171 lines
22 KiB
XML
171 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="2D2FD65EA00C60925B3675E8DF4D2A84" ID-CLB-Dataset="36142" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.569.6629" ID-GBIF-Dataset="29e34195-fb3e-4e87-ad7e-6e29b2e586cf" ID-PMC="PMC4829679" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-569-53" ID-PubMed="27110150" ID-ZooBank="73BDE2860DD54711885CE8032DD93C52" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-569-53" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 569" ModsDocTitle="Dendrocerusmexicali (Hymenoptera, Ceraphronoidea, Megaspilidae): Novel antennal morphology, first description of female, and expansion of known range into the U.S." checkinTime="1456392255931" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Kyle N., Miko, Istvan & Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2016" docId="16276599BB596C476CDB08986740E5F8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 569: 53-69" docOrigin="ZooKeys 569" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.569.6629" docTitle="Dendrocerus mexicali Dessart 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="9324FFCAAF361F790141BB1DA0157E43" masterDocTitle="Dendrocerusmexicali (Hymenoptera, Ceraphronoidea, Megaspilidae): Novel antennal morphology, first description of female, and expansion of known range into the U. S." masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1701375003034" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="29A1755BD50ABDB5D56FCB7DE7B289B7">Dendrocerusmexicali (Hymenoptera, Ceraphronoidea, Megaspilidae): Novel antennal morphology, first description of female, and expansion of known range into the U. S.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E4177E18F6EC71602F4764C4E69EE9B">Burks, Kyle N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="354C3D1D412ED90256E25F16A6AB9D52">Miko, Istvan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AF73668E15AF6C9962A797EDF0F8D72">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1A8897590FD1B61C1C482335B5D56980">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B6D282ED2FC570DAF56DDE4F9ADEAF57">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6DF1088F934CEDC07DFF6E76B6E55000" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="807076D655E08373050404341A317772">569</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="41BB652D7B5F329810F316AE1E7AFD30">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3F3FFCCE05DB9A0BCA0D3F59B3641D33" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.569.6629</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="16276599BB596C476CDB08986740E5F8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127854350" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:16276599BB596C476CDB08986740E5F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16276599BB596C476CDB08986740E5F8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="42076F5D3EC86C036F8A2D2FB49FAAA3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="50B2A46010CF1DA1BABD5E7DA80E6A1A" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Megaspilidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84473E940273B44FCED9D44DDE639AEC" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B31D65E4FDDA8467C56D3E4D9559166E" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="63C20F7235DF25FF6EA980D61728486A" ID-CoL="34P9H" authority="Dessart, 1999" authorityName="Dessart" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali Dessart, 1999</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="91BE523B30495D85F1FD2BE913121BDC" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4840024EA8091E1D051DE4BA0C791CA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8ADE3DBCFDE2C060154C987AA578C02" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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Male flagellomeres have projections with flexible, wrinkled regions at base (Figures 1A and 2). Both males and females have a blunt posteromedian process of the mesoscutellum, called a mucro, that is less sharp than that of
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<taxonomicName id="9ECE821B0910CCF5432A789C1BFE1819" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus koyamae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koyamae">Dendrocerus koyamae</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 3). Both males and females have mandibular lancea (Figure 4). The sensillar plate of the male aedeagus is strongly sclerotized and greatly enlarged compared to all other described
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<taxonomicName id="3A8BA6650AD8460D7B393E301EB42FA3" family="Megaspilidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Megaspilidae</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 5).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="8D84D67C404BC3B1AEE2F636F8994043" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph id="529CC619C1E9D1B416007F48336A0DCA" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 2. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images of male
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<taxonomicName id="8A5E8AE5009AE78162FEA8A27D41FB6F" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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antenna. A Antenna with the most basal branch (branch of 1st flagellomere) missing. Bluish area at base of branches indicates a high concentration of resilin; orange and red indicate sclerotized regions; green indicates softer, non-sclerotized regions B Magnified view of branch articulation. Purple and pink areas indicate high concentrations of resilin in the cuticle; blue indicates areas of extremely high resilin concentration; red indicates strongly sclerotized regions.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="02F966FA8808C12D24666C9B6A102657" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph id="F2D06CD36B3E11136783C1B3F1772CE2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 3. Bright field images of
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<taxonomicName id="91C2F5FF46986DDF3F37B910351900E3" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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mesosoma, lateral view. Arrows indicate the location of a mucro. A Male B Female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="80E2E120BF45551FA7667B594D1E654F" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph id="E133D0290360CE7DF4BA19955D8D2E5E" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 4. Bright field images of
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<taxonomicName id="2524C14304C47728EEDBB78E11328FF2" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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mouthparts, anterior view. Arrows indicate the location of mandibular lancea. A Male B Female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="1871223E3D2E0D6AD7173A77F15C4250" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph id="FE5AE7DAED48067C9D49636897CFD213" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 5. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images of male genitalia; spa=Sensillar plate of the aedeagus. A
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<taxonomicName id="B4C05EFA239C9B4843BBC772C392C551" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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dorsal view B
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<taxonomicName id="13FB72C8F155FCF3BD10AB5B3FCCFF27" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus ramicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramicornis">Dendrocerus ramicornis</taxonomicName>
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dorsal view for spa size comparison C
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<taxonomicName id="8D41C9EC8713672C78D09CB5F176D2EF" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6D256E2539C72DC179D7243E1D04F2E3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AD49027820774292D4E8E6FD1D69ECC3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C8819C644738F6C864388537D6D11DC9" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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Body length universal: 1.4-1.7 mm (n=10). Color hue pattern: antenna, legs, mouthparts ochre; rest of body dark brown. Color intensity pattern: flagellomeres and their branches darker than scape and pedicel. scape and pedicel same as legs. Cephalic size (csb): Mean: 400-500μm. head height (lateral view) vs eye height (anterior view): HH:EHf=1.4-1.8 (n=5). head height vs. head length: HH:HL=1.4-1.8 (n=5). head width vs. interorbital space: HW/IOS=1.8-2.0 (n=5). head width vs. head height: HW/HH=1.2-1.4 (n=5). Male OOL:LOL: OOL/LOL=0.75-1.0 (n=2). Male OOL:POL: OOL/POL=0.24-0.43 (n=2). Female OOL:LOL: OOL 0.625
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<normalizedToken id="EE4B82C680AC8131ACDBCB248E59F81A" originalValue="–0.75×">-0.75x</normalizedToken>
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as long as LOL (n=3). Anterior ocellar fovea shape: fovea not extended ventrally to the dorsal margin of antennal scrobe. occipital carina sculpture: smooth. submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. median flange of occipital carina count: absent. preoccipital carina and occipital carina structure: the occipital carina extends ventrally to the oral foramen with the preoccipital carina present on the vertex, but not extendinig ventrally along the gena. preoccipital carina count: present. preoccipital carina shape: present medially, absent laterally to lateral ocelli. preoccipital lunula count: present. preoccipital furrow count: present. preoccipital furrow anterior end: preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle. dorsal margin of occipital carina vs dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Transversely reticulate region on frons count: absent. Rugose region on frons count: absent. facial pit count: facial pit present. intertorular carina count: present. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. subtorular carina count: absent. torulo-clypeal carina count: present. supraclypeal depression count: present. supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped. antennal scrobe count: absent. flagellomere shape
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<pageBreakToken id="B3AC0425AF8745A70CF61F2CADA2AD22" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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male): branched. scape length relative to length of F1+F2 (male): longer or equal. 6th male flagellomere length vs. width,
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<normalizedToken id="57F27B3C07631F76092EC4B494FA901F" originalValue="“sensillar”">"sensillar"</normalizedToken>
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view: elongate, more than 2
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<normalizedToken id="EDD7E5F03085C031992C914DE38B5716" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. flagellomere branch count: 5 branches. Branch of male flagellomere 5 length
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<pageBreakToken id="378B9B33403B3389803234FCC94C9744" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" start="start">compared</pageBreakToken>
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to flagellomere 6: Longer than length of flagellomere 6. Branch of male flagellomere 5 length compared to flagellomere 5: Longer than length of flagellomere 5. flagellomere 6 length compared to flagellomeres 7+8: Equal to the length of flagel
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<pageBreakToken id="C888AB56FFFA57EA35D005F53A87D1D7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" start="start">lomere</pageBreakToken>
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7+8. sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F6-F9. Basal resilin-rich area of male antennal branches count: present. Female first flagellomere length vs pedicel: F1 as long as pedicel (1.0-1.1) (n=3). Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7+F8. Mandibular tooth count: 2. mandibular lancea count: present. ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. atrium of the anterior thoracic spiracle size: as wide as distal trachea. notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. epicnemial carina count: complete. epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit absent; epicnemial carina straight. speculum ventral limit: extending ventrally of pleural pit line. sternaulus count: absent. Median mesoscutal line length vs anterior mesoscutal width: MscL/AscW=0.6-0.9 (n=5). anterior mesoscutal width vs. posterior mesoscutal width: AscW/PscW=0.9 (n=5). median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. axillular carina count: absent. posteromedian process of the mesoscutellum count: present. posteromedian process of the mesoscutellum shape: blunt. scutoscutellar sulcus vs trans
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<pageBreakToken id="200BE36D167E3C5E4789A0146EE86F09" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" start="start">scutal</pageBreakToken>
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articulation: adjacent. mesometapleural sulcus count: present. posterodorsal metapleural area shape: trapezoid. metapleural carina count: present. anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. lateral propodeal carinae shape: inverted
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<normalizedToken id="7F3C79A597C013A1A55CE7C1C5170FFA" originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
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(left and right lateral propodeal carinae
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<pageBreakToken id="2473D6ECF1B9B58A590C14BDEEC28558" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
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adjacent medially at their intersection with antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum). lateral propodeal carina count: present. transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Distal margin of male abdominal sternum 9 shape: convex. median conjunctiva of
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<pageBreakToken id="EC95950D2BC09B05FA2587A3A268E0D6" pageId="9" pageNumber="62" start="start">abdominal</pageBreakToken>
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tergum 9 count: absent. Proximolateral corner of abdominal sternum 9 shape: blunt. proximodorsal notch of cupula count: absent. Gonostyle/volsella complex proximodorsal margin shape: with deep concavity medially. Submedian conjunctiva on distoventral margin of gonostyle/volsella complex: length (range of fusion of
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<pageBreakToken id="EBD4ACB20E90833130050CE91BB8C2D7" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" start="start">parossiculus</pageBreakToken>
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/parossiculus complex from gonostipes): more than 4/5. apical parossiculal seta number: two. dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. sensillar plate of the aedeagus shape: Enlarged, about half as wide as the genitalia, and strongly sclerotized. carina limiting posteriorly antecosta
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<pageBreakToken id="93CC31FFD2AC680C12938B74A0FE351E" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" start="start">count</pageBreakToken>
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: present. distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: absent. cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): absent (fused with the gonostipes). distoventral submedian corner of the cupula count: absent. harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="F8969AA5F58359EEAAD8186EF629B571" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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<paragraph id="449785E544B6A53E7F7B8104215B3EAF" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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Figure 6. Bright field images of male
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<taxonomicName id="08EBC53F7B2A10207C56F754A7C4F451" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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head. A Posterior view B Anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="A43D9B65E7EA0EED11BB490FFF78ADBA" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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<paragraph id="7DAE837875EE0769271A8A1FBC9543F7" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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Figure 7. Bright field images of male
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<taxonomicName id="DE4A00F31885D0DD2438185820236D9F" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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. A Dorsal view of head B Habitus; dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DB667EDD2B7EBBFBFF7874E352762DDC" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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<paragraph id="3357E06855EA7893D7AD56CB0BCC5957" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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Figure 8. Bright field images of female
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<taxonomicName id="D44BBD188153B6EA5852142DCC76C5C7" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
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head. A Dorsal view B Anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="0FBBD80FBE2AD6080B0FC21DF52676FC" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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<paragraph id="64DBB138E19CE128C3A86B98382F85F7" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
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||
Figure 9. Bright field images of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80EC16C0AD5A6D20A7A1E19EEB0C60D4" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Dendrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrocerus mexicali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicali">Dendrocerus mexicali</taxonomicName>
|
||
habitus. A Lateral view B Dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D82DFFD0D2B973BB84EE26F4BF06081" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" type="range">
|
||
<paragraph id="F233709E5B747CE645640DE1AB2B6213" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="723F04DAD29E76783BF79B863D55C7EA" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Mexico (Mexicali), California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7732AF95F198E91136D782F148003017" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="307FEF5A8AE2B43967514F867DF1B32D" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="89332B37BFB27A7A2F901B12CF968C39" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Other material (60 females, 27 males): USA:Arizona:Santa Cruz Co.: 1 male. PSUC_FEM 86285 (PSUC). USA:California:Stanislaus Co.: 1 male. IM 5156 (UCFC). USA:Florida: 8 females, 13 males. PSUC_FEM 98899, 98907 (PSUC); IM 5106, 5165, 5214; PSUC_FEM 86151, 86166, 86366, 86370, 86384, 86443 (UCFC); PSUC_FEM 56350-56352, 56397-56403 (CNC). USA:Florida:Brevard Co.: 2 males. IM 5212; PSUC_FEM 86296 (UCFC). USA:Florida:Highlands Co.: 47 females, 6 males. PSUC_FEM 56353-56359, 56361-56396, 56404-56413 (CNC). USA:Florida:Orange Co.: 3 males. IM 5210-5211; PSUC_FEM 86137 (UCFC). USA:Florida:Polk Co.: 4 females, 1 male. IM 5107; PSUC_FEM 86130, 86141, 86148, 86266 (UCFC). USA:Texas:Brazos Co.: 1 female. PSUC_FEM 56360 (CNC).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="623A685644E579E55007A39A6BBBDB1F" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" type="antennal coiling experiment">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E3FCD430EC9D99394FFB15BADA20673" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Antennal coiling experiment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C1BC7E8C0BB9115312C4204F56B81C6" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">After rehydration of the specimens, the rami of the flagellomeres were very flexible at their bases. After the antenna were placed in distilled water, the apical flagellomeres of both specimens curled very slightly. There was no change in the angle of the flagellomere projections or movement at their bases.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |