162 lines
24 KiB
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162 lines
24 KiB
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="291323" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.e109123" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1b0f9b0-f118-4ab6-a952-f95c7dbf7be8" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-159" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F035526DE1F54AB8BAB8035EAA23B60" ID-ZooBank="66166492B0A74887B51A42361B1C9FC2" ModsDocID="2193-0074-27-1-159" checkinTime="1711015370338" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cernansky, Andrej & Vasilyan, Davit" docDate="2024" docId="A3B04E7B60865EA79186EB300BCCDF07" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 27(1): 159-186" docOrigin="Fossil Record 27 (1)" docPubDate="2024-03-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.e109123" docTitle="Saniwa Leidy 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="5F035526DE1F54AB8BAB8035EAA23B60" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="5F035526DE1F54AB8BAB8035EAA23B60" masterDocTitle="Roots of the European Cenozoic ecosystems: lizards from the Paleocene (~ MP 5) of Walbeck in Germany" masterLastPageNumber="186" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1711015988306" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="858D8E1ADBD327A81286FF2E410A09F2">
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<mods:title id="EBA889BF8119BC4B2CD1DE18E87083C6">Roots of the European Cenozoic ecosystems: lizards from the Paleocene (~ MP 5) of Walbeck in Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="28CF0A250BA4599363296D67A7D5E483" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6C212838E1066007814585D63BC6751B">Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="44C83814465DB9943AA5942AF483F9AF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4766E5DD8D4176B659C02BCC6520FB0C">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="73F0717C9A2AD31E649E637AC53BA88F" type="email">cernansky.paleontology@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AB3EEB574E8F6D4614479CA3054AF266">Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="676A3F6A8BB1BAE12561BA29B6661B3E">JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="977733F1FBB18A36B9D5C890E4B85DB2">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="446085AB69848D64BBF088A767E3CE54">
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<mods:date id="40DDB9652A62E627F65136703E22A614">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E46401851255FB894899C15A96972B91" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="4E876A0249A07D45E8E38B940808F1B6">2024-03-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F587CDEF60D285E37E42DBF55DAE8AC3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="07F13F46054D2188C261B361897EF41B">27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="996A7A4116CAFCD4B37EA999C27919B9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A7231CC7AC9F50697860489647FEF5A0">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A5E28F1D8CA6BCE6CF89B4A791B77F85">159</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="0F124DA0AA4656B40D25F91AD89744D9">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.e109123</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6DD34A3D71A949834A301ED08731A5AB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4941AB6F88C02DD25EFCA8FBB53B879D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.e109123</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A3B04E7B60865EA79186EB300BCCDF07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3B04E7B60865EA79186EB300BCCDF07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3B04E7B60865EA79186EB300BCCDF07" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<subSubSection id="FAC1BC7FBDA10B88A63AE4CF27D0A50A" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F673B434915A9491A5E1440D86DAE626" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<taxonomicName id="8D5B41BE0E674162A9398237B3072B88" LSID="A3B04E7B-6086-5EA7-9186-EB300BCCDF07" authority="Oppel, 1811 (sensu Zheng & Wiens, 2016)" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1870" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea Oppel, 1811 (sensu Zheng & Wiens, 2016)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7093A12C7C1A53EB6D5BD030549D5C79" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="description">
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<paragraph id="27003B0A42C5A0A7D19716D7FACFFCCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<figureCitation id="AD0E6A3C1D15D7CC54B258D0724829E5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7.? Scincoidea indet. from the Paleocene Walbeck locality. Right maxilla MLU. GeoS. 4057 (A, B) and left maxilla MLU. GeoS. 4058 (C - H) in lateral (A, C), medial (B, D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views. Detail of teeth of MLU. GeoS. 4058 in medial (G) and ventromedial (H) views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e109123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006305" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="387348E6619CDA897035D76356F448A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3BEB0E38273F32FBDE269D8C2E81BD70" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<taxonomicName id="40E8D580247577AAD60DAC997638DB13" class="Squamata" family="Lacertidae" genus="Parasauromalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasauromalus paleocenicus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleocenicus">Parasauromalus paleocenicus</taxonomicName>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="DC3672879ECFCA5863B7564DBAAF95EC" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
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indet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EA817F884667F5336632202A8191A3BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="924676D8B9AE28DFA5B86D70C12A280A" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AFA26531A34C0B0CF5A9A011CF27365B" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">One right maxilla MLU.GeoS.4057, one left maxilla MLU.GeoS.4058.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06D41431AAEBA75E4481080A3F19D9DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8AA8D470F284561A9072C531A551B59E" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="526FA472347E2E52DCD6D8574F674C03" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="A652A029EF15C45F27216600F288AAE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="C563EEF3CDA6759CA1CC9548A85292D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Maxilla</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Two maxillae are preserved. The specimen MLU.GeoS.4057 is larger and represents a fragment of the right maxilla around the superior alveolar foramen (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="60ED792E32BAE7A517E47CB32940A993" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7.? Scincoidea indet. from the Paleocene Walbeck locality. Right maxilla MLU. GeoS. 4057 (A, B) and left maxilla MLU. GeoS. 4058 (C - H) in lateral (A, C), medial (B, D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views. Detail of teeth of MLU. GeoS. 4058 in medial (G) and ventromedial (H) views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e109123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006305" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">7A, B</figureCitation>
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). The anterior and posterior portions are broken off. The specimen possesses nine-and-a-half tooth positions (eight teeth are still attached). The lateral surface is eroded, but it can be estimated that the preserved portion was smooth. It is pierced by three supralabial foramina. The nasal process of the maxilla forms an almost perpendicular wall, although note that it is only partly preserved. It expands almost to the posterior end of the preserved portion of the bone. This posterior margin appears not to be stepped but gradually decreases posteriorly. In medial view, the supradental shelf is almost straight, only slightly expanded medially - however, it is heavily damaged. The superior alveolar opening is at the level of the sixth tooth position (counted from posterior). However, the exact number of teeth is unknown in this specimen due to the missing portions. Posterior to the opening, the bony dorsolateral wall is damaged, and thus, the area ventral to it, is exposed.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="AD7FE4347B8B42A0F35EC8FCA667C20E" doi="10.3897/fr.27.e109123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006305" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph id="E8E6E9E880012E85403C3DF451E1A891" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="8A3FDF2DFBFA0C42ABC7BDCEB64DA853" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4726CEB7D7785018740A8BF1F809BBE5" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
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indet. from the Paleocene Walbeck locality. Right maxilla MLU.GeoS.4057 (
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<emphasis id="CFCD67D2F6B5F1285121532B55179466" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="AB22E639E4D868BD2AAEB595DBEE05F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">B</emphasis>
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) and left maxilla MLU.GeoS.4058 (
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<emphasis id="3319221026022F99D6030817D754FE85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">C</emphasis>
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-
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<emphasis id="D29EDB719C046A33A46197AC5FA8605A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">H</emphasis>
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) in lateral (
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<emphasis id="E69C0329B1DC81496725B87E4864E10D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="7E7DCA9A380077FF1BF9A38E41AC696A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">C</emphasis>
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), medial (
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<emphasis id="E052A6BAB391F9AB5D81CD3F9302102C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">B</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="5F67C192E884E1DF027E3CD95765DF96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">D</emphasis>
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), dorsal (
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<emphasis id="5C5A98EE89341653E18FA43E2957BF54" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">E</emphasis>
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) and ventral (
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<emphasis id="560DF4241FF107B88410D66ABB95ED2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">F</emphasis>
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) views. Detail of teeth of MLU.GeoS.4058 in medial (
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<emphasis id="CAF7EE1A797913A5AEBAC282F177686E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">G</emphasis>
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) and ventromedial (
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<emphasis id="4AB18C00117B4F230B024879A844951D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">H</emphasis>
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) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="7FD53C514478F685E861139488FD255C" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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The specimen MLU.GeoS.4058 is smaller and slightly in overall better condition than 4057. It represents the left maxilla (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="2A6AA52654BEDC9200FB2667E8510883" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7.? Scincoidea indet. from the Paleocene Walbeck locality. Right maxilla MLU. GeoS. 4057 (A, B) and left maxilla MLU. GeoS. 4058 (C - H) in lateral (A, C), medial (B, D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views. Detail of teeth of MLU. GeoS. 4058 in medial (G) and ventromedial (H) views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e109123.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006305" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">7C-H</figureCitation>
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) around the region of the superior alveolar foramen, but here, the posterior region is preserved. The lateral surface is smooth. It is pierced by three supralabial foramina: the first anterior is located at the level of the seventh tooth position; the second is at the level of the sixth tooth position and the last posterior one lies at the level of the third tooth position (all counted from posterior). The first two are moderately large, whereas the posterior one is smaller. The dental crest is well-developed, reaching more-or-less the half the tooth height. Nine tooth positions are preserved (six teeth are still attached). The supradental shelf is only partly preserved, especially in the posterior section of the bone. The opening of the superior alveolar canal is located at the level of the sixth tooth position (counted from posterior). However, the anterodorsal margin of the bone, which demarcates the opening, appears to be partially damaged. Due to this, the original opening might be slightly more posteriorly located, approximately at the level between the fifth and sixth tooth positions. The further posterior region is well-excavated, forming a longitudinal depression. The nasal process is partly preserved. Only its ventral portion remained intact. Its posterior margin appears to be stepped, but this region is partly broken off. Thus, an actual outline is unknown. The posterior portion protrudes into a short and narrow posteroventral process. It is bluntly ended.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB925BE5A248B82F6957EAFFF0D5B8DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="032C7BC8CFB01D0B5718694911A9C20E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Dentition.</emphasis>
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The tooth implantation is pleurodont. The teeth are tall, although the posterior last ones are slightly smaller (the last and penultimate teeth in MLU.GeoS.4058). The teeth are robust; the robustness increases posteriorly. They are slightly inclined posteriorly, being closely spaced with small interdental gaps. The apices are more-or-less rounded and blunt rather than having a sharp and pointed appearance (although it should be noted that the sixth tooth in MLU.GeoS.4058 has a roughly triangular appearance). The tooth crowns in MLU.GeoS.4057 are eroded, and some preservational artefact makes crowns look more rounded (plausibly because of digestion). The tooth crowns in MLU.GeoS.4058 are fairly preserved. In this specimen, the lingual surface of the crown in these teeth is concave, being curved inwards, whereas the labial one is distinctly convex. The lingual aspect of the crown is bordered by the culmen lateris anterior and culmen lateris posterior. No apicobasal crown striation can be recognized. The tooth crowns possess labial and lingual cusps, being transversally bicuspid. Note that this morphology is less noticeable, possibly due to preservation (the enamel appears to be slightly eroded - as occurs, for example, when teeth pass through stomach acid). However, further structures on enamel, such as striae, would be also affected (see
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<bibRefCitation id="779B109847FA6D6D9E150419F921843F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92326-5" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" pagination=": 12877" refId="B116" refString="Smith, KT, Comay, O, Maul, L, Wegmueller, F, Le Tensorer, JM, Dayan, T, 2021. A model of digestive tooth corrosion in lizards: experimental tests and taphonomic implications. Scientific Reports 11 (1): 12877, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92326-5" title="A model of digestive tooth corrosion in lizards: experimental tests and taphonomic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92326-5" volume="11" year="2021">Smith et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). The labial cusps form a somewhat rounded labial edge. For this reason, the overall appearance of these teeth is blunt. These labial cusps are slightly bent inwards - lingually, which is well-visible mainly in the tooth at the sixth tooth position (counted from posterior). Most tooth crowns show some longitudinal asymmetry (the mesial portion is longer than the distal one). The lingual cusps are small and hardly recognizable. They appear to be framed by short, mesially and distally running cristae lingualis dominans anterior and posterior. The tooth bases are well-expanded medially relative to the rest of the tooth shafts. The bases are pierced by oval resorption pits. A few teeth have huge pits, reaching almost over the half of their length. This feature is probably related to an artefact of preservation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23EC17868FE81FBA006AC3E1CD43E314" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="039BC8943CB86C55B77836A510F3976B" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C03F989B2312900D43A054B0412B5C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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The material resembles mostly scincid, where the lingual cusp is usually framed by the broadly mesially and distally running cristae lingualis anterior and posterior rather than more-or-less vertical striae dominans anterior and posterior (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="CAA7CD3FE996C39268BEB431A2E1E4A5" author="Kosma, R" journalOrPublisher="dissertation, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" refId="B81" refString="Kosma, R, 2004. The dentitions of recent and fossil scincomorphan lizards (Lacertilia, Squamata). Systematics, functional morphology, paleoecology. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany" title="The dentitions of recent and fossil scincomorphan lizards (Lacertilia, Squamata). Systematics, functional morphology, paleoecology. Ph. D." year="2004">Kosma 2004</bibRefCitation>
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) - the presence of the lingual, well-separated cusp is more common among the cordylids than the scincids (
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<bibRefCitation id="8CDAFA8D9AC26DFD735E6F73502B03E9" author="Folie, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" pagination="542 - 546" refId="B54" refString="Folie, A, Sige, B, Smith, T, 2005. A new scincomorph lizard from the Palaeocene of Belgium and the origin of Scincoidea in Europe. Naturwissenschaften 92: 542 - 546" title="A new scincomorph lizard from the Palaeocene of Belgium and the origin of Scincoidea in Europe." volume="92" year="2005">Folie et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Transversely bicuspid teeth can be present in some gekkotans, e.g., eublepharids (
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<bibRefCitation id="E8ED3253945876295995F2C916FDCA6F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-438" author="Sumida, SS" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" pagination="2886 - 2892" refId="B117" refString="Sumida, SS, Murphy, RW, 1987. Form and function of the tooth crown structure in gekkonid lizards (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 2886 - 2892, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-438" title="Form and function of the tooth crown structure in gekkonid lizards (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-438" volume="65" year="1987">Sumida and Murphy 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). In contrast to the robust Walbeck specimens, gekkotans have lightly built skeletons, which reflects their rarity in the fossil record (
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<bibRefCitation id="2414D75891813552EC94003F166987C6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793103006134" author="Evans, SE" journalOrPublisher="Biological Reviews" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" pagination="513 - 551" refId="B52" refString="Evans, SE, 2003. At the feet of the dinosaurs: The origin, evolution and early diversification of squamate reptiles (Lepidosauria: Diapsida). Biological Reviews 78: 513 - 551, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793103006134" title="At the feet of the dinosaurs: The origin, evolution and early diversification of squamate reptiles (Lepidosauria: Diapsida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793103006134" volume="78" year="2003">Evans 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="802A25DE85C2FFF4460D384CB80FC843" author="Evans, SE" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Volume 20 (Morphology H, The skull of Lepidosauria). Ithaca (NY): Society for the Study of Reptiles and Amphibians" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 348" refId="B53" refString="Evans, SE, 2008. The skull of lizards and tuatara. In: Gans, C, Gaunt, AS, Adler, K, Eds., Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 20 (Morphology H, The skull of Lepidosauria). Ithaca (NY): Society for the Study of Reptiles and Amphibians: 1 - 348" title="The skull of lizards and tuatara." volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia." year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Transversely bicuspid teeth can be also present in teiids (in members of this group; in contrast to the Walbeck material, the teeth have extensive cementum depositions at tooth bases, see
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<bibRefCitation id="550EFC1609DFE46A67E92D1FE8801371" author="Estes, R" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" refId="B49" refString="Estes, R, 1983. Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch Der Palaeoherpetologie, Part 10A. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany" title="Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch Der Palaeoherpetologie, Part 10 A." year="1983">Estes 1983</bibRefCitation>
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) and polyglyphanodontids, but the lingual cusp is much better developed in these taxa than the small cusp of the Walbeck material and scincoideans (see
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<bibRefCitation id="F94EAFE14EE4D3D16DD53A23A6A55DEE" author="Nydam, RL" editor="Gillettem, DD" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication, 99 - 1, Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" pagination="303 - 317" refId="B94" refString="Nydam, RL, 1999. Polyglyphanodontinae (Squamata: Teiidae) from the medial and Late Cretaceous: New records from Utah, U.S.A. and Baja California del Norte, Mexico. In: Gillettem, DD, Ed., Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication, 99-1, Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City: 303 - 317" title="Polyglyphanodontinae (Squamata: Teiidae) from the medial and Late Cretaceous: New records from Utah, U. S. A. and Baja California del Norte, Mexico." volumeTitle="Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah." year="1999">Nydam 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). In lacertids, the lingual cusp, if present, is only weakly developed. Moreover, crown lacertids usually have bi- and tricuspid tooth crowns (
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<bibRefCitation id="0641C18ABEB605D34BDD0001E5C11107" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216191" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendus Palevol" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" refId="B25" refString="Cernansky, A, Syromyatnikova, EV, 2019. The first Miocene fossils of Lacerta cf. trilineata (Squamata, Lacertidae) with a comparative study of the main cranial osteological differences in green lizards and their relatives. PLOS ONE 14(8): e0216191. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216191" title="The first Miocene fossils of Lacerta cf. trilineata (Squamata, Lacertidae) with a comparative study of the main cranial osteological differences in green lizards and their relatives. PLOS ONE 14 (8): e 0216191." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216191" year="2019">
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<normalizedToken id="257AF896662E18A002E15A5E0FE2C624" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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and Syromyatnikova 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33E2C6583BCF0566898064B8EBC6BBC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
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We cannot be certain whether both Walbeck specimens belong to the same taxon (because true crown morphology is only known for the well-preserved one - MLU.GeoS.4058). In fact, some features do not support an allocation to a single taxon (the supralabial foramina appear to be much larger in the poorly preserved specimen MLU.GeoS.4057, teeth look a little bit more robust). However, these differences can be related to the level of preservation, ontogenetic and/or individual variability. In any case, we provisionally allocated both specimens together as?
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<taxonomicName id="80EE9933C40BD9AD24FE9E7F0BFB9A23" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
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indet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |