170 lines
19 KiB
XML
170 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="845344EAEBC4FC5BAF39544F80287582" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFE9FF8BFF61FE42FC9CB385" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus hystrix Kieffer 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="464" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="956D4D0F8DA0EC8B456C01B73842DF5A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="5060FD8980A514381719AEC931D80A8A">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E68D8BD0134981F940647E26BF566039" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1B1F99E42E13395C78F1667DA5E182D6">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B14C14FA1AFFADF1D9A4A998E9548037">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2ABB90922DFBFF6B1C9164225905948C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C1748DC6BC1596F0328F3C3F1BC8B45F">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="267D7D9CB0C2A989712C29C765BDAE2C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="78005A401AEB055A333F7A3A7608DFB6">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FD97167ED37A7F28FC79F634652CB76E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="93F6EB7FDA4F4A7577149BC25DB02609">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7292ECD6569BE9412848E2013AB23C94">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="670ADFDA5C16D8EAFB5CFEBD4B88F77E">4521</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFE9FF8BFF61FE42FC9CB385" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949873" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFE9FF8BFF61FE42FC9CB385" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFE9FF8BFF61FE42FC9CB385" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF61FE42FDBDB6F7" box="[151,519,426,452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF61FE42FDBDB6F7" blockId="13.[151,519,426,452]" box="[151,519,426,452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<heading id="7F418184FFE9FF8BFF61FE42FDBDB6F7" bold="true" box="[151,519,426,452]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFF61FE42FDBDB6F7" authority="Kieffer, 1897" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,519,426,452]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61FE42FDBDB6F7" bold="true" box="[151,519,426,452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61FE42FEDAB6F7" bold="true" box="[151,352,426,452]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Andricus hystrix</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE9FF8BFE91FE42FDBDB6F7" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[359,519,426,452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref33971" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1897) Description de nouveaux Cynipides d'Europe (Hymen.). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1897, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1897">Kieffer, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF61FE19FD22B419" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF61FE19FCFDB51D" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61FE19FE91B539" bold="true" box="[151,299,497,522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFEC0FE19FEC3B539" box="[310,377,497,522]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFE7EFE19FDAAB53A" box="[392,528,497,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFE7EFE19FDAAB53A" box="[392,528,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(asexual generation). Elsewhere:
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFC69FE19FAFBB53A" box="[927,1345,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFC69FE19FBA4B53A" box="[927,1054,497,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">Q. petraea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFBD8FE19FB71B53A" box="[1070,1227,497,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Q. pubescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFB2DFE19FAFBB53A" box="[1243,1345,497,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">Q. robur</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFA77FE19FEBEB51E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFA77FE19FEBEB51E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Q. infectoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(asexual generation);
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFE0BFDFEFDDAB51E" box="[509,608,534,557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFE0BFDFEFDDAB51E" box="[509,608,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Q. cerris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sexual generation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31FDD1FD22B419" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31FDD1FEE2B561" bold="true" box="[199,344,569,594]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Life history.</emphasis>
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The sexual generation of this species has been described recently (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE9FF8BFBBAFDD1FA2FB561" author="Folliot, R. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[1100,1429,569,594]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="157 - 160" refId="ref33587" refString="Folliot, R. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2006) Males of Andricus hystrix Trotter, a new sexual form of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 38, 157 - 160." type="journal article" year="2006">Folliot & Pujade-Villar 2006</bibRefCitation>
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) from adult males, but in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFE42FDB5FE48B545" box="[436,498,605,630]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
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the species is known only from the bud galls of its asexual generation. These are composed of multiple elongate, flexible projections that form a sphere of up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFBE8FD69FBDAB5AA" box="[1054,1120,641,666]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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in diameter (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE9FF8BFB0FFD69FAF7B5A9" box="[1273,1357,641,666]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). They are green to purple and sticky when young, turning light brown, woody, and not sticky when mature. The sexual generation develops in single-chambered, solitary bud galls,
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFCB7FD22FC39B5D2" box="[833,899,714,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFC04FD22FBF3B5D2" box="[1010,1097,714,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, with longitudinal ribs and blunt tip. The gall is almost entirely concealed within the bud scales, smooth, medium to light brown or orange-brown (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE9FF8BFEB4FCF9FD36B419" author="Folliot, R. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[322,652,785,810]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="157 - 160" refId="ref33587" refString="Folliot, R. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2006) Males of Andricus hystrix Trotter, a new sexual form of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 38, 157 - 160." type="journal article" year="2006">Folliot & Pujade-Villar 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF31FCDDFB64B4A5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31FCDDFB64B4A5" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31FCDDFEF3B47D" bold="true" box="[199,329,821,846]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Phenology.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFE99FCDDFE0AB47D" box="[367,432,821,846]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, galls of the asexual generation begin to develop in June on branches close to the ground on young trees, and adults emerge from them in October. In Europe and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFC24FCB1FBE9B441" box="[978,1107,857,882]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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adults emerge in September. Galls of the sexual generation develop in early spring and adults emerge from them in April-May.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF31FC49FEA6B4ED" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31FC49FEA6B4ED" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31FC49FEDAB489" bold="true" box="[199,352,929,954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFE91FC49FE10B489" box="[359,426,929,954]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Rare, found only on Mt. Meron and Pa’ar cave. Elsewhere: Southern and Central Europe and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFF30FC2DFEA2B4ED" box="[198,280,965,990]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF31FC01FC9CB385" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31FC01FC9CB385" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31FC01FEF5B331" bold="true" box="[199,335,1001,1026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Comments.</emphasis>
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Galls of the asexual generation are somewhat similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFBD1FC02FB69B332" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1063,1235,1001,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFBD1FC02FB69B332" box="[1063,1235,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">A. grossulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE9FF8BFB17FC01FA9EB331" box="[1249,1316,1001,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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) but differ from them in their smaller size, more delicate lobes, and the lack of longitudinal ridges along the lobes. Furthermore, in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFEBBFBD9FE31B379" box="[333,395,1073,1098]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFE64FBDAFD84B37A" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[402,574,1073,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFE64FBDAFD84B37A" box="[402,574,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">A. grossulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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galls develop on high branches whereas
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFBFFFBDAFBCEB37A" box="[1033,1140,1073,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFBFFFBDAFBCEB37A" box="[1033,1140,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">A. hystrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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galls are usually found on lower branches of young trees. The rare, single-chambered, spiny gall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFC15FBBDFA9BB35D" authority="(Giraud)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" box="[995,1313,1109,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serotinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFC15FBBDFB0DB35E" box="[995,1207,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Andricus serotinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Giraud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unknown from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFF20FB91FEACB3A1" box="[214,278,1145,1170]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
) develops in similar regions on similar hosts, but can be distinguished form galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFB29FB92FAF6B3A2" box="[1247,1356,1145,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFB29FB92FAF6B3A2" box="[1247,1356,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">A. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the fact that it is covered in many fine, almost feathery spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |