251 lines
32 KiB
XML
251 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="5B994676A32982712719E0FB4C59627C" ID-CLB-Dataset="39008" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23e20931-307e-416c-ab19-00d57933e67d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257053" ID-ZooBank="6EA59057-0E05-4AA5-8B84-327CBDB32E5B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464070337504" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2016" docId="A25D4D00D65B763F7BF3FDD77D08FC2B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4114.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4114 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Symplegma rubra Monniot C. 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="227" masterDocId="5E643578D64C76257B64FFF57E37FFE6" masterDocTitle="Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="245" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="224" updateTime="1698662596755" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EFBD85B0FD676DC4C43C11C824BF3FD1">Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D85C59C05A62604E953FCFDC46A9976F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B2C1D893E6E003AFCD34891123BFC8DA">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="80FD4D52BA11EC2C29E105B840C66574">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="00BFFC483108AB328E569FD3028425C6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7DC0F222F81C0A4F78C128E6D9A0C4E5">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="33C749F502A24D4E3F5C00CF5B41F48D">4114</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B5397C6727EC1E31386D5D5983338BCB">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="543B5599379DF1B90401EA96691BF4F9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A25D4D00D65B763F7BF3FDD77D08FC2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6068911" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120692791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6068911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A25D4D00D65B763F7BF3FDD77D08FC2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A25D4D00D65B763F7BF3FDD77D08FC2B" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD65B76327BF3FDD77FBDFD64" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BF3FDD77C78FDDA" blockId="23.[151,591,546,572]" box="[151,591,546,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<heading id="71034B7AD65B76327BF3FDD77C78FDDA" bold="true" box="[151,591,546,572]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65B76327BF3FDD77C78FDDA" authority="Monniot C., 1972" authorityName="Monniot C." authorityYear="1972" box="[151,591,546,572]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Symplegma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327BF3FDD77C78FDDA" bold="true" box="[151,591,546,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327BF3FDD77F59FDDA" bold="true" box="[151,366,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Symplegma rubra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65B76327A12FDD77C78FDDA" author="Monniot" box="[374,591,546,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refString="Monniot, C. (1972) Ascidies stolidobranches des Bermudes. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Series 3, 57 (Zoology 43), 613 - 643." type="journal article" year="1972">Monniot C., 1972</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BF3FD9C7FBDFD64" blockId="23.[151,1436,617,858]" box="[151,394,617,642]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327BF3FD9C7ECBFD64" bold="true" box="[151,252,617,642]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Stations.</emphasis>
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SR1; SD15.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD65B76327BA3FD787D26FBC0" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BA3FD787DF8FCBC" blockId="23.[151,1436,617,858]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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The most part of the
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65B76327ADCFD787C3EFD40" box="[440,521,653,678]" name="Guyana" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Guiana</collectingCountry>
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material is in poor condition and no coloration is retained. Most of the colonies encircle polychaete tubes.The zooid anatomy is that described from
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65B763278D3FD447A29FD2C" box="[951,1054,689,714]" name="Bermuda" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65B76327F55FD447AC8FD2C" author="Monniot" box="[1073,1279,689,714]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refString="Monniot, C. (1972) Ascidies stolidobranches des Bermudes. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Series 3, 57 (Zoology 43), 613 - 643." type="journal article" year="1972">Monniot C. 1972</bibRefCitation>
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). The gonads either male or female are located in different zooids. This species is recorded from diverse areas with variations in the number of stigmatal rows and stomach folds. In the western Atlantic it is known from
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65B76327FE0FD0C7B3CFCF4" box="[1156,1291,761,786]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65B76327E7DFD0C7ED7FCD0" author="Monniot" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refString="Monniot, C. (1983 b) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe. IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Series 4, 5 A (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="b">Monniot C. 1983b</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65B76327B9DFCE87F64FCD0" box="[249,339,797,822]" name="Jamaica" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65B76327A03FCE87C11FCD0" author="Goodbody" box="[359,550,797,822]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refString="Goodbody, I. (1993) The ascidian fauna of the Jamaican lagoon: Thirty years of change. Revista Biologia Tropical, Supplement 41 (1), 35 - 38." type="journal article" year="1993">Goodbody 1993</bibRefCitation>
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), Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65B763279C6FCE87CCFFCD0" box="[674,760,797,822]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65B7632786FFCE87DCDFCD0" author="Lambert" box="[779,1018,797,822]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refString="Lambert, G., Faulkes, Z, Lambert, C. C. & Scofield, V. L. (2005) Ascidians of South Padre Island, Texas, with a key to species. Texas Journal of Science, 57, 251 - 262." type="journal article" year="2005">Lambert et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65B76327F25FCE87AB2FCD0" box="[1089,1157,797,822]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65B76327FFDFCE87BA0FCD0" author="Rocha" box="[1177,1431,797,822]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refString="Rocha, R. M. & Costa, L. V. G. (2005) Ascidians (Urochordata: Ascidiacea) from Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologica, Porto Alegre, 95 (1), 57 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0073 - 47212005000100009" type="journal article" year="2005">Rocha & Costa 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65B76327BF3FCB47FBBFCBC" author="Rodrigues" box="[151,396,833,858]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refString="Rodrigues, S. A., Rocha, R. M. & Lotufo, T. M. (1998) Guia ilustrado para identificacao das Ascidias do estado de Sao Paulo. Parma Ltda ed, Sao Paulo, 190 pp." type="book" year="1998">
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Rodrigues
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327A75FCB77F7EFCBF" box="[273,329,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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). It is also present in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BF3FC577F46FC38" blockId="23.[151,492,930,990]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65B76327BF3FC577F91FC5A" box="[151,422,930,956]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327BF3FC577F91FC5A" bold="true" box="[151,422,930,956]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Cnemidocarpa captiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="03B39D7FD65B76327AC9FC567FDBFC5D" box="[429,492,931,955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327AC9FC567FDBFC5D" bold="true" box="[429,492,931,955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures: 18, 19, 20.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BF3FBF97D26FBC0" blockId="23.[151,1437,1036,2034]" box="[151,785,1036,1062]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327BF3FBF97ECBFBC3" bold="true" box="[151,252,1036,1061]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Stations.</emphasis>
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CP4395 (
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<typeStatus id="F54F42B4D65B76327A09FBFB7F90FBC0" box="[365,423,1038,1062]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Type</typeStatus>
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MNHN S1 CNE 238); CP4396.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD65B763F7BA3FBC47D08FC2B" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BA3FBC47A9FFBAC" blockId="23.[151,1437,1036,2034]" box="[199,1192,1073,1098]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327BA3FBC47F79FBAF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1073,1097]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Etymology.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65B76327A30FBC77F91FBAF" box="[340,422,1074,1097]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65B76327A30FBC77F91FBAF" box="[340,422,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">captiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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refers to the prison in the Iles du Salut which was formerly a prison.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BA3FBA37F2CFA30" blockId="23.[151,1437,1036,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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Most of the specimens are strongly attached on
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65B76327985FBA07D61FB88" box="[737,854,1109,1134]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pectinidae</taxonomicName>
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shells (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B763278C9FBA07DCAFB88" box="[941,1021,1109,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,177,1609]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. A, individuals on scallop shells; B, ventral side of 2 specimens, scale bar = 1 cm; C, stained branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257071/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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A) or some others on stones. Among
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<specimenCount id="3CF2379FD65B76327BF3FB8F7F07FB74" box="[151,304,1145,1170]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
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collected the largest are
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<quantity id="ED0C51F3D65B76327928FB8F7C4BFB74" box="[588,636,1146,1170]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="cm" value="2.0">2cm</quantity>
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in diameter. The body is hemispherical and brown; the siphons on the upper side are distant of 1/3 of the body width. The tunic is thick and corrugated superficially but thinner and colourless and a little expanded on the fixation surface. The body wall only adheres to the tunic by the siphons. It is colourless except on the siphons having 4 brown longitudinal lines. The reflex tunic inside the siphons bears acicular spinules (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B76327A00FAFC7F81FAC4" box="[356,438,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,743,765]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,721]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[150,1436,193,722]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. A, spinules on reflex tunic inside a siphon; B, spinules on siphon edge. Scale bars: A = 50 µm, B = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257073/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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A,B). The musculature forms a dense uniform coating of thin fibres on the whole body wall. The oral tentacles are numerous in 3 orders of size behind a velum. The prepharyngeal band curves dorsally to include the dorsal tubercle which opens anteriorly in a U. The dorsal lamina is a high blade increasing in height posteriorly. There are 4 low branchial folds on each side (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B7632784EFA807D4BFA68" box="[810,892,1397,1422]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,177,1609]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. A, individuals on scallop shells; B, ventral side of 2 specimens, scale bar = 1 cm; C, stained branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257071/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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C, 19A) not recovering each other and the most ventral one becomes thinner posterioly to almost disappear near the ventral line (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B76327F59FA6C7AA6FA54" box="[1085,1169,1433,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[192,1395,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. specimen stained with hemalum: A, branchial sac; B, body ventrally opened, branchial sac removed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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A). The formula in one specimen is
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BA3FA177D92FA1F" blockId="23.[151,1437,1036,2034]" box="[199,933,1505,1530]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">RE-4 (12) 4(14) 5 (12) 5 (15) 2 DL (17) 5 (13) 6 (12) 5 (10) 4 EL</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65B76327BA3F9F07F64F814" blockId="23.[151,1437,1036,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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There are 2 to3 long stigmata per mesh between the folds crossed by parastigmatic vessels except ventrally where the meshes are wider. The gut occupies the posterior part of the left side (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B76327F74F9DC7A57F9A4" box="[1040,1120,1577,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,177,1609]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. A, individuals on scallop shells; B, ventral side of 2 specimens, scale bar = 1 cm; C, stained branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257071/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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B,19B) It is closely attached to the body wall but not included in it. The oesophagus is narrow and curved. The stomach is long and spindle-like with internal folds and no caecum (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B7632794FF9847C48F96C" box="[555,639,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[192,1395,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. specimen stained with hemalum: A, branchial sac; B, body ventrally opened, branchial sac removed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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B). The intestine forms a closed long loop ending in a scalloped anus. There is one long gonad on each side (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B7632792AF9607C97F948" box="[590,672,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,177,1609]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. A, individuals on scallop shells; B, ventral side of 2 specimens, scale bar = 1 cm; C, stained branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257071/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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B,19B). (The left gonad was missing in one specimen). The gonads are made of a long sinuous ovary with one or few lateral branches of varied design in different zooids (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B76327E0BF94C7E83F910" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,177,1609]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. A, individuals on scallop shells; B, ventral side of 2 specimens, scale bar = 1 cm; C, stained branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257071/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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B,19B). The female papillae open near the atrial siphon; in one specimen the ovary has its extremity divided into 2 branches ending each ending in a separate papilla (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B76327994F8F47D73F8FC" box="[752,836,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[192,1395,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. specimen stained with hemalum: A, branchial sac; B, body ventrally opened, branchial sac removed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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B). The testis lobes form irregular masses of vesicles applied to the ovary but scattered along it. The sperm duct follows the ovary. The internal layer of the body wall is spotted with multiple clear vesicles. Numerous foliated endocarps are present on the body wall, not evenly distributed but in two groups: some around the gonads and the gut loop and some others gathered in the middle but dorsal part of each body side (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65B76327A93F8647C7BF84C" box="[503,588,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[192,1395,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. specimen stained with hemalum: A, branchial sac; B, body ventrally opened, branchial sac removed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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B). The entrance of the atrial aperture is fringed with a line of thread-like papillae in half circle posteriorly and extended dorsally in a loop up to the neural area. A large atrial velum closes the atrial siphon.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7E8BAC9ED654763D7BF3F9AB7FBDF975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257071/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" targetBox="[151,1436,184,1607]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D654763D7BF3F9AB7FBDF975" blockId="24.[151,1435,1630,1683]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7BF3F9AB7F28F995" bold="true" box="[151,287,1630,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7A41F9AB7C3AF992" box="[293,525,1630,1652]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7A41F9AB7C3AF992" box="[293,525,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Cnemidocarpa captiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="03B39D7FD654763D7977F9AA7C7BF992" box="[531,588,1631,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7977F9AA7C7BF992" bold="true" box="[531,588,1631,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A, individuals on scallop shells; B, ventral side of 2 specimens, scale bar =1cm; C, stained branchial tissue.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D654763D7BA3F94F7C97F815" blockId="24.[151,1437,1722,2035]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
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The deep and tropical
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7AB7F94F7CE0F934" box="[467,727,1722,1746]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7AB7F94F7CE0F934" box="[467,727,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Cnemidocarpa captiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="03B39D7FD654763D7986F94F7D12F934" box="[738,805,1722,1746]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7986F94F7D12F934" bold="true" box="[738,805,1722,1746]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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has a surprising likeness to two other
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7F91F94F7BACF934" box="[1269,1435,1722,1746]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7F91F94F7BACF934" box="[1269,1435,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Cnemidocarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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recorded from the
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D654763D7A0CF92B7FE2F911" box="[360,469,1758,1783]" name="Antarctica" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7ABBF92A7D71F911" authority="Hartmeyer, 1911" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1911" box="[479,838,1758,1783]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drygalskii">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7ABBF92A7C47F910" box="[479,624,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">C. drygalskii</emphasis>
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(Hartmeyer, 1911)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7819F92A7B2BF911" authority="Michaelsen, 1898" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1898" box="[893,1308,1758,1783]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nordenskjoldi">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7819F92A7A0FF910" box="[893,1080,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">C. nordenskjoldi</emphasis>
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(Michaelsen, 1898)
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</taxonomicName>
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. These two species only differ from each other by the orientation of the gut loop parallel to the endostyle in the former and crossing the ventral line in the later. They have in common with
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D78EEF8D27A37F8D8" box="[906,1024,1831,1854]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D78EEF8D27A37F8D8" box="[906,1024,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">C. captiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the dome shaped body, 4 branchial folds/side, a single very long sinuous gonad on each side and a closed gut loop with a long stomach.
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7E43F8BE7BABF884" box="[1319,1436,1867,1890]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7E43F8BE7BABF884" box="[1319,1436,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">C. captiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from both
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D654763D7A0DF89B7FE6F861" box="[361,465,1902,1927]" name="Antarctica" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
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species by the number and arrangement of the endocarps, an important distinctive character among the
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7AE6F8677FDAF84D" box="[386,493,1938,1963]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Styelidae</taxonomicName>
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. As in
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7958F8667D7FF84C" box="[572,840,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7958F8667CFBF84C" box="[572,716,1938,1962]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drygalskii">C. drygalskii</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D79B0F8667D7FF84C" box="[724,840,1939,1962]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva">C. captiva</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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has the gut entirely on the left side but differs by the absence of a stomach caecum and its dorsal lamina is smooth.
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D654763D7800F8427A28F828" box="[868,1055,1974,1998]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nordenskjoldi">
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<emphasis id="18802004D654763D7800F8427A28F828" box="[868,1055,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">C. nordenskjoldi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only one having numerous cloacal tentacules over the whole atrial velum.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7E8BAC9ED655763C7BF3F8547FB5F830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257072/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" targetBox="[192,1395,193,1931]" targetPageId="25">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D655763C7BF3F8547FB5F830" blockId="25.[151,1436,1953,2006]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="18802004D655763C7BF3F8547F14F850" bold="true" box="[151,291,1953,1975]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D655763C7A49F8547C2EF851" box="[301,537,1953,1975]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="18802004D655763C7A49F8547C2EF851" box="[301,537,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Cnemidocarpa captiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="18802004D655763C7947F8577C57F851" bold="true" box="[547,608,1954,1975]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03B39D7FD655763C7947F8577C57F851" box="[547,608,1954,1975]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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specimen stained with hemalum: A, branchial sac; B, body ventrally opened, branchial sac removed.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="7E8BAC9ED656763F7BF3FD127F43FCFD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257073/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" targetBox="[150,1436,193,721]" targetPageId="26">
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|
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D656763F7BF3FD127F43FCFD" blockId="26.[151,1437,743,795]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="18802004D656763F7BF3FD127F17FD1A" bold="true" box="[151,288,743,765]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D656763F7A42FD127C39FD1B" box="[294,526,743,765]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="18802004D656763F7A42FD127C39FD1B" box="[294,526,743,765]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Cnemidocarpa captiva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03B39D7FD656763F7970FD127C79FD1A" box="[532,590,743,764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="18802004D656763F7970FD127C79FD1A" bold="true" box="[532,590,743,764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">n. sp.</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
A, spinules on reflex tunic inside a siphon; B, spinules on siphon edge. Scale bars: A=50 µm, B= 20 µm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D656763F7BA3FCBD7D08FC2B" blockId="26.[151,1436,840,973]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
|
The choice to include the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D656763F7A9BFCBD7C67FC87" box="[511,592,840,865]" name="Guyana" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
|
species into the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D656763F780EFCBD7A26FC86" box="[874,1041,840,864]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="18802004D656763F780EFCBD7A26FC86" box="[874,1041,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Cnemidocarpa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
instead of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D656763F7FFEFCBD7AE9FC86" box="[1178,1246,840,864]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="18802004D656763F7FFEFCBD7AE9FC86" box="[1178,1246,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Styela</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is based on the relative position of the male and female elements in the gonads. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D656763F78E2FC987DFDFC63" box="[902,970,877,901]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="18802004D656763F78E2FC987DFDFC63" box="[902,970,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Styela</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the testis lobes are at some distance from the ovary and only the sperm ducts join to it but in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D656763F79BEFC657DB7FC4E" box="[730,896,912,936]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="18802004D656763F79BEFC657DB7FC4E" box="[730,896,912,936]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Cnemidocarpa</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
the testis is included in the membrane covering the ovary. This distinction is sometimes difficult to interpret.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |