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145 lines
15 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99c6eb43-dc87-4106-82ed-1325f4df7b26" ID-PMC="PMC7250940" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-934-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" ID-PubMed="32508494" ID-ZooBank="B9F2C8D8C0314191B6F51E78D4D6881E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-934-25" checkinTime="1589939917447" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Rachel R. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2020" docId="220F1134F685576EB449C842D3699397" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 934: 25-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 934" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" docTitle="Chasmogenus ligulatus Smith & Short 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F863DFA5-50EB-43C5-86DD-0F05DDD797C8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668168854401" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Rachel R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rr.smith816@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aezshort@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>934</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
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<mods:end>79</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-934-25</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B9F2C8D8C0314191B6F51E78D4D6881E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164241255" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F863DFA5-50EB-43C5-86DD-0F05DDD797C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/220F1134F685576EB449C842D3699397" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName LSID="220F1134-F685-576E-B449-C842D3699397" authority="Smith & Short, 2020" authorityName="Smith & Short" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus ligulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligulatus" status="sp. nov.">Chasmogenus ligulatus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. from Suriname and Guyana A C. brownsbergensis B C. ligulatus C C. guianensis D C. pandus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411765" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figures 10B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 15E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411772" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Suriname. A Type locality and habitat for C. brownsbergensis, Brownsberg Nature Park (collecting event SR 12 - 0804 - 03 A) B type locality and habitat for C. ligulatus, near Mt. Kasikasima (collecting event SR 12 - 0320 - 02 A) C type locality and habitat for C. tafelbergensis, summit of Tafelberg tepui (collecting event SR 13 - 0817 - 01 A) D type locality and habitat for C. schmits, S of Kwamala along the Kutari River (collecting event SR 10 - 0316 - 01 B) E habitat for C. acuminatus, Central Suriname Nature Reserve, Raleighvallen (collecting event SR 16 - 0316 - 01 B) F habitat for C. guianensis, upper Palumeu River, (collecting event SR 12 - 0311 - 01 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411776" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 21B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
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sp. X Short, 2013: 87 (in part).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Holotype (male)</emphasis>
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: "Suriname: Sipaliwini District/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="2.97731" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.97731">2.97731N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="55.38500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-55.385">55.38500W</geoCoordinate>
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, 200 m/ Camp 4 (low), Kasikasima; sandy/ creek, trail to Kasikasima; leg. A. Short/ 22.iii.2012; SR12-0322-02A/ flotation; 2012 CI-RAP Survey", "[barcode]/ SEMC1086819/ KUNHM-ENT". "HOLOTYPE/ CHASMOGENUS/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Short" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="ligulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligulatus">ligulatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n./ des. Smith & Short" (NZCS).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Paratypes (5): Suriname: Sipaliwini</emphasis>
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: same data as holotype except: 20.iii.2012, sandy stream on trail to METS camp, SR12-0320-02A (4 exs., SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE474); same data as holotype except: 20-25.iii.2012, detrital pools along trail to METS camp, SR12-0320-03A (1 ex., SEMC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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The very thin gap between the clypeus and labrum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. from Suriname and Guyana A C. brownsbergensis B C. ligulatus C C. guianensis D C. pandus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411765" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">10B</figureCitation>
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) distinguish this species from all other congeners except for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinnamarensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="sinnamarensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. sinnamarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, both of which are similar in size and morphology, but
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinnamarensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="sinnamarensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. sinnamarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is translucent dark red in dorsal coloration, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ligulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="ligulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. ligulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is opaque and dark brown dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Size and color.</emphasis>
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Total body length 3.2-3.5 mm. Body form elongate oval with slightly curved lateral margins. Dorsum of head multi-colored, frons dark brown, clypeus slightly paler, labrum distinctly paler (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. from Suriname and Guyana A C. brownsbergensis B C. ligulatus C C. guianensis D C. pandus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411765" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">10C</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum dark orange-brown, slightly paler marginally. Elytra uniformly dark orange-brown to dark brown. Venter orange-brown mesally, dark brown marginally.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Head.</emphasis>
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Ground punctation on head fine to moderately dense. Clypeus with anteromedial emargination which exposes a shallowly rounded gap between the labrum and the clypeus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. from Suriname and Guyana A C. brownsbergensis B C. ligulatus C C. guianensis D C. pandus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411765" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">10C</figureCitation>
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). Mentum strongly depressed in anterior two-thirds with triangular notch. Maxillary palps long, longer than width of head immediately posterior to eyes.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Ground punctation on pronotum fine. Prosternum very weakly tectiform. Mesoventrite with weak elevation forming a posteromedial longitudinal carina. Metafemora densely and uniformly pubescent in basal nine-tenths.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
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Aedeagus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">15E</figureCitation>
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) with median lobe nearly parallel-sided but curved slightly to the left; apex bluntly rounded, distinctly extending beyond the apex of the parameres. Sclerite of the median lobe expanded and developed into a long, narrow crescent. Gonopore situated near the base of the median lobe. Parameres symmetrical, with outer margins strongly sinuate; the basal half of the parameres parallel sided with apical half appearing greatly expanded, then tapering to a blunt apex. Basal piece short, ca. one-third the length of the parameres.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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The species name is derived from the Latin
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">ligula</emphasis>
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, meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“tongue”">"tongue"</normalizedToken>
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after the broad and extended tongue-like form of the median lobe of the aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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Known from lowland rainforest near the base of Mt. Kasikasima in southern Suriname (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411772" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">17</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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Two of the three collecting events for this species were from small sandy streams in dense rainforest (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Suriname. A Type locality and habitat for C. brownsbergensis, Brownsberg Nature Park (collecting event SR 12 - 0804 - 03 A) B type locality and habitat for C. ligulatus, near Mt. Kasikasima (collecting event SR 12 - 0320 - 02 A) C type locality and habitat for C. tafelbergensis, summit of Tafelberg tepui (collecting event SR 13 - 0817 - 01 A) D type locality and habitat for C. schmits, S of Kwamala along the Kutari River (collecting event SR 10 - 0316 - 01 B) E habitat for C. acuminatus, Central Suriname Nature Reserve, Raleighvallen (collecting event SR 16 - 0316 - 01 B) F habitat for C. guianensis, upper Palumeu River, (collecting event SR 12 - 0311 - 01 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411776" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">21B</figureCitation>
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). A single specimen was also collected from a very large nearby detrital pool that was draining into a stream.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |