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<mods:title id="D56C253D29D3220AB0A683DE5F56F940">Notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) from China (VII): new synonyms and imperfectly known species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A639E7C770A25C311B05ECBC51EF62F3">Jin, Shui-Hu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C662F669C9FCD61D18B96FD5B484226">Lu, Yi-Fei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A82E49B9B6C2B34F22BC08598A0C4089">Chen, Wei-Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="44C2EF81AB79D2242D10BD44B108CFA0">State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions / School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A &amp; F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, Peoples Republic of China. &amp; cwj 86948968 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5186 - 0279</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8FF85D95ADBB3692A89B3AE0E2DB746F">Jin, Xiao-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0540D2D8DDF7DBD8BE271C47820A4BA2">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="7123D92AFF981E25FF1A2DD5FC6BFB2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5851131" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192131290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5851131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7123D92AFF981E25FF1A2DD5FC6BFB2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7123D92AFF981E25FF1A2DD5FC6BFB2B" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="B1903BB7FF981E25FF1A2DD5FDC9F8CC" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F935683CFF981E25FF1A2DD5FDC9F8CC" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FF1A2DD5FDF1F8A0" ID-CoL="RBJW" authority="Franchet (1895: 51)" authorityName="Franchet" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1895" box="[136,542,159,181]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhynchophora">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FF1A2DD5FEB8F8A0" bold="true" box="[136,343,159,181]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Carex rhynchophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B15CDFF981E25FECF2DD5FDF1F8A0" author="Franchet, A." box="[349,542,159,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" pagination="27 - 53" refId="ref5125" refString="Franchet, A. (1895) De Carex nouveaux pour la flore de l'Asie orientale. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris ser 8, 7: 27 - 53." type="journal article" year="1895">Franchet (1895: 51)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type:—
<collectingCountry id="819D28ACFF981E25FDE42DD5FD2AF8A1" box="[630,709,159,180]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">CHINA</collectingCountry>
. Sutchuen [
<collectingRegion id="3B4EA6DEFF981E25FCA02DD4FC69F8A1" box="[818,902,158,180]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
], Tchen-kéou-tin [Chengkou],
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FB3E2DEAFAACF8A0" box="[1196,1347,160,181]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="547F0DEAFF981E25FB3E2DEAFAF4F8A0" box="[1196,1307,160,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">R.P. Farges</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="2631D69EFF981E25FADD2DD5FA47F8A0" box="[1359,1448,159,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: P-00294737!; isotype: P-00294738!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1903BB7FF981E25FF1A2DA2FBDCF935" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F935683CFF981E25FF1A2DA2FBDCF935" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
=
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FF042DADFD24F8E8" ID-CoL="5XB44" authority="H. Lev. &amp; Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot." box="[150,715,231,253]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FF042DADFEF4F8E8" box="[150,283,231,253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Carex martini</emphasis>
H. Lév. &amp; Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot.
</taxonomicName>
sér. 3, 11(148): 57. 1902.
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FC2F2DADFBFDF8E9" bold="true" box="[957,1042,231,252]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">syn. nov.</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="105410B0FF981E25FB842DADFBA7F8E9" box="[1046,1096,231,252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="819D28ACFF981E25FBF72DADFB5BF8E9" box="[1125,1204,231,252]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="1951F246FF981E25FB292DADFAD0F8E8" box="[1211,1343,231,253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Kouy-Tchéou</collectingMunicipality>
[
<collectingRegion id="3B4EA6DEFF981E25FADA2DACFA4DF8E9" box="[1352,1442,230,252]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
],
<location id="FC553EE7FF981E25FF2F2C46FEC6F934" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7123D92AFF981E25FF1A2DD5FC6BFB2B:FC553EE7FF981E25FF2F2C46FEC6F934" box="[189,297,268,289]" country="China" county="Type" municipality="Kouy-Tcheou" name="Kouy-yang" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Guizhou">Kouy-yang</location>
[Guiyang],
<date id="8D344EFCFF981E25FE0C2C41FDCFF935" box="[414,544,267,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" value="1898-05-15">
<collectingDate id="9D70B714FF981E25FE0C2C41FDCFF935" box="[414,544,267,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" value="1898-05-15">15 May 1898</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FDB82C41FD50F935" box="[554,703,267,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="547F0DEAFF981E25FDB82C41FD66F934" box="[554,649,267,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">C. Martin</collectorName>
2106
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="2631D69EFF981E25FD592C41FCCBF934" box="[715,804,267,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: P-00285374!, photo in K!].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1903BB7FF981E25FF1A2C1AFC6BFB2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F935683CFF981E25FF1A2C1AFB69F9EF" blockId="4.[136,1452,335,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
In our revision of sect.
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FE182C05FDC5F97C" box="[394,554,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Rhomboidales</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B15CDFF981E25FDA22C05FCC0F97F" author="Kukenthal, G." box="[560,815,335,362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 824" refId="ref6218" refString="Kukenthal, G. (1909) Cyperaceae-Caricoideae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich (IV) vol. 20. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1909">Kükenthal (1909: 622)</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B15CDFF981E25FCAF2C05FBE3F97F" author="Jin, X. F. &amp; Zheng, C. Z." box="[829,1036,335,362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refId="ref6094" refString="Jin, X. F. &amp; Zheng, C. Z. (2013) Taxonomy of Carex sect. Rhomboidales (Cyperaceae). Science Press, Beijing." type="book" year="2013">Jin &amp; Zheng 2013</bibRefCitation>
), the name
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FB192C1AFE8AF99B" authority="H. Leveille &amp; Vaniot (1902: 57" authorityName="H. Leveille &amp; Vaniot" authorityYear="1902" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FB192C1AFAC8F97C" box="[1163,1319,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Carex martini</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B15CDFF981E25FAC22C05FE8AF99B" author="Leveille, H. &amp; Vaniot, E." pageId="4" pageNumber="58" pagination="57 - 74" refId="ref6331" refString="Leveille, H. &amp; Vaniot, E. (1902) Carex de Chine. Bulletin de l'Academie Internationale de Geographie Botanique 11 (148): 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1902">Léveillé &amp; Vaniot (1902: 57</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, not treated by Roalson
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FDEA2C3EFD5EF998" box="[632,689,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2021) was treated as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FBDA2C3EFF5AF9A7" authority="C. B. Clarke (1904: 310" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" authorityYear="1904" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FBDA2C3EFB21F998" box="[1096,1230,371,398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">C. simulans</emphasis>
C.B.
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B15CDFF981E25FA822C39FF5AF9A7" author="Clarke, C. B." pageId="4" pageNumber="58" pagination="202 - 319" refId="ref4841" refString="Clarke, C. B. (1904) An enumeration of all the plants known from China proper, Formosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and Island of Hongkong, and their distribution and synonymy (Cyperaceae). Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 36: 202 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1904. tb 00654. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Clarke (1904: 310</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, placed in sect.
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FEFF2CDDFDE2F9A4" box="[365,525,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Rhomboidales</emphasis>
in Roalson
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FD0B2CD2FD3CF9A4" box="[665,723,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2021), mainly based on a photo of
<typeStatus id="2631D69EFF981E25FBFF2CDDFB20F9A4" box="[1133,1231,407,433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in K (
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B15CDFF981E25FA882CDDFF2AF9C3" author="Jin, X. F. &amp; Zheng, C. Z." pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refId="ref6094" refString="Jin, X. F. &amp; Zheng, C. Z. (2013) Taxonomy of Carex sect. Rhomboidales (Cyperaceae). Science Press, Beijing." type="book" year="2013">Jin &amp; Zheng 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the general morphology,
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FDC82CF6FD19F9C0" authorityName="H. Leveille &amp; Vaniot" authorityYear="1902" box="[602,758,444,470]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FDC82CF6FD19F9C0" box="[602,758,444,470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Carex martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FC962CF6FC67F9C0" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" authorityYear="1904" box="[772,904,443,470]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FC962CF6FC67F9C0" box="[772,904,443,470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">C. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FC2E2CF6FAB8F9C3" authority="Franchet (1895: 51" authorityName="Franchet" authorityYear="1895" box="[956,1367,443,470]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhynchophora">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FC2E2CF6FB95F9C0" box="[956,1146,443,470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">C. rhynchophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B15CDFF981E25FB132CF1FAB8F9C3" author="Franchet, A." box="[1153,1367,443,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" pagination="27 - 53" refId="ref5125" refString="Franchet, A. (1895) De Carex nouveaux pour la flore de l'Asie orientale. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris ser 8, 7: 27 - 53." type="journal article" year="1895">Franchet (1895: 51</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, placed in sect.
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FF4C2C95FE91F9EC" box="[222,382,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Rhomboidales</emphasis>
in Roalson
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FD972CAAFDD2F9EC" box="[517,573,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2021) are indeed similar to each another (
<figureCitation id="61B174B9FF981E25FB842C95FB97F9EF" box="[1046,1144,479,506]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,851,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-335@4.[151,1436,851,1788]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Types of Carex rhynchophora, C. martini and C. simulans. (A): holotype of C. rhynchophora in P, (B) utricle of C. rhynchophora, (C) nutlet of C. rhynchophora, (D): holotype of C. martini in P, (E) utricle of C. martini, (F) nutlet of C. martini, (G): lectotype of C. simulans in K, (H) utricle of C. simulans, (I) nutlet of C. simulans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5843525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5843525/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F935683CFF981E25FF2F2F4EFC6BFB2B" blockId="4.[136,1452,335,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
In
<date id="8D344EFCFF981E25FF492F4EFE9FFA08" box="[219,368,515,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" value="2016-08">August 2016</date>
, the senior author (XF Jin) carried out a second visit to the Paris Natural History Museum, and found the
<typeStatus id="2631D69EFF981E25FF6E2F6DFEB1FA54" box="[252,350,551,577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FE172F62FDCDFA54" authorityName="H. Leveille &amp; Vaniot" authorityYear="1902" box="[389,546,552,578]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FE172F62FDCDFA54" box="[389,546,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Carex martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The utricles of this specimen are glabrous, with the beak margin scabrous, and the nutlets are rhombic-ovoid, with 3 angles constricted at middle, and sides concave above and below (
<figureCitation id="61B174B9FF981E25FB6F2F01FAB0FA73" box="[1277,1375,587,614]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,851,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-335@4.[151,1436,851,1788]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Types of Carex rhynchophora, C. martini and C. simulans. (A): holotype of C. rhynchophora in P, (B) utricle of C. rhynchophora, (C) nutlet of C. rhynchophora, (D): holotype of C. martini in P, (E) utricle of C. martini, (F) nutlet of C. martini, (G): lectotype of C. simulans in K, (H) utricle of C. simulans, (I) nutlet of C. simulans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5843525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5843525/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Figure 5</figureCitation>
: DF).
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FF1A2F3AFE9EFA9C" authorityName="Franchet" authorityYear="1895" box="[136,369,623,650]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhynchophora">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FF1A2F3AFE9EFA9C" box="[136,369,623,650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Carex rhynchophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, displays utricles ranging from glabrous to rarely sparsely pubescent (e.g.
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FB292F3AFADCFA9F" box="[1211,1331,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
Y.J. Li
<quantity id="3E72C5D9FF981E25FA9B2F3AFADCFA9F" box="[1289,1331,624,650]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.00914" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="791.0">791</quantity>
</emphasis>
in CDBI!,
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FF1A2FDEFED7FABB" box="[136,312,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
anonymous
<quantity id="3E72C5D9FF981E25FE9C2FDEFED7FABB" box="[270,312,660,686]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9568" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="392.0">392</quantity>
</emphasis>
in CDBI!), with the beak margin scabrous, and the nutlets are rhombic-ovoid, with 3 angles shallowly constricted at middle, rarely markedly constricted (e.g.
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FC902FF2FC5DFAC7" box="[770,946,695,722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">
S.Y. Chang
<quantity id="3E72C5D9FF981E25FC1A2FF2FC5DFAC7" box="[904,946,696,722]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3019999999999996" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="130.0">130</quantity>
</emphasis>
in HHBG! &amp; PE!,
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L. Hong
<quantity id="3E72C5D9FF981E25FB682FF2FACBFAC7" box="[1274,1316,696,722]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1938" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="470.0">470</quantity>
</emphasis>
in HHBG!,
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S
<collectingRegion id="3B4EA6DEFF981E25FF0C2F91FF12FAE0" box="[158,253,731,757]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
Exped.
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</emphasis>
in PE!), and sides concave above and below. On the contrary, in
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FBFD2F96FB1AFAE0" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" authorityYear="1904" box="[1135,1269,731,758]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FBFD2F96FB1AFAE0" box="[1135,1269,731,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">C. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the utricles are glabrous, and the nutlets are obovoid, with 3 angles not constricted at middle, and sides concave below. Consequently,
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FF1A2E6EFECBFB28" authorityName="H. Leveille &amp; Vaniot" authorityYear="1902" box="[136,292,804,830]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FF1A2E6EFECBFB28" box="[136,292,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">Carex martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is correctly placed as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="3E8A13BFFF981E25FD2C2E6EFC92FB28" authorityName="Franchet" authorityYear="1895" box="[702,893,803,830]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhynchophora">
<emphasis id="CBFEB42EFF981E25FD2C2E6EFC92FB28" box="[702,893,803,830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="58">C. rhynchophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>