510 lines
58 KiB
XML
510 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="AE5B6ADE0E73A8C0EDF2D204BFBA1E9D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="967adc1d-0ddd-4689-9968-57c1870555b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="227146" ID-ZooBank="CDDB0DDD-3904-457F-B77E-4AEC414B654A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460904060094" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs" docDate="2014" docId="2F4D9115566DFFE146A65546FF05FE9E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03860p200.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3860 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Neurellipes rhoko Sáfián, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="D374E96D566CFFE446315701FFDAFF82" masterDocTitle="Neurellipes rhoko sp. n. from the Cross River Loop, Eastern Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae)" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="195" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1698360582501" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="D827457BF962DF9D06FAF8DB5970F45B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="57C8407F5820F5BA54FE96BC2C97AD5E">
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<mods:title id="DB4AD58467FB70301DDAF8759E1C5617">Neurellipes rhoko sp. n. from the Cross River Loop, Eastern Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B5DE213FC8553BDB393B41ADBA52EDBF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4C52A6C5F5EED5E450955E119D8A2ED6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="721E014C50E63F7E72C6373162AD9D67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="52B24B42EF626D42E340A1C49786950F">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E1490EF6C623D3762C98A35E3F869630">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BEA31969002E28CC26D77C662C71EF4F">
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<mods:title id="487A1790222E6B382F945832E713DDA8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="86135952AC2AFCE72B9358DFE373F0B7">
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<mods:date id="C55881E6BC983057637B167CD457720E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2FA112B314BF9AAB3830AE1416662AD2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="48780B578DB05774E168B72B4932C5CB">3860</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E4EC185C91745BDC94695AF436A1F3A4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="15F5997938F243E29D01DA938AA4BC77">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="14274F8615C78354D1B560871AE4ECF1">195</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="417E46E84B0D95FCF521DFEA7B0BCDC7">200</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="3120FF506919A82EA3F49321AD35D08F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="944945A8D0862B83194815B9DE2BA623" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="08273A30085CB0C8644D14D5AF901C8C" type="GBIF-Dataset">967adc1d-0ddd-4689-9968-57c1870555b4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34CB7E51E15F0C2FF2905ACA5FC814B1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC2FC2FC499637B367853F84F14C7460" type="Zenodo-Dep">227146</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="964FE08144FDC493BE7536A91679F5C0" type="ZooBank">CDDB0DDD-3904-457F-B77E-4AEC414B654A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="2F4D9115566DFFE146A65546FF05FE9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119587979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F4D9115566DFFE146A65546FF05FE9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F4D9115566DFFE146A65546FF05FE9E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<subSubSection id="EFFE7388566DFFE546A65546FE82FD06" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE546A65546FE77FDE2" blockId="1.[151,429,583,644]" box="[151,429,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<heading id="FC13976F566DFFE546A65546FE77FDE2" bold="true" box="[151,429,583,608]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546A65546FE77FDE2" bold="true" box="[151,429,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE546A65546FEBCFDE2" box="[151,358,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546A65546FEBCFDE2" bold="true" box="[151,358,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Neurellipes rhoko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EA3416A566DFFE5475C5546FE77FDE2" box="[365,429,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE546A6556DFE82FD06" blockId="1.[151,429,583,644]" box="[151,344,620,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3FDF3C86566DFFE546AF556DFF38FD06" box="[158,226,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[327,1254,217,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[310,1277,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of N. rhoko (upperside A, underside C), holotype of N. georgiadisi (upperside B, underside D), both types deposited in the ABRI collection. Male of N. mahota from Cameroon (upperside E, underside G) (in coll: ABRI), and male of N. gola from Sierra Leone (upperside F, underside H) (in coll: SZS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227147/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">FIG 1</figureCitation>
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A,C, 2 A)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFFE7388566DFFE546A655B5FE12FC26" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE546A655B5FDF2FC96" blockId="1.[151,1437,692,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546A655B5FED7FD4F" bold="true" box="[151,269,692,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<typeStatus id="785F9EA1566DFFE546A655B5FED2FD4F" box="[151,264,692,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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♂,
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<collectingCountry id="DFF36093566DFFE5470F55B5FE4FFD4F" box="[318,405,692,717]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, Cercopan Research and Conservation Area,
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5459655B5FC28FD4F" box="[935,1010,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">Rhoko</taxonomicName>
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Forest, Iko Esai, Cross River Loop,
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<date id="D35A06C3566DFFE546A655D9FED6FD72" box="[151,268,728,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" value="2012-05-18">18.V.2012</date>
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. Leg.: Szabolcs Sáfián. Coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate id="C2D046C4566DFFE5448F55D6FC83FD72" box="[702,857,727,752]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="5.6575556">5°39'27.20"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C2D046C4566DFFE5455955D6FBDAFD72" box="[872,1024,727,752]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="8.261711">8°15'42.16"E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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<typeStatus id="785F9EA1566DFFE5423F55D9FB9FFD72" box="[1038,1093,728,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Type</typeStatus>
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depository: African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi (
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<collectionCode id="C1F5B8C6566DFFE547E255FDFDC6FC96" box="[467,540,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">ABRI</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE546F6541EFC47FCBA" blockId="1.[151,1437,692,2013]" box="[199,925,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546F6541EFEE7FCBA" bold="true" box="[199,317,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<typeStatus id="785F9EA1566DFFE546F6541EFEE2FCBA" box="[199,312,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="B1E2EB8A566DFFE547755421FEB2FCBA" box="[324,360,800,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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, with the same data as the
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<typeStatus id="785F9EA1566DFFE544A4541EFD2DFCBA" box="[661,759,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(in coll. SZS).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE546F65445FE12FC26" blockId="1.[151,1437,692,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546F65445FDE1FCDF" bold="true" box="[199,571,836,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="B1E2EB8A566DFFE544745445FDB3FCDE" box="[581,617,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="DFF36093566DFFE544485445FD2AFCDE" box="[633,752,836,860]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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, Ebogo,
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<date id="D35A06C3566DFFE545695445FC6DFCDF" box="[856,951,836,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" value="2005-03">III.2005</date>
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. Leg.:
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<collectionCode id="C1F5B8C6566DFFE542365445FB90FCDE" box="[1031,1098,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">ABRI</collectionCode>
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(in coll.
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<collectionCode id="C1F5B8C6566DFFE542865445FB24FCDE" box="[1207,1278,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">ABRI</collectionCode>
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),
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<specimenCount id="B1E2EB8A566DFFE543255445FAEDFCDE" box="[1300,1335,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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<collectingCountry id="DFF36093566DFFE543705445FA42FCDF" box="[1345,1432,836,861]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, Cercopan Research and Conservation Area,
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE544A25466FD04FC02" box="[659,734,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">Rhoko</taxonomicName>
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Forest, Iko Esai, Cross River Loop
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<date id="D35A06C3566DFFE542B25469FACAFC02" box="[1155,1296,872,896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" value="2008-12-10">10.XII.2008</date>
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. Leg: Oskar Brattström (in coll:
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<collectionCode id="C1F5B8C6566DFFE54745548DFE66FC26" box="[372,444,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">ABRI</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EFFE7388566DFFE546F654AEFE13FAB2" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE546F654AEFD48FB22" blockId="1.[151,1437,692,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546F654AEFE83FC4A" bold="true" box="[199,345,943,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Description.</emphasis>
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Forewing length:
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<quantity id="601C8DE6566DFFE5441B54B1FDAAFC45" box="[554,624,944,968]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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. The upperside ground colour is black, with a large orange patch in the discal area of the forewing, covering approximately half of the wing surface. The orange scaling covers approximately one-third of the forewing in spaces 5-6, its inner edge curving gently towards the base without a break. There is diffuse orange scaling in space 1, but it leaves a very narrow black margin along the costa. The hindwing has a smaller orange patch in the outer half, leaving a
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<quantity id="601C8DE6566DFFE545525341FC7EFBD5" box="[867,932,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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broad black margin around it. The underside has the usual
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE547075365FDC1FBFE" box="[310,539,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE547075365FE6CFBFE" box="[310,438,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neurellipes</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5478E5365FDC1FBFE" box="[447,539,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Anthene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthene</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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zebra striation; it is of greyish tone, and with a tiny turquoise tornal eyespot, ringed faintly with orange. Female unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE546F653ADFE13FAB2" blockId="1.[151,1437,692,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546F653ADFEE4FB47" bold="true" box="[199,318,1196,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Genitalia:</emphasis>
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The genitalia are small (
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||
<quantity id="601C8DE6566DFFE5445753ADFD73FB46" box="[614,681,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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) and very weakly sclerotised. The structure is rather simple with completely reduced uncus; the two sides of the tegumen are bridged only by a narrow belt (as seen on ventral view on
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<figureCitation id="3FDF3C86566DFFE5468853F5FF21FA8E" box="[185,251,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[249,1335,212,1522]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[240,1347,193,1534]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of N. rhoko (A), holotype, N. georgiadisi (B), holotype, N. gola (C) Gola Rainforest National Park, Sierra Leone and N. mahota (D) re-drawn from Stempffer’s original illustration (1944)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227148/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A). The sub-unci are slender and long, curving gently upward. The valves are rather rectangular, with two spines on their dorsal edge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFFE7388566DFFE046F6523DFE0DFE9F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A75B2003566DFFE746F6523DFED2F977" blockId="1.[151,1437,692,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,1648,2033]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
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||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546F6523DFE9BFAD7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1340,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Although their underside colour and pattern are almost identical, the new species is easily distinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE547B45260FE20FAFA" box="[389,506,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE547B45260FE20FAFA" box="[389,506,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, as the latter species is significantly larger than
|
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE542245260FBADFAFA" box="[1045,1143,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE542245260FBADFAFA" box="[1045,1143,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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with an average forewing length of
|
||
<quantity id="601C8DE6566DFFE547355285FE8EFA1E" box="[260,340,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FDF3C86566DFFE547555285FE7DFA1E" box="[356,423,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[327,1254,217,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[310,1277,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of N. rhoko (upperside A, underside C), holotype of N. georgiadisi (upperside B, underside D), both types deposited in the ABRI collection. Male of N. mahota from Cameroon (upperside E, underside G) (in coll: ABRI), and male of N. gola from Sierra Leone (upperside F, underside H) (in coll: SZS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227147/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE547F15284FDCEFA1E" box="[448,532,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE547F15284FDCEFA1E" box="[448,532,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also larger, and generally has a much whiter ground colour on the underside, the striation leaves larger white areas in the sub-marginal area of the hindwing, as well as in the median area of the forewing. The transverse bands are black in colour, rather than dark grey as appears in
|
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5424752CCFB36FA66" box="[1142,1260,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
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<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE5424752CCFB36FA66" box="[1142,1260,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
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<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE542CD52CCFA41FA66" box="[1276,1435,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE542CD52CCFA41FA66" box="[1276,1435,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE546F752F0FEF2F98A" box="[198,296,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546F752F0FEF2F98A" box="[198,296,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FDF3C86566DFFE5470652EEFEA0F98A" box="[311,378,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[249,1335,212,1522]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[240,1347,193,1534]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of N. rhoko (A), holotype, N. georgiadisi (B), holotype, N. gola (C) Gola Rainforest National Park, Sierra Leone and N. mahota (D) re-drawn from Stempffer’s original illustration (1944)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227148/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5479A52F0FDD7F98A" box="[427,525,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE5479A52F0FDD7F98A" box="[427,525,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, apart from minor scattered scaling near the tornal eyespot—visible only in large magnification—has no orange colour in the hindwing submarginal area, while the orange scaling stretches down to the margin on all other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE544065138FD71F9D2" box="[567,683,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE544065138FD71F9D2" box="[567,683,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE545455138FBC8F9D2" box="[884,1042,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE545455138FBC8F9D2" box="[884,1042,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, appearing at least as a well visible ring around the tornal spot. The shape of the orange patch on the hindwing is also different, extending further towards the base in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE547455180FE32F91A" box="[372,488,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE547455180FE32F91A" box="[372,488,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5442C5180FDB5F91A" box="[541,623,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE5442C5180FDB5F91A" box="[541,623,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species is similar in size to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE542255180FB68F91A" box="[1044,1202,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE542255180FB68F91A" box="[1044,1202,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the orange patch on the hindwing of the latter species extends towards the margin, and the width of the orange patch is much narrower in space 5 on the forewing, ending with a sharp angle in the cell (also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5421551C8FB42F962" box="[1060,1176,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE5421551C8FB42F962" box="[1060,1176,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE542FC51C8FAC5F962" box="[1229,1311,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE542FC51C8FAC5F962" box="[1229,1311,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), while the margin of the orange patch is curving gently from the sub-apex towards the base, without a break on the forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE546875010FEC2F8AA" box="[182,280,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE546875010FEC2F8AA" box="[182,280,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The wing shape of both wings of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="785F9EA1566DFFE544FF500EFCEAF8AA" box="[718,816,1807,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE545665010FC2DF8AA" box="[855,1015,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE545665010FC2DF8AA" box="[855,1015,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FDF3C86566DFFE54236500EFB92F8AA" box="[1031,1096,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[327,1254,217,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[310,1277,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of N. rhoko (upperside A, underside C), holotype of N. georgiadisi (upperside B, underside D), both types deposited in the ABRI collection. Male of N. mahota from Cameroon (upperside E, underside G) (in coll: ABRI), and male of N. gola from Sierra Leone (upperside F, underside H) (in coll: SZS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227147/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) and another three specimens (collected in
|
||
<date id="D35A06C3566DFFE547005035FE30F8CE" box="[305,490,1844,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" value="2012-11">November 2012</date>
|
||
by the author and Robert Tropek in the northern parts of Sapo National Park in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF36093566DFFE546A65056FF30F8F2" box="[151,234,1879,1904]" name="Liberia" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) is also different; the forewing apex is more acute, the outer margin is almost straight (significantly more rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE54728507CFEA6F816" box="[281,380,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE54728507CFEA6F816" box="[281,380,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) while the hindwing is also sharply angled at the tornus and the apex (rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE54318507CFA56F816" box="[1321,1420,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE54318507CFA56F816" box="[1321,1420,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The male genitalia also show some differences from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5456850A0FC77F83A" box="[857,941,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE5456850A0FC77F83A" box="[857,941,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE545D650A0FB87F83A" box="[999,1117,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE545D650A0FB87F83A" box="[999,1117,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in the tooth-like projections (or spines) on the valves, and the shape and tip of the aedeagus (the tip of the aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566DFFE5433C50C4FA58F85E" box="[1293,1410,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566DFFE5433C50C4FA58F85E" box="[1293,1410,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE746F75170FEC3F90A" box="[198,281,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE746F75170FEC3F90A" box="[198,281,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less pointy), being more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE744FF5170FCB7F90A" box="[718,877,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE744FF5170FCB7F90A" box="[718,877,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The bridge of the tegumen is much broader in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE743B35170FECFF92E" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE743B35170FECFF92E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also, it has a spine or tooth right on the tip of the valves, while the tip of the valves are lobed beyond the spine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE7471051B8FE59F952" box="[289,387,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE7471051B8FE59F952" box="[289,387,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF36093566FFFE747A351B8FE6BF953" box="[402,433,1721,1745]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
the aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE7444151B8FD08F952" box="[624,722,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE7444151B8FD08F952" box="[624,722,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was damaged during dissection, it could not be included in the diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F39B708B566EFFE646A65099FC45F869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227147/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" targetBox="[327,1254,217,1923]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="A75B2003566EFFE646A65099FC45F869" blockId="2.[151,1436,1944,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566EFFE646A65099FECFF82F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1944,1966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566EFFE647935098FE27F82C" box="[418,509,1945,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566EFFE647935098FE27F82C" box="[418,509,1945,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(upperside A, underside C), holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566EFFE6459D5098FBE4F82C" box="[940,1086,1945,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566EFFE6459D5098FBE4F82C" box="[940,1086,1945,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(upperside B, underside D), both types deposited in the ABRI collection. Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566EFFE644BE50B9FD20F84E" box="[655,762,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566EFFE644BE50B9FD20F84E" box="[655,762,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cameroon (upperside E, underside G) (in coll: ABRI), and male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566EFFE646DB50D7FEEEF869" box="[234,308,2006,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566EFFE646DB50D7FEEEF869" box="[234,308,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sierra Leone (upperside F, underside H) (in coll: SZS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F39B708B566FFFE746A65115FBD6F9CB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227148/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" targetBox="[249,1335,212,1522]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="A75B2003566FFFE746A65115FBD6F9CB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1556,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE746A65115FEC8F9AB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1556,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE747FD5114FDFFF9AB" box="[460,549,1556,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE747FD5114FDFFF9AB" box="[460,549,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A), holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE7448E5114FC95F9AB" box="[703,847,1556,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE7448E5114FC95F9AB" box="[703,847,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B), holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE745D85114FBEEF9AB" box="[1001,1076,1556,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE745D85114FBEEF9AB" box="[1001,1076,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE742535115FB49F9A8" box="[1122,1171,1556,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">Gola</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rainforest National Park, Sierra Leone and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE7477B5135FE6EF9CA" box="[330,436,1587,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE7477B5135FE6EF9CA" box="[330,436,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D) re-drawn from Stempffer’s original illustration (1944).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A75B2003566FFFE046F65001FE0DFE9F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1648,2033]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE746F65001FE7CF89B" bold="true" box="[199,422,1792,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Behavioural notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The type-specimens (
|
||
<typeStatus id="785F9EA1566FFFE744AE5001FCD9F89B" box="[671,771,1792,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="785F9EA1566FFFE7450D5001FC44F89A" box="[828,926,1792,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE745FD5000FBF5F89A" box="[972,1071,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE745FD5000FBF5F89A" box="[972,1071,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were caught on the same day at about
|
||
<quantity id="601C8DE6566FFFE746EC5025FEE0F8BF" box="[221,314,1828,1853]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6162" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" unit="in" value="10.3">10.30 in</quantity>
|
||
a forest edge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE747C95025FD99F8BF" box="[504,579,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">Rhoko</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forest, which is a wet evergreen forest typical to the lowlands of the Cross River Loop and Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF36093566FFFE747835049FDF0F8E2" box="[434,554,1864,1888]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The specimens were sitting low down on the vegetation, similarly to those of small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE746ED506DFE86F806" box="[220,348,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE746ED506DFE86F806" box="[220,348,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Neurellipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE74791506CFD9DF806" box="[416,583,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvimacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE74791506CFD9DF806" box="[416,583,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. fulvimacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE74451506DFCDDF806" box="[608,775,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">chryseostictus)</emphasis>
|
||
. When disturbed, they flew quite weakly just a couple of metres before they settled again.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE744345090FDA3F82A" box="[517,633,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE744345090FDA3F82A" box="[517,633,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was also caught in the same forest, and the West African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B80566FFFE7437B5090FA46F82A" box="[1354,1436,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC11566FFFE7437B5090FA46F82A" box="[1354,1436,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more powerful flight and they usually settle higher on the vegetation (normally at least a metre from the ground), whenever they descend to the forest interior, and when disturbed, they shoot higher with their strong flight, before they settle again (often above eye level). Similarly to other smaller species in the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0432E5798FA5BFF32" box="[1311,1409,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0432E5798FA5BFF32" box="[1311,1409,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably a canopy species in dense wet forest, which only occasionally descends to ground level. It is, therefore, difficult to detect, except at the edge of paths and clearings on hot sunny days, when many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE042AF57E1FAC4FF7A" box="[1182,1310,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE042AF57E1FAC4FF7A" box="[1182,1310,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Neurellipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rest on the semi-shaded low vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFFE73885668FFE046F65626FA47FE52" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A75B20035668FFE046F65626FA47FE52" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE046F65626FE94FEC2" bold="true" box="[199,334,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was named after the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE044EA5626FCFCFEC2" box="[731,806,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">Rhoko</taxonomicName>
|
||
River and conservation area in the Cross River Loop, Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE046C2564DFE90FEE7" box="[243,330,332,357]" name="Nigeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the Nigerian NGO CERCOPAN is running a conservation project on endangered primates and their natural habitats in collaboration with Iko Easi community. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE045EC566EFBF2FE0A" box="[989,1064,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">Rhoko</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest probably hosts more than 800 species of butterflies, based on the extensive exploratory work of Robert David Warren and Oskar Brattström (pers. comm.), and serves as an important buffer area to the Cross River National Park, with which it is contiguous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="F39B708B5668FFE046A65392FE6CFB4A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227149/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" targetBox="[196,1391,517,1150]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A75B20035668FFE046A65392FE6CFB4A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1171,1224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE046A65392FEC8FB2A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1171,1193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Approximate distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0440A5395FD7EFB2A" box="[571,676,1171,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0440A5395FD7EFB2A" box="[571,676,1171,1193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE044E45395FCFAFB2A" box="[725,800,1171,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE044E45395FCFAFB2A" box="[725,800,1171,1193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the records in Libert (2010) and the type localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE046A653B2FEFCFB45" box="[151,294,1202,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE046A653B2FEFCFB45" box="[151,294,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0476953B2FE6AFB45" box="[344,432,1202,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0476953B2FE6AFB45" box="[344,432,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFFE73885668FFE146F653F5FF05FE9E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A75B20035668FFE146F653F5FF05FE9E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1268,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,284]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE046F653F5FD15FA8F" bold="true" box="[199,719,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Discussion and notes on the biogeography.</emphasis>
|
||
During examination of the series of over
|
||
<specimenCount id="B1E2EB8A5668FFE0428C53F4FAC3FA8F" box="[1213,1305,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="male">80 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0431553F7FA46FA8F" box="[1316,1436,1269,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0431553F7FA46FA8F" box="[1316,1436,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens in the butterfly collection of the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, two further male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0430A5218FA46FAB3" box="[1339,1436,1305,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0430A5218FA46FAB3" box="[1339,1436,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were found from Ebogo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE04403523CFD7DFAD7" box="[562,679,1341,1365]" name="Cameroon" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="785F9EA15668FFE04579523FFCA2FAD4" box="[840,888,1342,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE045D4523CFBE8FAD4" box="[997,1074,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">Rhoko</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE0420E523CFB49FAD4" box="[1087,1171,1341,1366]" name="Nigeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
with virtually identical size and pattern. The stability of the morphology of both species confirms that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE042235260FBAEFAFB" box="[1042,1140,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE042235260FBAEFAFB" box="[1042,1140,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a smaller variant of the significantly larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE047AB5287FDD4FA1F" box="[410,526,1413,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE047AB5287FDD4FA1F" box="[410,526,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it occurs. The differences in the genitalic structure of the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE043B35287FF31FA43" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE043B35287FF31FA43" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0471552A8FE52FA43" box="[292,392,1449,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0471552A8FE52FA43" box="[292,392,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also corroborate the specific status of the latter. This finding also indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0432C52A8FA5BFA43" box="[1309,1409,1449,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0432C52A8FA5BFA43" box="[1309,1409,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is actually a Central African species, penetrating West Africa just to the Cross River, which is the westernmost limit of the range of many other Central African butterfly species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3755DF25668FFE045B852F0FBF8F98B" author="Larsen" box="[905,1058,1520,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark, 595 pp. + 135 colour plates." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE043B352F0FECFF9AF" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE043B352F0FECFF9AF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE044165117FD44F9AF" box="[551,670,1557,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE044165117FD44F9AF" box="[551,670,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE045035114FC59F9AC" box="[818,899,1557,1582]" name="Liberia" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
was quite surprising, the finding of its eastern vicariant was not particularly strange, as quite a few species-groups show similar distribution pattern. The vicariants of a few other Central African species actually occur under similar ecological conditions in the Liberian „hyper-wet” rainforests, being separated by a few thousand kilometres gap of unsuitable habitats. One of the best examples are the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0442751A7FD4AF93F" box="[534,656,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0442751A7FD4AF93F" box="[534,656,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE044FD51A7FCF9F93F" box="[716,803,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE044FD51A7FCF9F93F" box="[716,803,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE045B551A7FC26F93F" box="[900,1020,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahota">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE045B551A7FC26F93F" box="[900,1020,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">N. mahota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the distribution area centred in Central Africa, occurring in West Africa only in Northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE0455351C8FC0DF963" box="[866,983,1737,1761]" name="Cameroon" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in the Cross River Loop in Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE046A651ECFF35F884" box="[151,239,1773,1798]" name="Nigeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The distribution of its vicariant,
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0444451EFFD0BF887" box="[629,721,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0444451EFFD17F887" box="[629,717,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">N. gola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is restricted to the Liberian sub-region (Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE0433F51EFFA42F887" box="[1294,1432,1773,1798]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE046A65011FF32F8AB" box="[151,232,1808,1833]" name="Liberia" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Eastern-Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFF360935668FFE047E55011FDBFF8AB" box="[468,613,1808,1833]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FDF3C865668FFE0444A5011FD65F8AB" box="[635,703,1808,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[249,1335,212,1522]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[240,1347,193,1534]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of N. rhoko (A), holotype, N. georgiadisi (B), holotype, N. gola (C) Gola Rainforest National Park, Sierra Leone and N. mahota (D) re-drawn from Stempffer’s original illustration (1944)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227148/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is known to host a significant number of endemic species e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE046F85034FE44F8CF" box="[201,414,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pseudopontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE046F85034FE44F8CF" box="[201,414,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Pseudopontia gola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE0479F5034FD7EF8CF" box="[430,676,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Aphnaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimbaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE0479F5034FD7EF8CF" box="[430,676,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Aphnaeus nimbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE044855034FC78F8CF" box="[692,930,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euriphene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lomaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE044855034FC78F8CF" box="[692,930,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Euriphene lomaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE045825037FBCDF8CF" box="[947,1047,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euriphene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE045825037FBCDF8CF" box="[947,1047,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">E. leonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE042165037FB42F8CF" box="[1063,1176,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euriphene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taigola">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE042165037FB42F8CF" box="[1063,1176,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">E. taigola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805668FFE042985034FA41F8CF" box="[1193,1435,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aubergeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE042985034FA41F8CF" box="[1193,1435,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Euphaedra aubergeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3755DF25668FFE046AF5058FEE8F8F3" author="Larsen" box="[158,306,1880,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark, 595 pp. + 135 colour plates." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Larsen
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE047A75058FE10F8F3" box="[406,458,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009, Sáfián
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115668FFE044465058FD76F8F3" box="[631,684,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013), all with allopatric biogeographic vicariants in Central or Eastern Africa. This indicates that the Liberian sub-region was once ecologically similar to the Central African wet rainforests and remained suitable for the wet forest dwelling species, even during the historically drier periods, when savannah covered most of West Africa. These wet forest-dwelling species must have been isolated from their main distribution area for a long period of time, which led to significant diversification from the populations occurring in the Central African core area(s) of their distributions. This strongly supports the existence of species pairs with allopatric distribution in the Guineo-Congolian forest zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3755DF25669FFE1458257E1FB98FF7A" author="Larsen" box="[947,1090,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="200" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark, 595 pp. + 135 colour plates." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805669FFE1429A57E0FA90FF7A" box="[1195,1354,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgiadisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115669FFE1429A57E0FA90FF7A" box="[1195,1354,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="200">N. georgiadisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E45B805669FFE143B357E0FF02FE9E" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neurellipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="9590FC115669FFE143B357E0FF02FE9E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="200">N. rhoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |