soft and green to light brown at their tips, and completely covered by white velvety hairs and coated by nectar that attracts other insects. Mature galls are
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEAFF88FC9FFA48FC59B284" box="[873,995,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="12.0">12–17 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEAFF88FBDCFA48FB19B284" box="[1066,1187,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
wide, and their apical part turns darker. The asexual generation develops in large and conspicuous bud galls,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEAFF88FB78FA2CFAB0B2EF" box="[1166,1290,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 mm</quantity>
in diameter, composed of 10–40 mushroom-shaped units that are joined at their bases to form a sphere (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEAFF88FB57FA0FFB4CB133" box="[1185,1270,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Each subunit contains several larval chambers. Young galls are green, soft, and completely covered by short, white fuzz, whereas mature galls are woody, with the white fuzz limited to the tips of units. Old galls may remain on the tree for several years (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEAFF88FF17F9BCFE8FB15F" box="[225,309,1620,1645]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF88FF31F99FFD5BB1CE" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="description">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF31F99FFD5BB1CE" blockId="14.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF31F99FFEF3B1A3" bold="true" box="[199,329,1655,1680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Phenology.</emphasis>
Galls of the sexual generation begin to develop in April and mature in June through July, when they reach their final size. Adults emerge in July and early August, after which the galls dry up, become woody and may remain on the tree for another year. Galls of the asexual generation begin to develop towards the end of March and mature in September. Adults emerge in January.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF88FF31F8EFFBA0B05B" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF31F8EFFBA0B05B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF31F8EFFEDAB013" bold="true" box="[199,352,1799,1824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FE9EF8EFFE11B013" box="[360,427,1799,1824]" name="Israel" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Israel</collectingCountry>
: The sexual generation is currently known only from
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FBE6F8EFFBE8B013" box="[1040,1106,1799,1824]" name="Israel" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Israel</collectingCountry>
: Mt. Hermon
<date id="50081028FFEAFF88FB05F8EFFA26B013" box="[1267,1436,1799,1824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" value="1500" valueMax="1780">
1500 and
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEAFF88FA92F8E0FA26B013" box="[1380,1436,1800,1824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780</quantity>
</date>
m.a.s.l., Mt. Kahal. The asexual generation is common and widespread throughout the distribution range of the host plant and is has also been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FD94F8A7FD17B05B" box="[610,685,1871,1896]" name="Jordan" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF88FD4DF8A7FBB4B05B" author="Nieves Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Massa, B." box="[699,1038,1871,1896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="73 - 82" refId="ref35138" refString="Nieves Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Massa, B. (2006) Contribution to the knowledge of the Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) of Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East, 37, 73 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2006.10638150" type="journal article" year="2006">
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FD4DF8A7FCB0B05B" box="[699,778,1871,1896]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Nieves</collectingCountry>
Aldrey &amp; Massa 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF89FF31F89CFB37B524" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF89FF31F89CFEE2B656" blockId="14.[151,1437,1188,2005]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF31F89CFEF5B0BE" bold="true" box="[199,335,1908,1933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Comments.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FE25F89CFDF7B0BF" box="[467,589,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FE25F89CFDF7B0BF" box="[467,589,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">A. miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has recently been validated in a formal description (
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF88FB5DF89CFA2AB0BE" author="Shachar, E. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Dorchin, N." box="[1195,1424,1908,1933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="827 - 833" refId="ref36118" refString="Shachar, E., Melika, G. &amp; Dorchin, N. (2015) Taxonomy and biology of Andricus miriami - a remarkable bud-galling cynipid from the Middle East (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108, 827 - 833. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / sav 053" type="journal article" year="2015">
Shachar
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FAE6F89DFAF8B0BF" box="[1296,1346,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF88FF61F870FE7DB083" author="Sternlicht, M." box="[151,455,1944,1969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="17 - 57" refId="ref36265" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1968 b) The oak galls of Israel (Quercus calliprinos Webb, and Quercus ithaburensis Decne.). Israel Journal of Entomology, 3, 17 - 57." type="journal article" year="1968">
Sternlicht (1968b,
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEAFF88FE9AF870FE04B083" box="[364,446,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned both the sexual and asexual generations of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FBC9F870FB00B083" box="[1087,1210,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FBC9F870FB00B083" box="[1087,1210,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">A. miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described their galls, but did not provide evidence for the association between them. More recently,
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF89FB74F854FF5BB783" author="Nieves Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Massa, B." lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="73 - 82" refId="ref35138" refString="Nieves Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Massa, B. (2006) Contribution to the knowledge of the Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) of Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East, 37, 73 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2006.10638150" type="journal article" year="2006">
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FB74F854FB6AB0E6" box="[1154,1232,1980,2005]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Nieves</collectingCountry>
Aldrey &amp; Massa (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEBFF89FEEAFF7FFD9FB783" author="Rizzo, M. C. &amp; Askew, R. R." box="[284,549,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="218 - 227" refId="ref35748" refString="Rizzo, M. C. &amp; Askew, R. R. (2009) Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea inhabiting galls of Cynipidae in Jordan. Entomologica Fennica, 20, 218 - 227." type="journal article" year="2009">Rizzo &amp; Askew (2009)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD6FFF70FCA8B79C" box="[665,786,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD6FFF70FCA8B79C" box="[665,786,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FCACFF7FFC1DB783" box="[858,935,151,176]" name="Jordan" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Jordan</collectingCountry>
, where they reported to have found galls of both generations, but again, did not say what this decision was based on and did not describe the actual wasps. Our unpublished molecular data indicate that the taxon attributed by
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEBFF89FC7CFF37FBE3B7CB" author="Sternlicht, M." box="[906,1113,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="17 - 57" refId="ref36265" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1968 b) The oak galls of Israel (Quercus calliprinos Webb, and Quercus ithaburensis Decne.). Israel Journal of Entomology, 3, 17 - 57." type="journal article" year="1968">Sternlicht (1968b)</bibRefCitation>
to the sexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FF61FEECFEE6B62F" box="[151,348,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FEECFEE6B62F" box="[151,348,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Andricus miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct species, close to
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD5FFEECFCAEB62F" box="[681,788,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="istvani">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD5FFEECFCAEB62F" box="[681,788,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. istvani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and that
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FC75FEECFC4EB62F" box="[899,1012,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morula">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FC75FEECFC4EB62F" box="[899,1012,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. morula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is genetically identical to
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FAEAFEECFA2FB62F" box="[1308,1429,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FAEAFEECFA2FB62F" box="[1308,1429,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we synonymize here
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FE0BFEC0FDD7B673" box="[509,621,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morula">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FE0BFEC0FDD7B673" box="[509,621,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. morula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FD4FFEC0FC8BB60C" box="[697,817,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FD4FFEC0FC8BB60C" box="[697,817,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this species is now known from galls and adults of both generations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEBFF89FF31FE87FB37B524" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
Galls of the sexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FDB4FE98FD01B6B4" box="[578,699,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FDB4FE98FD01B6B4" box="[578,699,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble somewhat galls of the sexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FAE8FE98FA26B6B4" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" box="[1310,1436,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FAE8FE98FA26B6B4" box="[1310,1436,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. cecconii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFEBFF89FF69FE7CFEA4B69F" box="[159,286,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–52" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1677,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610041/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Figs 47–48</figureCitation>
) but are much smaller, woodier, elongate rather than spherical, and always sticky with a velvety cover, whereas
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FF0AFE50FEC0B6FC" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" box="[252,378,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF0AFE50FEC0B6FC" box="[252,378,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. cecconii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls are never sticky and may or may not have a velvety cover. The asexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FF61FE34FDDEB6C6" authority="Melika, Mutun &amp; Dinc" authorityName="Melika, Mutun &amp; Dinc" box="[151,612,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FF61FE34FEE6B6C7" box="[151,348,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Andricus turcicus</emphasis>
Melika, Mutun &amp; Dinç
</taxonomicName>
induces similar galls on
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FC8DFE34FBB0B6C7" box="[891,1034,476,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FC8DFE34FBB0B6C7" box="[891,1034,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. infectoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FBB6FE34FB02B6C7" box="[1088,1208,476,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FBB6FE34FB02B6C7" box="[1088,1208,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Q. petraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEBFF89FB2AFE34FA97B6C6" box="[1244,1325,476,501]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, but these are small and single-chambered compared to the big, multi-chambered galls of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEBFF89FBF9FDE8FB3DB524" box="[1039,1159,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEBFF89FBF9FDE8FB3DB524" box="[1039,1159,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">A. miriami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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