137 lines
15 KiB
XML
137 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="976E9F88E43E196FA90BFFC8512F8554" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FACDB386" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus foecundatrix" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="463" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="463" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="15C2B56C6DAEDF1CAC333E2E40366FB3">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D54E0128D7D5980017AC0E9678FD8000">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB30980F624790E52E2EE1523864BC25">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="82446CE9F2EE7E5C869D167454F3DB16">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26F25B881BDBB3F85814C7D3EC76EC02">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A41C94707B409DBE9B6B0CCC8990B4F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B9EA3C4AA52F670630896EA65E4AEF6B">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D038177A069DA96B9C547031E58C24A">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C241E6254C072CA150B4AC64CE58B751">4521</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FACDB386" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949869" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FACDB386" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FACDB386" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FDE4B54B" box="[151,606,606,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FDE4B54B" blockId="12.[151,606,606,632]" box="[151,606,606,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<heading id="7F418184FFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FDE4B54B" bold="true" box="[151,606,606,632]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FDE4B54B" authority="(Hartig, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[151,606,606,632]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foecundatrix">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FDE4B54B" bold="true" box="[151,606,606,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFF61FDB6FE12B54B" bold="true" box="[151,424,606,632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Andricus foecundatrix</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE8FF8AFE41FDB6FDECB54B" author="Hartig, T." box="[439,598,606,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="176 - 209" refId="ref33858" refString="Hartig, T. (1840) Uber die Familie der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 2, 176 - 209." type="journal article" year="1840">Hartig, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE8FF8AFF61FD4DFF65B4ED" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE8FF8AFF61FD4DFB8EB58E" blockId="12.[151,1437,677,1206]" box="[151,1076,677,702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFF61FD4DFE9CB58D" bold="true" box="[151,294,677,702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE8FF8AFEDBFD4DFECAB58D" box="[301,368,677,702]" name="Israel" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE8FF8AFE8CFD4EFE46B58E" box="[378,508,677,701]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFE8CFD4EFE46B58E" box="[378,508,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere: several species from section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE8FF8AFC26FD4EFB94B58E" box="[976,1070,678,701]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFC26FD4EFB94B58E" box="[976,1070,678,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE8FF8AFF31FD21FF65B4ED" blockId="12.[151,1437,677,1206]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFF31FD21FEE0B5D1" bold="true" box="[199,346,713,738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Life history.</emphasis>
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Both the sexual and asexual generations are known, but in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE8FF8AFBF9FD21FBF7B5D1" box="[1039,1101,713,738]" name="Israel" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Israel</collectingCountry>
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only the galls of the asexual generation were found. These are brown, scaly, artichoke-like bud galls at the tips of branches, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE8FF8AFADAFD06FAC7B436" box="[1324,1405,750,774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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in diameter and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE8FF8AFEC3FCFAFE3DB41A" box="[309,391,786,810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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long, (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE8FF8AFE2AFCF9FD8AB419" box="[476,560,785,810]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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) and are single chambered. Young galls are closed tightly but open as they mature to release a small, internal spherical chamber (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE8FF8AFCEBFCDDFCCFB47D" box="[797,885,821,846]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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), which drops to the ground, where the insect completes its development. Old galls remain on the tree for several years and become brown (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE8FF8AFB4FFCB1FAB4B441" box="[1209,1294,857,882]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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). The sexual generation develops in small catkin galls, thin walled, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE8FF8AFCC8FC96FCC5B4A6" box="[830,895,894,918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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long, with a pointed tip, covered by dense, pale pubescence and surrounded by the anthers. The galls are initially green, turning pale brown when mature (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE8FF8AFAADFC49FF69B4ED" author="Adler, H." pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="151 - 246" refId="ref32676" refString="Adler, H. (1881) Uber den Generationswechsel der Eichen-Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie Leipzig, 35, 151 - 246, pls. X-XII." type="journal article" year="1881">Adler 1881</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE8FF8AFF31FC01FB22B379" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE8FF8AFF31FC01FB22B379" blockId="12.[151,1437,677,1206]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFF31FC01FEF3B331" bold="true" box="[199,329,1001,1026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls of the sexual generation begin to develop in April, mature in May, and adults emerge from them immediately. Adults of the asexual generation emerge in April of the following spring, but some remain in diapause in the leaf litter inside the expelled, spherical chamber of the gall for another year.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE8FF8AFF31FBBDFACDB386" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE8FF8AFF31FBBDFACDB386" blockId="12.[151,1437,677,1206]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE8FF8AFF31FBBDFEDAB35D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1109,1134]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE8FF8AFE98FBBDFE0BB35D" box="[366,433,1109,1134]" name="Israel" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Mt. Hermon
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<date id="50081028FFE8FF8AFD92FBBDFCA3B35D" box="[612,793,1109,1134]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="1500" valueMax="1780">
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1500 and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE8FF8AFD17FBBEFCA3B35D" box="[737,793,1110,1134]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780</quantity>
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</date>
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m.a.s.l., Mt. Kahal, Odem Forest, En Zivan, Allone HaBashan, Tel Hazeqa, Mt. Meron, Pa’ar cave, Mt. Addir, Nahal Rakefet. Elsewhere: a widespread species in the Western Palaearctic, from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE8FF8AFE49FB76FD9EB386" box="[447,548,1182,1205]" name="Morocco" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE8FF8AFDADFB75FD26B385" box="[603,668,1181,1206]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Iberia</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE8FF8AFD36FB76FCE9B385" box="[704,851,1181,1206]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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and southern Scandinavia and eastwards to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE8FF8AFAB4FB76FAC9B386" box="[1346,1395,1182,1205]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |