134 lines
13 KiB
XML
134 lines
13 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8E40851CBF27626751AE386BCF27857C">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BED1044112CCB5B65AA1EFCD451A02E6">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57BDA01C527D8E857878C141A5FCD31C">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0B9D65FEEBC37D1E9574792B6695BFF">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="335B5FEB2F098FEB7E915AF9F3F9F0D1">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9343B6B23F1AC62B4D75D31DFC1F7901">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D8AF5E577B26B135D01CAFE064F83817">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="234534966116D9A28D1172146801E7FE">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3ADB32745921DBDCBD603286CD15DE98">4521</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFE9FF8BFF61FB14FBCBB1D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFE9FF8BFF61FB14FBCBB1D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFE9FF8BFF61FB14FBCBB1D3" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF61FB14FDA1B225" box="[151,539,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF61FB14FDA1B225" blockId="13.[151,539,1276,1302]" box="[151,539,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<heading id="7F418184FFE9FF8BFF61FB14FDA1B225" bold="true" box="[151,539,1276,1302]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFF61FB14FDA1B225" authority="(Hartig, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[151,539,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61FB14FDA1B225" bold="true" box="[151,539,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61FB14FEDFB225" bold="true" box="[151,357,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Andricus lucidus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE9FF8BFE82FB14FDA9B225" author="Hartig, T." box="[372,531,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="395 - 422" refId="ref33881" refString="Hartig, T. (1843) Zweiter nachtrag zur naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 4, 395 - 422." type="journal article" year="1843">Hartig, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF61FAAAFD74B160" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF61FAAAFB8FB269" blockId="13.[151,1436,1346,1761]" box="[151,1077,1346,1371]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61FAAAFE9CB268" bold="true" box="[151,294,1346,1371]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFEDBFAAAFECAB268" box="[301,368,1346,1371]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFE8CFAABFE46B268" box="[378,508,1347,1371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFE8CFAABFE46B268" box="[378,508,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere: several species from section
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFC26FAABFB8FB269" box="[976,1077,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFC26FAABFB8BB269" box="[976,1073,1347,1370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31FA8EFD74B160" blockId="13.[151,1436,1346,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31FA8EFEE7B24C" bold="true" box="[199,349,1382,1407]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Life history.</emphasis>
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Recent rearing experiments (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE9FF8BFD4FFA8EFCEAB24C" author="Walker, P." box="[697,848,1382,1407]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="64 - 67" refId="ref36913" refString="Walker, P. (2002) Two new records for cynipid oak galls (Cynipidae: Hymenoptera) in Britain. Cecidology, 17, 64 - 67." type="journal article" year="2002">Walker 2002</bibRefCitation>
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) and unpublished molecular data showed that the sexual generation of this species is the taxon previously known as
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFC50FA61FB3AB292" box="[934,1152,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFC50FA61FB3AB292" box="[934,1152,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Andricus aestivalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The asexual generation induces small to medium, spherical bud galls, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFD04FA45FCFEB2F6" box="[754,836,1453,1478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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in diameter (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE9FF8BFC29FA45FB9CB2F5" box="[991,1062,1453,1478]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). The gall is composed of short, straight and blunt lobes of up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFDF8FA38FDEBB2DB" box="[526,593,1488,1513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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in length and is multi-chambered. Young galls are light green or reddishpurple and sticky, turning brown, woody and not sticky when mature. Old galls remain on the trees for several years and often lose the lobes. The sexual generation is known from Europe, where it induces big, rosette-like catkin galls, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFE93F9D3FE0EB160" box="[357,436,1595,1620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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in diameter on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFD95F9D3FD7CB160" box="[611,710,1595,1619]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFD95F9D3FD7CB160" box="[611,710,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Q. cerris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF31F9B6FED8B1A9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31F9B6FED8B1A9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1346,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31F9B6FEF3B144" bold="true" box="[199,329,1630,1655]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls of the asexual generation begin to develop in August and adults emerge from them in January-February.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF31F94DFBCBB1D3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31F94DFBCBB1D3" blockId="13.[151,1436,1346,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31F94DFEDAB18D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1701,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFE9EF94DFE11B18D" box="[360,427,1701,1726]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Mt. Hermon
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFDBCF94EFD1AB18E" box="[586,672,1702,1726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780 m</quantity>
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a.s.l. and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFCE2F94DFCD0B18E" box="[788,874,1701,1726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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a.s.l., Odem Forest, En Zivan, Allone HaBashan, Tel Hazeqa, Mt. Meron, Mt. Adir. Elsewhere: widespread from Southern
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFC3AF921FBA2B1D3" box="[972,1048,1737,1760]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">France</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFBCAF921FBD7B1D3" box="[1084,1133,1737,1760]" name="Iran" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |