328 lines
40 KiB
XML
328 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77176672-46b6-4038-94bc-19d42179a207" ID-PMC="PMC3088040" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-74-1" ID-PubMed="21594135" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-74-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 74" ModsDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia’s Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" checkinTime="1451250850120" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Loughman, Zachary J. & Simon, Thomas P." docDate="2011" docId="47545C7167C4F3EA1AC6DB16A163BEB2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 74: 1-78" docOrigin="ZooKeys 74" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" docTitle="Cambarus ((Tubericambarus)) thomai Jezerinac 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="6864053DFFF0FFA5B11CFFA0557B1B45" masterDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1668165538016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Loughman, Zachary J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Thomas P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-74-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47545C7167C4F3EA1AC6DB16A163BEB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47545C7167C4F3EA1AC6DB16A163BEB2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jezerinac, 1993" authorityName="Jezerinac" authorityYear="1993" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus ((Tubericambarus)) thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai" subGenus="(Tubericambarus)">Cambarus (Tubericambarus) thomai Jezerinac, 1993</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus diogenes" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes">Cambarus diogenes</taxonomicName>
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Girard 1852:88 [in part].
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<bibRefCitation pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Williamson 1899</bibRefCitation>
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:48 [in part]. Ortmann 1905:398 [in part].
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<bibRefCitation author="Newcombe, CL" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="267 - 288" title="The crayfishes of West Virginia." volume="29" year="1929">Newcombe 1929</bibRefCitation>
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:286.
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<bibRefCitation author="Rhoades, R" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="111 - 149" title="The crayfishes of Kentucky with notes on variation, distribution, and descriptions of new species and subspecies." volume="31" year="1944 a">Rhoades 1944a</bibRefCitation>
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:146 [in part];
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<bibRefCitation author="Rhoades, R" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="95 - 99" title="Further studies on the distribution and taxonomy of Ohio crayfishes and the description of a new subspecies." volume="44" year="1944 b">1944b</bibRefCitation>
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:98 [in part].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus diogenes subsp. diogenes" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diogenes" subSpecies="diogenes">Cambarus diogenes diogenes</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hay, WP" journalOrPublisher="North American Naturalist" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="957 - 966" title="Synopsis of North American invertebrates. VI. The Astacidae of North America." volume="33" year="1899">Hay 1899</bibRefCitation>
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:959 [in part].
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<bibRefCitation author="Marlow, G" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="229 - 250" title="The subspecies of Cambarus diogenes." volume="64" year="1960">Marlow 1960</bibRefCitation>
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:233.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Bartonius) diogenes" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes" subGenus="Bartonius">Cambarus (Bartonius) diogenes</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="343 - 523" title="The crawfishes of the state of Pennsylvania." volume="2" year="1906">Ortmann 1906</bibRefCitation>
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:402.
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<bibRefCitation author="Turner, CL" journalOrPublisher="Biological Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="35 - 54" title="A new field method of investigating the hydrotropisms of freshwater invertebrates." volume="46" year="1926">Turner 1926</bibRefCitation>
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:168 [in part].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes subsp. diogenes" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diogenes" subGenus="Lacunicambarus" subSpecies="diogenes">Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes diogenes</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." editor="Holt, PC" journalOrPublisher="Virginia Polytechnic Institution, Blacksburg, Virginia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="93 - 179" title="On the distribution and phylogeny of the crayfish genus Cambarus" volumeTitle="The distributional history of the biota of the southern Appalachians. Part I: Invertebrates. Research Division Monograph 1" year="1969">Hobbs 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 110 [in part].
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<bibRefCitation author="Bouchard, RW" journalOrPublisher="University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="A contribution towards the knowledge of Tennessee crayfish. Doctoral Dissertation." year="1972">Bouchard 1972</bibRefCitation>
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:56 [in part], 1975:595 [in part]. Lawton 1979:47.
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<bibRefCitation author="Thoma, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="136 - 138" title="New distributional records of crayfishes (Cambarus and Fallicambarus) from Ohio, including a new subspecies." volume="82" year="1982">Thoma and Jezerinac 1982</bibRefCitation>
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:136. Jezerinac and Thoma 1984:123.
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<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" title="On the two forms of Cambarus diogenes in Ohio" volume="85" year="1985">Jezerinac 1985</bibRefCitation>
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:7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes" subGenus="Lacunicambarus">Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" title="On the two forms of Cambarus diogenes in Ohio" volume="85" year="1985">Jezerinac 1985</bibRefCitation>
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:7.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 236" title="An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae)." volume="480" year="1989">Hobbs 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 24, fig. 88.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Tubericambarus) thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai" subGenus="Tubericambarus">Cambarus (Tubericambarus) thomai</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society Washington" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="532 - 544" title="A new subgenus and new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of the genus Cambarus, with an amended description of the subgenus Lacunicambarus." volume="106" year="1993">Jezerinac 1993</bibRefCitation>
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:532, fig. 4.
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<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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:172-179, fig. 84
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
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84h.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" title="Crayfishes of Kentucky" volume="28" year="2004">Taylor and Schuster 2004</bibRefCitation>
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:121-123, figs. 92, 93
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–">A-</normalizedToken>
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93H. Loughman 2010:46-50, fig. 12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="25 - 38" title="Conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada." volume="21" year="1996">Taylor et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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:29.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="372 - 389" title="A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada after 10 + years of increased awareness." volume="32" year="2007">Taylor et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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:383.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Rostrum slightly broad, margins converging to form acumen terminating in single reduced, upturned tubercle; postorbital ridges reduced, rarely terminating in small tubercle; cephalothorax dorsolaterally compressed in profile and vaulted; areola obliterated; branchiostegal region devoid of tubercles; chelae robust and diamond shaped; mesial surface of palm with disorganized prominent tubercles, mesialmost tubercles serrate; basiodactyl row consisting of 5-9 reduced rounded tubercles; first form male gonopods contiguous, with 2 terminal elements bent 90° to the shaft; central projection truncated distally and lacking sub-apical notch; total length of central projection equal to mesial process length; mesial process short, truncating distally; second form gonopod non-corneous and blunt; annulus ventralis rhomboid in shape with deep
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“S”">"S"</normalizedToken>
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shaped sinus, embedded shallowly in sternum, and movable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="color in life">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Color in life.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Carapace dorsally brown, light green, olive, light blue, or blue grey; rostrum margins orange or red; chelae body light green, light brown, or blue; propodus light blue or light green; dactyl and propodus denticles cream or yellow; pereiopods tan, light green, cream, or gray; abdomen body light green, light blue gray or brown; tubercles covering chelae light yellow, cream, or orange; two light dorsal stripes present on dorsal surface of abdomen; ventral surface cream or white.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
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were collected from eight counties at 26 localities, listed below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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CABELL COUNTY: Green Bottom Swamp at Hoeft Marsh Wildlife Management Area, 38.58616 N / 82.24878 W; 2 April 2009 - (WLU 09040201), 2 I♂. HANCOCK COUNTY: Tomlinson Run backwater at RT 2 crossing, 40.54026 -80.628075; 30 March 2006 - (WLU 06033001), 3 I♂. JACKSON COUNTY:
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Flooded</pageBreakToken>
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field adjacent to RT 33 S, 9.72 air km (6.04 mi) N of Ravenswood, 39.04274 -81.7827; 18 March 2005 - (WLU 05031803), 7 I♂, 3 O♀. Vernal pool complex adjacent to railroad tracks 3.56 km (2.21 mi) N of Ravenswood, 39.09015 -81.79469; 3 April 2005 - (WLU 05040302), 3 I♂, 1 II♂. MASON COUNTY: Ditch adjacent to RT 2 N, 1.77 km (1.10 mi) N of Rt 2 railroad crossing in Ashton, 38.63165 -82.16464; 18 March 2005 - (WLU 05031805), 3 I♂, 1 II♂. Krodel Park marsh adjacent to Fort Randolph reproduction, 38.785404 -82.12209; 5 March 2005 - (WLU 05030502), 4 I♂. Maple swamp adjacent to RT 2 railroad crossing in Ashton, 38.622005 -82.16758; 26 March 2004 - (WLU 04032601), 18 I♂, 2 ♀; 30 March 2004 - (WLU 04033001), 6 I♂, 3 O♀, 1 ♀; 28 April 2004 - (WLU 04042801), 4 I♂,1 O♀, 2 ♀; 18 March 2005 - (WLU 05031805), 2 I♂. Pin oak swamp adjacent to Point Pleasant Moose Lodge in Wagner, 38.833603 -82.12227; 26 March 2004 - (WLU 04032601), 3 I♂; 12 April 2004 - (WLU 04041205), 3 I♂, 2 O♀. Red-Osier Dogwood swamp adjacent to RT 33 S in Hartford, 39.008915 -81.99847; 5 March 2005 - (WLU 05030504), 1 I♂. Roadside ditch adjacent to RT 2 N, 2.91 km (1.81 mi) N of Clover, 38.589428 -82.19548; 4 March 2005 - (WLU 05030402), 3 I♂. Roadside ditch adjacent to RT 2, 9.17 km (5.7 mi) S of Point Pleasant, 38.80469 -82.18821; 12 April 2004 - (WLU 04041206), 6 I♂. Roadside ditch adjacent to RT 2 N, 0.22 air km (0.14 mi) N of Hogsett, 38.694496 -82.1765; 17 March 2005 - (WLU 05031707), 5 I♂. Roadside ditch adjacent to RT 2 N 0.90 air km (0.56 mi.) N of Hogsett, 38.70056 -82.17708; 17 March 2005 - (WLU 05031707), 4 I♂, 1 II♂. Roadside ditch adjacent to RT 2 N 1.93 km (1.2 mi) N of Glenwood, 38.58816 -82.201004; 3 April 2005 - (WLU 05040305), 1 I♂. Roadside ditch adjacent to RT 62 N, 0.34 km (0.21 mi) N of Hallwood, 38.97562 -82.081314; 17 March 2005 - (WLU 05031706), 1 I♂. Roadside ditch adjacent to RT 62 S at Mountaineer Power Plant, 38.974934 -81.94418; 5 March 2009 - (WLU 05030509), 2 I♂. Slough adjacent to RT 33 N in Mason, 39.00983 -82.03899; 5 March 2005 - (WLU 05030505), 1 I♂; 17 March 2005 - (WLU 05031704), 6 I♂, 4 ♀. Vernal pool complex at RT 2/Lighthouse Gospel Church Road intersection, 38.82201 -82.13136; 17 March 2005 - (WLU 05031707), 2 I♂, 2 O♀. PLEASANTS COUNTY: Ohio River embayment 4.03 air km (2.52 mi) S of St.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
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, 39.397575 -81.202415; 12 April 2004 - (WLU 05030506), 1 II♂, 1 OF. Vernal pool adjacent to RT 2 N across from Cytec Community Fishing Area, 39.347824 -81.32024; 5 March 2005 - (WLU 04041203), 2 I♂. TYLER COUNTY: Maple swamp adjacent to RT 2 S in Friendly, 39.50822 -81.06736; 20 March 2004 - (WLU 04032001), 2 I♂. WETZEL COUNTY: Maple Swamp adjacent to RT 2 S in New Martinsville, 39.32582 -80.866234; 2 April 2004 - (WLU 04040201), 8 I♂, 2 ♀; 21 March 2006 - (WLU 06032104), 3 I♂, 1 II♂. (23.) Ohio River backwater at Marshall/Wetzel County line, 39.717846 -80.514959; 2 April 2004 - (WLU 04040203), 2 I♂; 21 March 2006 - (WLU 06032101), 3 I♂. WOOD COUNTY: Bellville Wildlife Management Area 4.03 km (2.50 mi) S of Bellville, 39.132915 -81.730865; 5 March 2005 - (WLU 05030507), 6 I♂. Boaz Swamp Wildlife Management Area,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">39.462868</pageBreakToken>
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-81.10855; 25 March 2004 - (WLU 04032501), 1 I♂; 12 April 2004 - (WLU 04041203), 2 I♂, 1 O♀; 5 March 2005 - (WLU 05030509), 1 I♂. Lee Creek at CR 11 crossing, 39.153275 -81.73507; 2 April 2004 - (WLU 04040203), 2 I♂.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="morphometrics">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morphometrics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
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is the largest burrowing crayfish occurring in West Virginia, and the most frequently collected species in this study. The largest individual collected was a form I male, 53.6 mm TCL from Bellville, Wood County. The largest female measured 38.6 mm TCL and was collected from a flooded field 1.1 km north of Ravenswood, Jackson County. Mean
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
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carapace length was 37.0 mm (n = 148, SE = 5.41). Morphometric data for
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
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are presented in Table 6.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="183B69FB07F5027D2D3CA819CA46ED52" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/183B69FB07F5027D2D3CA819CA46ED52" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Table 6. West Virginia Ohio River floodplain
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
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morphometrics.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<table pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<tr pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">N</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Minimum</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Maximum</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Standard Deviation</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution includes western Pennsylvania, central and eastern Ohio, central and western West Virginia and eastern Kentucky (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" title="Crayfishes of Kentucky" volume="28" year="2004">Taylor and Schuster 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="387 - 406" title="The crawfishes of Western Pennsylvania." volume="3" year="1905 a">Ortmann (1905a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="343 - 523" title="The crawfishes of the state of Pennsylvania." volume="2" year="1906">1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was the first to mention the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus diogenes" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes">Cambarus diogenes</taxonomicName>
|
||
Girard, 1852) in Brooke and Hancock counties, stating that populations persisting in both counties were stable.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Newcombe, CL" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="267 - 288" title="The crayfishes of West Virginia." volume="29" year="1929">Newcombe (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented the species in Hancock and Brooke counties, and like Ortmann, identified the species as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus diogenes" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes">Cambarus diogenes</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Jezerinac described
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1993 based on material from West Virginia in his description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society Washington" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="532 - 544" title="A new subgenus and new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of the genus Cambarus, with an amended description of the subgenus Lacunicambarus." volume="106" year="1993">Jezerinac 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but. questioned the validity of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Newcombe’s">Newcombe's</normalizedToken>
|
||
records.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society Washington" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="532 - 544" title="A new subgenus and new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of the genus Cambarus, with an amended description of the subgenus Lacunicambarus." volume="106" year="1993">Jezerinac (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found northern
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations problematic, specifically those occurring in Brooke County. This study did not collect any specimens from Brooke County, but specimens were collected in Tomlinson Run Backwater, validating previous records for Hancock County.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not taken in Brooke County during this study, but has been collected recently from portions of the county not associated with the floodplain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Cambarus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
thomai
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from the Upper Ohio North, Middle Ohio North, Middle Ohio South, and Lower Ohio basins (Figure 12). Specimens from Jackson County, Middle Ohio South basin, represent county records. It is absent from the Upper Ohio South basin and occurs again in the Upper Ohio North basin (Figure 12). Within the Upper Ohio North,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected, but not in large numbers.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations enter the Upper Ohio North basin from the Tuscarawas River in Eastern Ohio. Different soil types are found in the Upper Ohio North and South basins, which could explain the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
distribution. Another possibility controlling
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution is the increased agricultural land use practices and declining riparian habitat that has sharply increased in the Upper Ohio South and North basins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Figure 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution along the West Virginia portion of the Ohio River floodplain
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
In the Middle Ohio North, Middle Ohio South, and Lower Ohio basins,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is stable. Mason County contains substantial
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations, with the species documented at every site (n = 18) sampled in the county. Populations decline north
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
these basins. The most substantial northern population occurs in New Martinsville, Wetzel County.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="343 - 523" title="The crawfishes of the state of Pennsylvania." volume="2" year="1906">Ortmann (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented on this population based on surveys in the late 1800's, noting how numerous burrows were in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bottomlands”">"bottomlands"</normalizedToken>
|
||
adjacent to the Ohio River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="habitat and natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Habitat and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 13) was the most frequently collected burrowing crayfish along the Ohio River floodplain. Marshes, swamps, embayments, wet fields, ephemeral pools, ponds, roadside ditches, and bottomland forests are habitats utilized by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Population density appears to be directly correlated with mature forest canopies, with a preference for ephemeral pool systems, bottomland forests, and marsh habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Figure 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Middle Ohio South basin, Mason County. Amber - WLU 04032601 (A.) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="blue–green">blue-green</normalizedToken>
|
||
- WLU 04032605 (B.) colorphases. This species is the most prevalent crayfish along the Ohio River floodplain and constructs intricate burrows in lentic habitats in the Upper Ohio South, Middle Ohio North and South, and Lower Ohio basins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Population</pageBreakToken>
|
||
densities decline in exposed agricultural fields. The species responds negatively to livestock even when adequate habitat is available. These pasture habitats exhibit soil compaction, excess nutrients, and low browse lines. A lack of vegetation possibly expedites drawdown conditions with increased levels of evapotranspiration. Exposed conditions and frequent manipulation of topsoil appear to limit
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
density in agricultural settings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
uses surface waters during late-winter and early-spring. During all other seasons it was collected from burrows, which are complex, with a 0.3 m to 1.5 m deep central shaft ending in a resting chamber. Central shafts often have multiple ancillary tunnels prior to the resting chamber. Resting chambers also possess additional tunnels, particularly from their floors. Vegetation was frequently found in these auxiliary tunnels. In many instances a short 10-20 cm central shaft bifurcates into two complete central shafts, each ending in its own central chamber. Chimneys often were associated with these burrows (Figure 14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
|
||
14.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
chimney, Middle Ohio North basin, Wetzel County, West Virginia.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
chimneys were numerous throughout the southern regions of the floodplain. The chimney pictured measured 18 cm in height and 10 cm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
were nocturnal, and displayed stylized behaviors while resting in their burrow portals. They rest with their antennae held laterally and their chelae barely breaching the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="burrow’s">burrow's</normalizedToken>
|
||
entrance. If pressure pulses are sent through the soil, they orient their antennae toward the pulse without shifting body position. If pulses continued, crayfish either retreated into their burrows or left their
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="burrow’s">burrow's</normalizedToken>
|
||
to investigate the pulse source. The majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
observations at burrow portals occurred in June and July. During late winter and early spring, several form I males and ovigerous females were observed nocturnally cruising and feeding on periphyton in ephemeral pools.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
As stated previously, February through April,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
uses surface waters extensively. Eighty-six percent of trap captures were form I males. Ovigerous females (n = 12) also used surface waters, with 50% of females captured at this time carrying eggs. Linear regression analysis of ovigerous females indicates there is not a strong relationship between carapace length and the number of pleopodal eggs (Figure 15). Egg counts ranged from 108-304 eggs per female. Pleopodal egg diameter ranged from 1.51-2.47 mm, with a mean diameter of 2.09 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Figure 15. Relationship between carapace length and pleopodal egg number in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Given the high percentage of ovigerous females captured in late winter and early spring, mating likely occurs in the fall. Females carry sperm throughout the winter and extrude eggs in early spring when ephemeral pool hydroperiods are at their most active. Instars are carried by females throughout the spring, and released at the beginning of the summer season. This life history strategy enables neonates to mature throughout the summer and enter their first winter as juveniles.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">ovigerous</pageBreakToken>
|
||
females in March, April, May, and June in West Virginia, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" title="Crayfishes of Kentucky" volume="28" year="2004">Taylor and Schuster (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected a single ovigerous female in Kentucky in March. Our results validated previous seasonal data for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
as presented in Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
neonates used surface waters throughout the summer season (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="May–September">May-September</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and were the only demographic observed at this time. Dip netting yielded large numbers of young-of-the-year in July and August; however, whether neonates remain in surface waters may depend on water availablility throughout the fall into winter. During drawdown in several sites in Mason County, juveniles were observed burrowing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Neonate utilization of surface waters may be a dispersal mechanism to enable colonization and equally distribute individuals throughout wetlands or redistribute individuals into areas of high productivity. Nocturnal searches found
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
utilizing surface waters rather than relying on burrows. On several occasions individuals would seek cover under substrate debris in surface waters although burrows were readily available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="conservation status within study area">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Conservation status within study area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are stable within the Middle Ohio North, Middle Ohio South and Lower Ohio basin. Additional survey efforts are needed in the Upper Ohio North and Upper Ohio South basins to determine the status of northern populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |