661 lines
82 KiB
XML
661 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="0E27AFC6B23F44C80448D40A01D66716" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFE1FF80FF61FE98FA26B347" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cynipidae" docType="key" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="457" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="456" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="42F38292926CC4E888D13B3A5C838652">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5869F2A90515CCE769CAF75FACC53ED1">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D277C7AF1CFD2C51E2A2CC4BCABE487F">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C9ED526DDCC7C8B13CB93F34583918F">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43CD6A0F643A6B2069725B09B836B366">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="968F3ECA3B421F70D4520AFDF8E3C165">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="A231FBFAD66561642F763CFFBC57E8C0">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFE1FF80FF61FE98FA26B347" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949843" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949843" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFE1FF80FF61FE98FA26B347" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFE1FF80FF61FE98FA26B347" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE1FF83FF61FE98FCE7B6BA" box="[151,861,367,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FE98FCE7B6BA" blockId="5.[151,861,367,394]" box="[151,861,367,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<heading id="7F418184FFE1FF83FF61FE98FCE7B6BA" bold="true" box="[151,861,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FF61FE98FCE7B6BA" bold="true" box="[151,861,367,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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Key to galls of Israeli oak
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FE2AFE98FDE7B6B9" ID-CoL="8VX" ID-ENA="73401" box="[476,605,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FD7DFE87FCE7B6BA" box="[651,861,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FD7DFE87FCE7B6BA" bold="true" box="[651,861,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Quercus boissieri</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FE5EFA21B6F8" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,438,459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FE5EFA21B6F8" box="[151,1435,438,459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">1. Bud galls............................................................................................ 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FE3BFA21B6DB" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,467,488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FE3BFA21B6DB" box="[151,1435,467,488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">- Leaf, acorn, or catkin gall.............................................................................. 18</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FE19FA21B510" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FE19FA21B535" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,497,518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FE19FA21B535" box="[151,1435,497,518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">2. Spherical gall with or without spines or protuberances........................................................ 9</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FDE6FA21B510" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,526,547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FDE6FA21B510" box="[151,1435,526,547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">- Gall not spherical..................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FDC3FA21B56D" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FDC3FA21B573" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,555,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FDC3FA21B573" box="[151,1435,555,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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3. Gall composed of several distinct, elongate or tapered lobes (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FCDCFDC3FC23B573" box="[810,921,555,576]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 11–16" captionStart-1="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId-0="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionStartId-1="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId-0="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId-1="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId-0="33" captionTargetPageId-1="34" captionText-0="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." captionText-1="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 15–17</figureCitation>
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)......................................... 4
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FDA1FA21B56D" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,585,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FDA1FA21B56D" box="[151,1435,585,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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- Gall not composed of distinct, elongate lobes (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FD69FDA1FD53B56D" box="[671,745,585,606]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FD05FDA1FC8BB56D" box="[755,817,585,606]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">23–26</figureCitation>
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).................................................. 5
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FD8EFA21B5E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FD8EFA26B5AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FD8EFA26B5AA" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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4. Irregularly shaped gall up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FE01FD8EFD80B548" box="[503,570,614,635]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, composed of long, tapered, delicate lobes of varying length, pale green when young, brown and woody when mature................
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCEFFD6CFB92B5AA" authority="(Hartig)" authorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[793,1064,644,665]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriarius">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCEFFD6CFC68B5AA" box="[793,978,644,665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus coriarius</emphasis>
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(Hartig)
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</taxonomicName>
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, asexual (fall) generation (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAD1FD6CFA2FB5AA" box="[1319,1429,644,665]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 15–16</figureCitation>
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)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FD49FA21B5E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FD49FA21B5E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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- Gall usually composed of 3 thick, widely splayed lobes...........................................................................................
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||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FD8BFD56FBEAB5E0" authority="Melika, Challis & Stone" authorityName="Melika, Challis & Stone" box="[637,1104,702,723]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriariformis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FD8BFD56FCE4B5E0" box="[637,862,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus coriariformis</emphasis>
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Melika, Challis & Stone
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</taxonomicName>
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, asexual (fall) generation (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB9FD56FA2FB5E0" box="[1359,1429,702,723]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FD34FA21B418" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FD34FA26B43D" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FD34FA26B43D" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
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5. Scaly, artichoke-like brown gall, up to
|
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FDA8FD34FD19B5C2" box="[606,675,732,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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wide and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FCFDFD34FCF5B5C2" box="[779,847,732,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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long, in apical buds. Tip of gall tightly closed when young, open when mature.............................
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FD0BFD11FB92B43D" authority="(Hartig)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" box="[765,1064,761,782]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foecundatrix">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FD0BFD11FC68B43D" box="[765,978,761,782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus foecundatrix</emphasis>
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(Hartig)
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</taxonomicName>
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, asexual (fall) generation (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAD1FD11FA2FB43D" box="[1319,1429,761,782]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 23–24</figureCitation>
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)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FCFEFA21B418" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,790,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FCFEFA21B418" box="[151,1435,790,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">- Gall different from above............................................................................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FCDCFA21B4B0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FCDCFA26B455" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FCDCFA26B455" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
6. Cylindrical, velvety, light brown gall in apical bud, narrowest at mid part.........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCDBFCB9FBEAB455" authority="(Trotter)" baseAuthorityName="Trotter" box="[813,1104,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCDBFCB9FC4FB455" box="[813,1013,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus tomentosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Trotter)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB9FCB9FA2FB455" box="[1359,1429,849,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FC86FA21B4B0" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,878,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FC86FA21B4B0" box="[151,1435,878,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FF61FC86FF25B4B0" box="[151,159,878,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">-</emphasis>
|
||
Gall different from above............................................................................... 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FC64FA21B4E8" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FC64FA2CB48D" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FC64FA2CB48D" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
7. Gall with very long and pointed, sometimes curved apex, widest basally. Brown and woody. Very rare.......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCA4FC41FB1AB48D" authority="(Fonscolombe)" baseAuthorityName="Fonscolombe" box="[850,1184,937,958]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCA4FC41FBB3B48D" box="[850,1033,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus solitarius</emphasis>
|
||
(Fonscolombe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FC2EFA21B4E8" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,966,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FC2EFA21B4E8" box="[151,1435,966,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">- Gall different from above............................................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FC0CFA26B362" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FC0CFA21B325" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FC0CFA21B325" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
8. Rigid, pentagon-shaped gall,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FDF7FC0CFDE4B4CA" box="[513,606,996,1017]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, composed of 5 velvety units. Green when young, brown when mature. Rare..........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCF0FBE9FBF5B325" authority="Melika" authorityName="Melika" box="[774,1103,1025,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCF0FBE9FBB8B325" box="[774,1026,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus megatruncicolus</emphasis>
|
||
Melika
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB9FBE9FA2FB325" box="[1359,1429,1025,1046]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FBF6FA26B362" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FBF6FA26B362" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FF61FBF6FF25B300" box="[151,159,1054,1075]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">-</emphasis>
|
||
Carambola-shaped gall, with 3–4 distinct longitudinal ridges,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FCC9FBF6FC2AB300" box="[831,912,1054,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FC27FBF6FB98B300" box="[977,1058,1054,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Green when young, pale brown when mature..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FC47FBD4FBB2B362" ID-CoL="VTL" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[945,1032,1084,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FC47FBD4FBB2B362" box="[945,1032,1084,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3, sexual (spring) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB9FBD4FA2FB362" box="[1359,1429,1084,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FBB1FA21B3B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FBB1FA21B35D" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1113,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FBB1FA21B35D" box="[151,1435,1113,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
9. Gall entirely composed of distinct lobes forming spherical structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FC83FBB1FC6CB35D" box="[885,982,1113,1134]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5–10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId-0="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox-0="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId-0="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetId-1="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." captionText-1="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................... 10
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FB9EFA21B3B8" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1142,1163]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FB9EFA21B3B8" box="[151,1435,1142,1163]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
- Gall is spiny or smooth sphere, not composed of discrete lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FCB1FB9EFC27B3B8" box="[839,925,1142,1163]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FC51FB9EFC5EB3B8" box="[935,996,1142,1163]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FC19FB9EFBEAB3B8" box="[1007,1104,1142,1163]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">18–20, 22</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................... 12
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FB7CFA21B3D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FB7CFA26B3F5" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FB7CFA26B3F5" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
10. Gall composed of short and thick, pyramidal lobes,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FD27FB7CFC82B39A" box="[721,824,1172,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, pinkish and spongy.............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCA3FB59FBEAB3F5" authority="(Muller)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" box="[853,1104,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtisii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCA3FB59FC4CB3F5" box="[853,1014,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus curtisii</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAA6FB59FA2EB3F5" box="[1360,1428,1201,1222]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FB26FA21B3D0" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1230,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FB26FA21B3D0" box="[151,1435,1230,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">- Gall composed of long tapered extensions................................................................. 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FB04FA26B26A" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FB04FA21B22D" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FB04FA21B22D" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
11. Gall up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FEB1FB04FEC4B232" box="[327,382,1260,1281]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, green to purple, sticky and flexible when young, light brown and woody when mature. On lower branches close to the ground..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FC93FAE1FBEAB22D" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[869,1104,1289,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FC93FAE1FBB9B22D" box="[869,1027,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB8FAE1FA2EB22D" box="[1358,1428,1289,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FACEFA26B26A" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FACEFA26B26A" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FF61FACEFF25B208" box="[151,159,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">-</emphasis>
|
||
Gall up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FEBCFACEFE34B208" box="[330,398,1318,1339]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with longitudinal ridges between lobes. Bright green and sticky when young, light brown and woody when mature.................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCCDFAACFBE1B26A" authority="Giraud" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[827,1115,1348,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCCDFAACFBB5B26A" box="[827,1039,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus grossulariae</emphasis>
|
||
Giraud
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAADFAACFA2FB26A" box="[1371,1429,1348,1369]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FA89FA21B282" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FA89FA26B2A0" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FA89FA26B2A0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
12. Irregularly spherical gall, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FDE6FA89FDE9B245" box="[528,595,1377,1398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, smooth, wrinkly, without spines or projections, pale brown.................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCA0FA96FB84B2A0" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[854,1086,1406,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCA0FA96FC49B2A0" box="[854,1011,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Biorhiza pallida</emphasis>
|
||
Olivier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual (spring) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB9FA96FA2FB2A0" box="[1359,1429,1406,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FA74FA21B282" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1436,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FA74FA21B282" box="[151,1435,1436,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">- Gall completely or partially covered by spines or projections.................................................. 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FA51FA21B2D8" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FA51FA21B2FD" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1465,1486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FA51FA21B2FD" box="[151,1435,1465,1486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">13. Projections or spines distributed uniformly on entire gall surface............................................... 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FA3EFA21B2D8" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FA3EFA21B2D8" box="[151,1435,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">- Projections or spines usually confined to specific part of gall, not covering entire surface............................ 15</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61FA1CFA26B14D" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61FA1CFA21B170" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61FA1CFA21B170" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
14. Gall more than
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FE8CFA1CFE05B13A" box="[378,447,1524,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, densely covered by brittle, slightly curved, thin and blunt spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FB02FA1CFA82B13A" box="[1268,1336,1524,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Shiny green and sticky when young, pale brown and woody when mature...............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FC95F9C6FBE6B170" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" box="[867,1116,1582,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FC95F9C6FBB5B170" box="[867,1039,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus cecconii</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAADF9C6FA2FB170" box="[1371,1429,1582,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F9A4FA26B14D" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61F9A4FA26B14D" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
- Gall usually much smaller, covered by straight, blunt, short spines, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FC50F9A4FC64B152" box="[934,990,1612,1633]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Light green or red and sticky when young, brown and woody when mature.....................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FC95F981FBE1B14D" authority="(Hartig)" authorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[867,1115,1641,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FC95F981FBBFB14D" box="[867,1029,1641,1662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus lucidus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hartig)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAADF981FA29B14D" box="[1371,1427,1641,1662]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61F96EFA21B18A" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F96EFA21B1A8" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1670,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61F96EFA21B1A8" box="[151,1435,1670,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
15. Big gall, more than
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FE56F96EFE59B1A8" box="[416,483,1670,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.................................................................... 16
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F94CFA21B18A" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1700,1721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61F94CFA21B18A" box="[151,1435,1700,1721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
- Smaller gall, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FE6EF94CFE61B18A" box="[408,475,1700,1721]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.................................................................... 17
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF83FF61F929FA26B078" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F929FA26B022" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61F929FA26B022" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
16. Gall up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FEB1F929FE30B1E5" box="[327,394,1729,1750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, bearing
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FDA1F929FD1CB1E5" box="[599,678,1729,1750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long projections, often joined by shallow ridges. Pale green when young, very pale brown and extremely hard when mature. Very common....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FDA2F914FBF5B022" authority="Bellido, Pujade-Villar & Melika" authorityName="Bellido, Pujade-Villar & Melika" box="[596,1103,1788,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternlichti">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FDA2F914FCA8B022" box="[596,786,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus sternlichti</emphasis>
|
||
Bellido, Pujade-Villar & Melika
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB8F914FA2EB022" box="[1358,1428,1788,1809]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F8F1FA26B078" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61F8F1FA26B078" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
- Gall of up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FE96F8F1FE18B01D" box="[352,418,1817,1838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with circle of tiny spines around widest part. Green, soft, fleshy and sticky when young, deep plum-like purple and rigid when mature..............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCF3F8DEFB92B078" authority="(Bosc)" authorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[773,1064,1846,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercustozae">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCF3F8DEFC65B078" box="[773,991,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus quercustozae</emphasis>
|
||
(Bosc)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAD1F8DEFA2FB078" box="[1319,1429,1846,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE1FF80FF61F8BCFA21B79F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F8BCFA26B0B5" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61F8BCFA26B0B5" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
17. Gall without stalk, with apical ‘crown’, resembling blueberry. On branch tips, mostly in clusters. Green when young, brown and very hard when mature.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FCBDF899FBF5B0B5" authority="(Graeffe)" baseAuthorityName="Graeffe" box="[843,1103,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moreae">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FCBDF899FC54B0B5" box="[843,1006,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus moreae</emphasis>
|
||
(Graeffe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB9F899FA2EB0B5" box="[1359,1428,1905,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F866FA21B0F2" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE1FF83FF61F866FA21B0F2" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
- Gall carried on long stalk, with very short apical projections up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE1FF83FCABF866FC1DB090" box="[861,935,1934,1955]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pale brown. Only on Mt. Hermon.......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE1FF83FC34F844FBA0B0F2" ID-CoL="VTL" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[962,1050,1964,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE1FF83FC34F844FBA0B0F2" box="[962,1050,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE1FF83FAB9F844FA2FB0F2" box="[1359,1429,1964,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="47AD2AE6FFE1FF83FF61F821FA21B0ED" box="[151,1435,1993,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE1FF83FF61F821FA21B0ED" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,2014]" box="[151,1435,1993,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">18. Acorn gall.......................................................................................... 19</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FF7FFA21B79F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,151,172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FF7FFA21B79F" box="[151,1435,151,172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Leaf or catkin gall.................................................................................... 20</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FF5DFA21B611" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FF5DFA26B7D4" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FF5DFA26B7D4" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
19. Gall densely covered by long, curved, tapered and branching spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FC32FF5DFBB0B7F9" box="[964,1034,181,202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Pink and sticky when young, pale brown and woody when old. Only on Mt. Hermon.....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCF7FF3AFBFAB7D4" authority="(Hartig)" authorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[769,1088,210,231]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caputmedusae">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCF7FF3AFC50B7D4" box="[769,1002,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Andricus caputmedusae</emphasis>
|
||
(Hartig)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAC9FF3AFA2FB7D4" box="[1343,1429,210,231]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[137,1416,199,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[137,1416,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FF07FA21B611" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FF07FA21B611" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
- Gall evenly covered by short spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FD8BFF07FD0FB637" box="[637,693,239,260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, green when young, very pale brown to white with purple spines when mature. Very rare......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCA1FEE5FBF5B611" authority="Melika" authorityName="Melika" box="[855,1103,269,290]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chodjaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCA1FEE5FBBBB611" box="[855,1025,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Andricus chodjaii</emphasis>
|
||
Melika
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FEE5FA2FB611" box="[1359,1429,269,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FEC2FA21B66F" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FEC2FA21B60C" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,298,319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FEC2FA21B60C" box="[151,1435,298,319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">20. Catkin gall.......................................................................................... 21</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FEAFFA21B66F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,327,348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FEAFFA21B66F" box="[151,1435,327,348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Leaf gall............................................................................................ 22</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FE8DFA26B6E1" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FE8DFA26B6A4" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FE8DFA26B6A4" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
21. Spherical gall, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE5EFE8DFE65B649" box="[424,479,357,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, fleshy, shiny, light green with purple ‘veins’.........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FD5BFE6AFB84B6A4" authority="(Linnaeus)" authorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[685,1086,386,407]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusbaccarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FD5BFE6AFC77B6A4" box="[685,973,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Neuroterus quercusbaccarum</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual (spring) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FE6AFA2FB6A4" box="[1359,1429,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FE77FA26B6E1" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FE77FA26B6E1" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
- Clustered galls, each
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE58FE77FE5FB687" box="[430,485,415,436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, light brown to yellow, densely covered by whitish, short, hairs...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FC46FE55FBBDB6E1" ID-CoL="VTL" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[944,1031,445,466]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FC46FE55FBBDB6E1" box="[944,1031,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2, sexual (spring) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FE55FA2FB6E1" box="[1359,1429,445,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FE32FA21B519" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FE32FA26B53F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FE32FA26B53F" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
22. Elongate gall,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE9BFE32FE73B6DC" box="[365,457,474,495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, usually with acute tip, soft and green when young, hard and reddish-brown when mature. Very rare; only on Mt. Hermon..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FC9BFE1FFBF7B53F" authority="Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" box="[877,1101,503,524]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FC9BFE1FFBB3B53F" box="[877,1033,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Cynips cornifex</emphasis>
|
||
Hartig
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FE1FFA2FB53F" box="[1359,1429,503,524]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FDFDFA21B519" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,533,554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FDFDFA21B519" box="[151,1435,533,554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Circular, spherical or ovoid galls......................................................................... 23</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FDDAFA21B5B1" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FDDAFA26B557" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FDDAFA26B557" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
23. Flat, blister-like gall between upper and lower epidermis of leaf,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FCB9FDDAFC3CB574" box="[847,902,562,583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, paler green than leaf.............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FD06FDA7FB84B557" authority="(Geoffroy)" authorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy in Fourcroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[752,1086,591,612]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="numismalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FD06FDA7FC74B557" box="[752,974,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Neuroterus numismalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Geoffroy)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual (spring) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FDA7FA2FB557" box="[1359,1429,591,612]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FD85FA21B5B1" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,621,642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FD85FA21B5B1" box="[151,1435,621,642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Gall on underside surface of leaf. Different from above....................................................... 24</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FD62FA21B5C4" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FD62FA21B5E9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FD62FA21B5E9" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
24. Small, ovoid gall attached to main leaf vein,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FD62FD62FD4CB5AC" box="[660,758,650,671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FC9AFD62FC1EB5AC" box="[876,932,650,671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, accompanied by two thin, leafy ‘wings’. Yellowish-green and shiny when young, with purple or red dots when mature.........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCEEFD2DFBF5B5E9" authority="(Curtis)" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" box="[792,1103,709,730]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCEEFD2DFC41B5E9" box="[792,1019,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Neuroterus anthracinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Curtis)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FD2DFA2FB5E9" box="[1359,1429,709,730]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FD0AFA21B5C4" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,738,759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FD0AFA21B5C4" box="[151,1435,738,759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Circular or spherical gall, different from above............................................................. 25</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FD17FA21B401" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FD17FA21B427" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,767,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FD17FA21B427" box="[151,1435,767,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
25. Gall is entire sphere, clustered or solitary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FD8EFD17FD5CB427" box="[632,742,767,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Figs 32–33</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................................... 26
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FCF5FA21B401" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,797,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FCF5FA21B401" box="[151,1435,797,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
- Gall is half sphere, ring-shaped or flat, usually in clusters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FCE4FCF5FC38B401" box="[786,898,797,818]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29–34" captionStart-1="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId-0="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionStartId-1="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId-0="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId-1="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId-0="36" captionTargetPageId-1="37" captionText-0="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." captionText-1="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Figs 34–36</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................................... 27
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FCD2FA2FB494" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FCD2FA26B45F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FCD2FA26B45F" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
26. Gall is fleshy, firm sphere,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE1DFCD2FDE9B47C" box="[491,595,826,847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, light green with white dots when young, yellowish with white dots when old, usually in clusters.................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCBDFCBFFBEAB45F" authority="(Fourcroy)" authorityName="Fourcroy" baseAuthorityName="Fourcroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[843,1104,855,876]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCBDFCBFFC65B45F" box="[843,991,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Cynips quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fourcroy)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FCBFFA2FB45F" box="[1359,1429,855,876]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FC9DFA2FB494" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FC9DFA2FB494" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
- Gall is crinkled sphere,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE33FC9DFDAEB4B9" box="[453,532,885,906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, green when young, light brown when old, not in clusters...........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FC77FC7AFBF0B494" authority="Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" box="[897,1098,914,935]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FC77FC7AFBB8B494" box="[897,1026,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Cynips divisa</emphasis>
|
||
Hartig
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FABFFC7AFA35B494" box="[1353,1423,914,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FC47FA26B4CC" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FC47FA21B4F7" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" box="[151,1435,943,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FC47FA21B4F7" box="[151,1435,943,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">27. Fleshy dome or doughnut-shaped gall.................................................................... 28</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FC25FA26B4CC" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FC25FA26B4CC" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
- Flat, thin gall, sometimes with raised margins, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FD2FFC25FCAAB4D1" box="[729,784,973,994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, usually in clusters. Pale green to dark pink or purple...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCD8FC02FBEAB4CC" authority="(Schenck)" baseAuthorityName="Schenck" box="[814,1104,1002,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCD8FC02FC5EB4CC" box="[814,996,1002,1023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Neuroterus albipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Schenck)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9FC02FA2FB4CC" box="[1359,1429,1002,1023]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–34" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1427,193,1659]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FBEFFA26B347" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FBEFFA26B309" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FBEFFA26B309" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
28. Dome-shaped gall,
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE6DFBEFFE68B32F" box="[411,466,1031,1052]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
high above leaf surface, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FD0FFBEFFC8AB32F" box="[761,816,1031,1052]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, pale green when young, with dark pink rim or completely pink when mature.......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FD0EFBCDFBAEB309" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[760,1044,1061,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusbaccarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FD0EFBCDFBAEB309" box="[760,1044,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Neuroterus quercusbaccarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAE0FBCDFA2FB309" box="[1302,1429,1061,1082]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Figs 35–36A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FBAAFA26B347" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FBAAFA26B347" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
- Doughnut-shaped gall, up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE0EFBAAFD95B364" box="[504,559,1090,1111]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
above leaf surface and
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FCE4FBAAFCF3B364" box="[786,841,1090,1111]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with central pit, silky brown....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCA8FBB7FB86B347" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy in Fourcroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[862,1084,1119,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="numismalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCA8FBB7FB86B347" box="[862,1084,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Neuroterus numismalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual (fall) generation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAC9FBB7FA2FB347" box="[1343,1429,1119,1140]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 36B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |