treatments-xml/data/03/FD/36/03FD360A6860FFAEFF7A366A9851DD4D.xml

<document id="45AA14CB6086CD24186C470855C65824" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5397.4.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469214" ID-ZooBank="8982E7A8-6ADE-4204-9047-6CC9A052FD5B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1704710194629" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Giusto, Carlo, Košťál, Michael &amp; Holecová, Milada" docDate="2024" docId="03FD360A6860FFAEFF7A366A9851DD4D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5397.4.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5397 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5397.4.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti Giusto, Kostal and Holecova 2024, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="A41A2903-49BA-4A39-9F47-392D946C7597" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="561" masterDocId="FFC44E726861FFA4FFED33359D58DC28" masterDocTitle="Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti Giusto, Košťál and Holecová, a new species from Albania and Greece (Coleoptera, Apionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="562" masterPageNumber="551" pageNumber="552" updateTime="1704710909608" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="023A85F48B7A9781D30BF8CBD74712CD">Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti Giusto, Košťál and Holecová, a new species from Albania and Greece (Coleoptera, Apionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="012A7B4B863C3EA1B182980EB7047F59">Giusto, Carlo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9FE2F6621C93BEE23B79CAE426A3CE78">Via Milite Ignoto, 46 / 9 I - 16036 Recco (Genoa), Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C3EED0F2C58B5672FE2BED60E77B1260">Košťál, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C3145F13B76BFA3D11A50E7B08E4FC06">Šoporňa 1602, SK - 925 52 Šoporňa, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF25B78CA734DC7354984388469BAD29">Holecová, Milada</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BEB871C6860FFA5FF7A366A9EBCD951" blockId="1.[151,996,1374,1473]" box="[151,996,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<heading id="D0A330706860FFA5FF7A366A9EBCD951" bold="true" box="[151,996,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6860FFA5FF7A366A9EC2D951" authority="Giusto, Kostal and Holecova" authorityName="Giusto, Kostal and Holecova" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,922,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FF7A366A9C51D951" bold="true" box="[151,265,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FEF7366A9CF0D951" bold="true" box="[282,424,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FE54366B9F70D951" bold="true" box="[441,552,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">benedikti</emphasis>
Giusto, Košťál and Holecová
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E6756860FFA5FC4C366A9EBCD951" box="[929,996,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<subSubSection id="C34ED4976860FFA5FF7A36929F14D9E9" box="[151,588,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6860FFA5FF7A36929F14D9E9" blockId="1.[151,996,1374,1473]" box="[151,588,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
(
<figureCitation id="136F9B996860FFA5FF7236929C5CD9E9" box="[159,260,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,209,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[164,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Habitus. 1–2: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 1: ♁ holotype, 2: ♀ paratype.—3–4: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 3: ♁, 4: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469216/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996860FFA5FEFD36929C11D9E9" box="[272,329,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,433,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-127@4.[151,1435,381,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Head in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 7–11: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 7–8: ♁ holotype, 9–11: ♀ paratype.—12–16: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 12–13: ♁, 14–16: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469220/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">7–11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996860FFA5FEB836929CC5D9E9" box="[341,413,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,186,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[176,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Antenna, protarsus, claw, sternite VIII and sternite IX. 17–22: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 17, 19–22: ♁ holotype, 18: ♀ paratype.—23–28: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 23: ♁, 24: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco; 25–26, 28 (♁) from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco; 27 (♁) from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469222/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">17–22</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996860FFA5FE4436929CA9D9E9" box="[425,497,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–38" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,183,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[176,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 29–38. Penis in ventral and lateral view, penal apex and tegmen in ventral view, terminal apodeme in lateral view. 29–33: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., ♁ holotype.—34–38: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, ♁ from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">29–33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996860FFA5FE1036929F1CD9E9" box="[509,580,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–49" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,187,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 39–49. Sternite VIII, gonocoxite in ventral view, stylus in ventral and lateral view, spermatheca. 39–43: Synapion (Giustiapion) benediktin.sp., ♀ paratype.—44–49:Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 44–47:♀ from Italy:Abruzzo, Sant’Eufemia a Maiella, 48–49: ♀ from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469226/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">39–43</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34ED4976860FFA5FF7A36DA9998DA21" box="[151,1216,1518,1547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6860FFA5FF7A36DA9998DA21" blockId="1.[151,1437,1518,1977]" box="[151,1216,1518,1547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FF7A36DA9C6EDA20" bold="true" box="[151,310,1518,1545]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Type locality.</emphasis>
Kaliakouda Mts. [Καλιακούδα]: Aniáda env. [Ανιάδα] (
<collectingCountry id="F343C78C6860FFA5FC4A36DA9EA3DA21" box="[935,1019,1519,1545]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Greece</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499049FE6860FFA5FBEB36DA99EBDA21" box="[1030,1203,1519,1545]" country="Greece" name="Sterea Ellada" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Central Greece</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34ED4976860FFA5FF2A35279C14DB01" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6860FFA5FF2A35279C14DB01" blockId="1.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FF2A35279C62DA04" bold="true" box="[199,314,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. A 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6860FFA5FE8E35269F7CDA05" box="[355,548,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FE8E35269C93DA05" box="[355,459,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Synapion</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
differing from the related 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6860FFA5FCB9352698C4DA05" authority="(Schatzmayr, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[852,1436,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii" subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FCB935269EE4DA05" box="[852,956,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FC2035269909DA05" box="[973,1105,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FB8E352699EFDA05" box="[1123,1207,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">falzonii</emphasis>
(Schatzmayr, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
in having the following combination of characters: body vestiture barely visible, composed of microscopic piliform scales that hardly extend beyond the edges of setiferous pores; pronotum isodiametric or imperceptibly transverse, rarely longer than wide (Lp/Wp: ♁ 0.95–1.04 [1.00], 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956860FFA5FD03354A9E5BDAB1" box="[750,771,1663,1689]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.94–1.03 [0.99]), densely, but rather shallowly punctured; tegmen with apodeme not or weakly dilated apically and suprafenestral sclerites with 18–20 long outer macrosetae and 6–8 inner minor setae; penis, in ventral view, with very weakly rounded sides and apex gradually roundly narrowed; styli small, bell-shaped, with 7 long apical setae; spermatheca C-shaped with well-developed bulbus receiving gland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34ED4976860FFA7FF2A34069C19DA08" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="554" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6860FFA5FF2A34069E5FDB91" blockId="1.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FF2A34069C2DDB64" bold="true" box="[199,373,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416860FFA5FE9134069E5FDB91" collectingDate="2005-06-27" collectionCode="MSNM" collectorName="S. Benedikt" country="Greece" determinerName="Ing. K. Schon" elevation="1900" location="Central Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sterea Ellada" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EF39BE6860FFA5FE9134069CBCDB65" box="[380,484,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(♁): 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FDCE34079E3CDB65" bold="true" box="[547,868,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<collectingCountry id="F343C78C6860FFA5FDCE34079FC1DB64" box="[547,665,1842,1868]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">GREECE</collectingCountry>
— 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6860FFA5FD5834079E3CDB65" bold="true" box="[693,868,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<collectingRegion id="499049FE6860FFA5FD5834079E3CDB65" box="[693,868,1842,1869]" country="Greece" name="Sterea Ellada" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Central Greece</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: GRAECIA m. 
<date id="FFEAA1DC6860FFA5FBF7340799CADB65" box="[1050,1170,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" value="2005-06-27">
<collectingDate id="EFAE58346860FFA5FBF7340799CADB65" box="[1050,1170,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" value="2005-06-27">27.vi.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
/ KALIAKOUDA Mts. [Καλιακούδα] / Aniáda env. [Ανιάδα]. subalpine / 
<elevation id="0079602F6860FFA5FD3334629EEEDB59" box="[734,950,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="1700.0">
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96860FFA5FD3334629E2FDB59" box="[734,887,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="1700.0">1700-2100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
/ 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6860FFA5FC3F3462990FDB59" box="[978,1111,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">S. Benedikt</collectorName>
leg. // 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6860FFA5FB4234629841DB59" box="[1199,1305,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synapion</taxonomicName>
/ falzonii / (SCHATZMAYR) / 
<determinerName id="7E376BD86860FFA5FE6E344E9F7FDBBD" box="[387,551,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Ing. K. Schön</determinerName>
det. 2006 (
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96860FFA5FD5D344E9E51DBBD" box="[688,777,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">MSNM</collectionCode>
) [right antenna, right protarsus, abdominal ventrites and genitalia in glycerol-microvial pinned under specimen].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB871C6863FFA6FF7A34889965DBD1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1981,2044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FF7A34889C19DBFD" bold="true" box="[151,321,1981,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
Habitus. 1–2: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6863FFA6FE05348B9E1DDBFD" authority="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová, 2024" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" box="[488,837,1981,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FE05348B9F1EDBFD" box="[488,582,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FDB6348B9F8BDBFD" box="[603,723,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FD0534889E1DDBFD" box="[744,837,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FCBC348B9EC8DBFE" bold="true" box="[849,912,1982,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E6756863FFA6FCBC348B9EC8DBFE" box="[849,912,1982,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 1: ♁ holotype, 2: ♀ paratype.—3–4: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6863FFA6FAD3348B9C2ADBD1" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii" subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FAD3348B98C4DBFD" box="[1342,1436,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FF4D34D79C40DBD1" box="[160,280,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6863FFA6FECB34D49C2ADBD1" box="[294,370,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">falzonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3: ♁, 4: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2BD7946862FFA7FF7A376D9820D858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469218" box="[151,1400,1112,1139]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" startId="3.[151,264,1112,1136]" targetBox="[179,1426,218,1023]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6862FFA7FF7A376D9820D858" blockId="3.[151,1400,1112,1139]" box="[151,1400,1112,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FF7A376D9C63D858" bold="true" box="[151,315,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">FIGURES 5–6.</emphasis>
Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6862FFA7FE5C376C9E42D858" baseAuthorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[433,794,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perraudieri" subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FE5C376C9F57D858" box="[433,527,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FDF3376C9FCED858" box="[542,662,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FD48376D9E42D858" box="[677,794,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">perraudieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 5: ♁, 6: ♀, both from Algeria, Djurdjura. Scale bar: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6862FFA7FF2A37F69E96D945" blockId="3.[151,1437,1218,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FF2A37F69878D929" collectingDate="2022-06-05" collectionCode="CG, MK" collectorName="Michael Kostal &amp; Bargulas" country="Albania" elevation="1900" latitude="40.616665" location="Tomorrit Mts." longLatPrecision="116" longitude="20.183332" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="8" stateProvince="Berat" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54EF39BE6862FFA7FF2A37F69C6CD8F5" box="[199,308,1219,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(9 ♁♁, 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FE7837F79C8DD8F5" box="[405,469,1218,1245]" count="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
): 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FE0237F79E70D8F4" bold="true" box="[495,808,1218,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<collectingCountry id="F343C78C6862FFA7FE0237F79F28D8F4" box="[495,624,1218,1244]" name="Albania" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">ALBANIA</collectingCountry>
— 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FD6137F69E70D8F4" bold="true" box="[652,808,1218,1245]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<collectingRegion id="499049FE6862FFA7FD6137F69E70D8F4" box="[652,808,1218,1245]" country="Albania" name="Berat" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Berat County</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: ALBANIA mer. / 
<location id="8E8BD1C76862FFA7FBEE37F799FAD8F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD360A6860FFAEFF7A366A9851DD4D:8E8BD1C76862FFA7FBEE37F799FAD8F5" box="[1027,1186,1218,1245]" country="Albania" latitude="40.616665" longLatPrecision="116" longitude="20.183332" name="Tomorrit Mts." pageId="3" pageNumber="554" stateProvince="Berat">Tomorrit Mts.</location>
/ 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FB5737F79832D8F4" box="[1210,1386,1218,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Michael Košťál</collectorName>
leg. // 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FF4237D39C4AD928" box="[175,274,1254,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Bargulas</collectorName>
env. 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FEA237D39CD1D928" box="[335,393,1254,1280]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
NE / pr. 
<collectingRegion id="499049FE6862FFA7FE1F37D29F77D929" box="[498,559,1255,1281]" country="Albania" name="Berat" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Berat</collectingRegion>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FDDA37D29FD5D929" box="[567,653,1255,1281]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation id="0079602F6862FFA7FDDA37D29FD5D929" box="[567,653,1255,1281]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE60E1DB6862FFA7FD4937D29E7AD929" box="[676,802,1255,1281]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="37.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" precision="92" value="40.616665">N 40°37.0´</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE60E1DB6862FFA7FCC737D29EFBD929" box="[810,931,1255,1281]" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="11.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" precision="92" value="20.183332">E 20°11.0´</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<date id="FFEAA1DC6862FFA7FC5637D3997DD929" box="[955,1061,1254,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2022-06-05">
<collectingDate id="EFAE58346862FFA7FC5637D3997DD929" box="[955,1061,1254,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2022-06-05">5.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FBDA37D29939D929" box="[1079,1121,1255,1281]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FB8537D299CAD929" box="[1128,1170,1255,1281]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">CG</collectionCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FB7337D29986D929" box="[1182,1246,1255,1281]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FB0B37D29840D929" box="[1254,1304,1255,1281]" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">MK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FAC137D29F5CD90D" collectingDate="2022-06-30" collectionCode="MK" collectorName="Michael Kostal &amp; Bargulas" country="Albania" elevation="1900" latitude="40.616665" location="Tomorrit Mts." longLatPrecision="116" longitude="20.183332" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Berat" typeStatus="paratype">
same data but “ 
<date id="FFEAA1DC6862FFA7FF21363F9C10D90C" box="[204,328,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2022-06-30">
<collectingDate id="EFAE58346862FFA7FF21363F9C10D90C" box="[204,328,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2022-06-30">30.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
” (1 ♁, 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FE77363E9C9BD90D" box="[410,451,1291,1317]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FE27363E9CA4D90D" box="[458,508,1291,1317]" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">MK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FDE2363E9975D90D" box="[527,1069,1290,1319]" collectingDate="2023-07-07" collectionCode="CG, MK" collectorName="Michael Kostal &amp; Bargulas" country="Albania" elevation="1900" latitude="40.616665" location="Tomorrit Mts." longLatPrecision="116" longitude="20.183332" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berat" typeStatus="paratype">
same data but “ 
<date id="FFEAA1DC6862FFA7FD57363F9E76D90C" box="[698,814,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2023-07-07">
<collectingDate id="EFAE58346862FFA7FD57363F9E76D90C" box="[698,814,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2023-07-07">7.vii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
” (1 ♁ 
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FC94363E9EFBD90D" box="[889,931,1291,1317]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">CG</collectionCode>
, 2 ♁♁ 
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FC1E363E997DD90D" box="[1011,1061,1291,1317]" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">MK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FBD5363E9D89D961" collectingDate="2022-07-01" collectionCode="MK" collectorName="Michael Kostal &amp; Bargulas" country="Albania" elevation="1900" latitude="40.616665" location="Tomorrit Mts." longLatPrecision="116" longitude="20.183332" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berat" typeStatus="paratype">
same data but “ 
<date id="FFEAA1DC6862FFA7FB0E363F9800D90C" box="[1251,1368,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2022-07-01">
<collectingDate id="EFAE58346862FFA7FB0E363F9800D90C" box="[1251,1368,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2022-07-01">1.vii.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
” (1 ♁ 
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FF7A361A9D91D961" box="[151,201,1327,1353]" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">MK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FF30361A9E0FD961" box="[221,855,1326,1355]" collectingDate="2023-09-15" collectionCode="MK" collectorName="Michael Kostal &amp; Bargulas" country="Albania" elevation="1900" latitude="40.618332" location="Tomorrit Mts." longLatPrecision="116" longitude="20.183332" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berat" typeStatus="paratype">
same data but “ 
<date id="FFEAA1DC6862FFA7FE64361B9F5CD961" box="[393,516,1326,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2023-09-15">
<collectingDate id="EFAE58346862FFA7FE64361B9F5CD961" box="[393,516,1326,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2023-09-15">15.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
” and “ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE60E1DB6862FFA7FDBD361A9F89D961" box="[592,721,1327,1353]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="37.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" precision="92" value="40.618332">N 40°37.1´</geoCoordinate>
” (1 ♁ 
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FCF3361A9E08D961" box="[798,848,1327,1353]" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">MK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FC8E361A9E92D945" collectingDate="2023-09-15" collectionCode="MH" collectorName="Milada Holecova &amp; Michael Kostal" country="Albania" elevation="1900" latitude="40.618332" location="Tomorrit Mts." longLatPrecision="116" longitude="20.183332" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Berat" typeStatus="paratype">
same data but “77/22” after “ALBANIA mer.” and “ 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FF4C36679C3DD944" box="[161,357,1362,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Milada Holecová</collectorName>
leg.” instead of “ 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FDCA36679F82D944" box="[551,730,1362,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Michael Košťál</collectorName>
leg.” (1 ♁, 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FCB236669ED1D945" box="[863,905,1363,1389]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FC7D36669E9AD945" box="[912,962,1363,1389]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">MH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6862FFA7FF2A36439FA2D9F1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1218,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FF2A36439FAED9F1" collectingDate="2007-05-31" collectionCode="CG, SB" collectorName="Karpenissi &amp; S. Benedikt" country="Greece" determinerName="Ing. K. Schon" elevation="1500" location="Timfristos Mts." pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sterea Ellada" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FF2A36439F52D9B8" bold="true" box="[199,522,1398,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<collectingCountry id="F343C78C6862FFA7FF2A36439C65D9B8" box="[199,317,1398,1424]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">GREECE</collectingCountry>
— 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FEB436439F52D9B8" bold="true" box="[345,522,1398,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<collectingRegion id="499049FE6862FFA7FEB436439F52D9B8" box="[345,522,1398,1425]" country="Greece" name="Sterea Ellada" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Central Greece</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: same data in the 
<typeStatus id="54EF39BE6862FFA7FD3736439E64D9B8" box="[730,828,1398,1424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(1 ♁ 
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FC6D36429EF3D9B9" box="[896,939,1399,1425]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">CG</collectionCode>
); GRAECIA m. 
<date id="FFEAA1DC6862FFA7FB853642998ED9B9" box="[1128,1238,1399,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2007-05-31">
<collectingDate id="EFAE58346862FFA7FB853642998ED9B9" box="[1128,1238,1399,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2007-05-31">31.v.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
/ 
<location id="8E8BD1C76862FFA7FB03364398C5D9B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD360A6860FFAEFF7A366A9851DD4D:8E8BD1C76862FFA7FB03364398C5D9B9" box="[1262,1437,1398,1425]" country="Greece" name="Timfristos Mts." pageId="3" pageNumber="554" stateProvince="Sterea Ellada">Timfristos Mts.</location>
[Τυμφρηστός] / 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FEBB36AF9C96D99C" box="[342,462,1434,1460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Karpeníssi</collectorName>
env. [Καρπενήσι]. steppe / 
<elevation id="0079602F6862FFA7FCFA36AF9EF7D99C" box="[791,943,1434,1461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FCFA36AF9E28D99D" box="[791,880,1434,1461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
/ 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FC2136AE990BD99C" box="[972,1107,1434,1461]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">S. Benedikt</collectorName>
leg. // 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6862FFA7FB4036AF984FD99C" box="[1197,1303,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synapion</taxonomicName>
/ falzonii / (SCHATZMAYR) / 
<determinerName id="7E376BD86862FFA7FE96368A9F4ED9F0" box="[379,534,1470,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Ing. K. Schön</determinerName>
det. 2006 (1 ♁ 
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FD2A368A9FB5D9F1" box="[711,749,1471,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">SB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6862FFA7FF2A36D79C19DA08" blockId="3.[151,1437,1218,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C8D416862FFA7FF2A36D79C65DA08" collectingDate="2005-06-27" collectionCode="HW" collectorName="S. Benedikt &amp; Herbert Winkelmann" country="Greece" determinerName="Ing. K. Schon" elevation="1900" location="Central Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sterea Ellada">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FF2A36D79CD2D9D4" bold="true" box="[199,394,1506,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<typeStatus id="54EF39BE6862FFA7FF2A36D79CDDD9D4" box="[199,389,1506,1532]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Other material</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Same data as the holotype (
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FD1036D69E63D9D5" box="[765,827,1507,1533]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED451FD96862FFA7FCA736D69E20D9D5" box="[842,888,1507,1533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">HW</collectionCode>
[not seen, testibus 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FB9E36D699A6D9D4" box="[1139,1278,1506,1533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">S. Benedikt</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26A1E2CA6862FFA7FAAA36D79C77DA08" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Herbert Winkelmann</collectorName>
])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34ED4976862FFA7FF2A351E9E5BDA40" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6862FFA7FF2A351E9E5BDA40" blockId="3.[151,1437,1218,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FF2A351E9C16DA6D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1579,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Etymology.</emphasis>
It is a real pleasure for us to dedicate the new species to Stanislav Benedikt, talented entomologist and collector of the first specimens of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34ED4976862FFADFF2A35479C6BDB6C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6862FFA7FF2A35479C92DAD1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1218,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FF2A35479CC3DAB8" bold="true" box="[199,411,1650,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
Description (♁ 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FE9A35419CD4DAB8" box="[375,396,1652,1680]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
Body elongate. Integument black except tarsi and antennae dark brown to nearly black with only the base of antennal scape pale testaceous to testaceous; elytra metallic blue with faint blue-violet reflections. Body vestiture barely visible, composed of microscopic piliform scales that hardly extend beyond the edges of setiferous pores (
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).
</paragraph>
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Measurements and morphological indices (n = 9 ♁♁, 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FCD734379E24DB35" box="[826,892,1794,1821]" count="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
): 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FC7A34369EE1DB35" bold="true" box="[919,953,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Lb</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FC07343799C8DB35" box="[1002,1168,1794,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.435" metricValueMax="3.67" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="3.435" valueMax="3.67" valueMin="3.2">3.20–3.67 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FB4D34379854DB35" box="[1184,1292,1794,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="3.35">3.35 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FAC9343698C8DB35" box="[1316,1424,1795,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="3.23">3.23 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FF7A34129DF4DB69" box="[151,172,1831,1857]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FF5834129C02DB69" box="[181,346,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.7">2.70–3.40 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FE8734129C80DB69" box="[362,472,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="3.13">3.13 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FE0134129F53DB69" bold="true" box="[492,523,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Lr</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FDD634139FB8DB69" box="[571,736,1830,1857]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.97" valueMax="1.06" valueMin="0.88">0.88–1.06 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FD0234139E03DB69" box="[751,859,1830,1857]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.95">0.95 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FC9F34129E85DB69" box="[882,989,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.88">0.88 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FC1F3412995FDB69" box="[1010,1031,1831,1857]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.93–1.00 mm [
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FB283412986BDB69" box="[1221,1331,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.98">0.98 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FAA53412982FDB69" bold="true" box="[1352,1399,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Lpr</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FF7A347F9C62DB4D" box="[151,314,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.70 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FEAA347F9CE9DB4D" box="[327,433,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FE2B347F9F68DB4D" box="[454,560,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.61">0.61 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FDAE347E9F00DB4D" box="[579,600,1867,1893]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FDB2347F9E5ADB4D" box="[607,770,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.69" valueMax="0.73" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.73 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FCE2347F9E23DB4D" box="[783,891,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.69">0.69 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FC60347E9E95DB4D" bold="true" box="[909,973,1867,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Lmtr</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FC15347E99C3DB4D" box="[1016,1179,1867,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.325" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.27">0.27–0.38 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FB45347E984ADB4D" box="[1192,1298,1867,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FACA347E98C8DB4D" box="[1319,1424,1867,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FF7A345A9DF4DBA1" box="[151,172,1903,1929]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FF59345A9C00DBA1" box="[180,344,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.33499999999999996" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.38 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FE8B345A9C8BDBA1" box="[358,467,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FE0A345A9F56DBA1" bold="true" box="[487,526,1903,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Wpr</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FDA6345A9FB7DBA1" box="[587,751,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.115" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.13 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FD13345A9E3FDBA1" box="[766,871,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FC90345A9EBFDBA1" box="[893,999,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FC16345A9948DBA1" box="[1019,1040,1903,1929]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FBF5345A99E4DBA1" box="[1048,1212,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.115" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.13 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FB27345A986EDBA1" box="[1226,1334,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FAA7345A98DCDBA1" bold="true" box="[1354,1412,1903,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Wmsr</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FF5834A79C02DB85" box="[181,346,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.16 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FE8534A79C8CDB85" box="[360,468,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FE0734A79F0DDB85" box="[490,597,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FD8734A69F27DB85" box="[618,639,1939,1965]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FD6534A79E74DB85" box="[648,812,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.145" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.15 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FCD634A79EF1DB85" box="[827,937,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FC5034A69EADDB85" bold="true" box="[957,1013,1939,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Wmtr</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FBD934A79981DB85" box="[1076,1241,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.155" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.16 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FB0534A7980BDB85" box="[1256,1363,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FA8734A79D9FDBF9" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FF3134829DA9DBF9" box="[220,241,1975,2001]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FF1434839CC5DBF9" box="[249,413,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.16 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FE4134839F41DBF9" box="[428,537,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FDC034829F38DBF9" bold="true" box="[557,608,1975,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Wapr</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FD7234829E1CDBF9" box="[671,836,1975,2001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5500000000000003" metricValueMax="1.7000000000000002" metricValueMin="1.4000000000000001" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.155" valueMax="0.17" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.17 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FCBF34839EE5DBF9" box="[850,957,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FC3E34839967DBF9" box="[979,1087,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FBBE34829930DBF9" box="[1107,1128,1975,2001]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FB9D3482984DDBF9" box="[1136,1301,1975,2001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5500000000000003" metricValueMax="1.7000000000000002" metricValueMin="1.4000000000000001" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.155" valueMax="0.17" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.17 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96862FFA7FACE348398C8DBF9" box="[1315,1424,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FF7A34EF9DA0DBDC" bold="true" box="[151,248,2010,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Lr/Wmsr</emphasis>
: ♁ 5.50–6.64 [6.09] (5.50), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FDA734EE9F07DBDD" box="[586,607,2011,2037]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
6.64–7.00 [6.74]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6862FFA7FCDF34EF9E23DBDC" bold="true" box="[818,891,2010,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Lr/Lp</emphasis>
: ♁ 1.24–1.34 [1.29] (1.24), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956862FFA7FB5134EE9989DBDD" box="[1212,1233,2011,2037]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1.27–1.53 [1.37]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FF7A33A39DB9DC98" bold="true" box="[151,225,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Lb/Lr</emphasis>
: ♁ 3.40–3.69 [3.54] (3.67), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FDCC33A29F6EDC99" box="[545,566,151,177]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
2.76–3.40 [3.20]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FCE533A29E6DDC99" bold="true" box="[776,821,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Ley</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FC8C33A2995DDC99" box="[865,1029,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.245" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.28 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FBFE33A29925DC99" box="[1043,1149,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FB7F33A299A4DC99" box="[1170,1276,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FAFD33A2987DDC99" box="[1296,1317,151,177]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FAC133A29D9BDCFD" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.21 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FF22338E9C62DCFD" box="[207,314,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FEA1338F9CCCDCFC" bold="true" box="[332,404,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Lr/La</emphasis>
: ♁ 0.94–1.03 [1.00] (0.97), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FD23338E9FBBDCFD" box="[718,739,187,213]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1.03–1.15 [1.07]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FC5C338E9E8BDCFD" bold="true" box="[945,979,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Lp</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FC11338E99C6DCFD" box="[1020,1182,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.735" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.67">0.67–0.80 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FB46338E984CDCFD" box="[1195,1300,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.73">0.73 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FAC5338E98C8DCFD" box="[1320,1424,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.71">0.71 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FF7A33EA9DF4DCD1" box="[151,172,223,249]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FF5933EA9C00DCD1" box="[180,344,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.715" valueMax="0.79" valueMin="0.64">0.64–0.79 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FE8B33EA9C8BDCD1" box="[358,467,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.72">0.72 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FE0A33EA9F59DCD1" bold="true" box="[487,513,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Wp</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FDD233EA9FBBDCD1" box="[575,739,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.755" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.7">0.70–0.81 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FD1C33EA9E04DCD1" box="[753,860,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FC9C33EA9E84DCD1" box="[881,988,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.70 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FC0233EA995CDCD1" box="[1007,1028,223,249]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FBE133EA99E8DCD1" box="[1036,1200,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.725" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.64">0.64–0.81 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FB5333EA9873DCD1" box="[1214,1323,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="0.73">0.73 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FAD233EB98DBDCD0" bold="true" box="[1343,1411,222,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Lp/Wp</emphasis>
: ♁ 0.95–1.04 [1.00] (1.01), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FE2832369C82DD35" box="[453,474,259,285]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.94–1.03 [0.99]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FD4732369F91DD35" bold="true" box="[682,713,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Le</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FD1932379ECEDD35" box="[756,918,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="2.58" metricValueMin="2.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="2.425" valueMax="2.58" valueMin="2.27">2.27–2.58 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FC4E32379955DD35" box="[931,1037,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="2.35">2.35 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FBCC323699D2DD35" box="[1057,1162,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="2.27">2.27 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FB70323699EADD35" box="[1181,1202,259,285]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FB5432379804DD35" box="[1209,1372,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="1.95" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="2.19" valueMax="2.43" valueMin="1.95">1.95–2.43 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FA8532369D90DD69" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="2.23">2.23 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FF3732129DA8DD69" bold="true" box="[218,240,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">We</emphasis>
: ♁ 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FEC632129C95DD69" box="[299,461,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="1.34" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="1.41" valueMax="1.48" valueMin="1.34">1.34–1.48 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FE3732129F1BDD69" box="[474,579,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="1.42">1.42 mm</quantity>
] (
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FDBA32129F98DD69" box="[599,704,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="1.38">1.38 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FD3F32129FBFDD69" box="[722,743,295,321]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FD0332139EC8DD69" box="[750,912,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.20–1.50 mm</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAC2AF96865FFA0FC7032129950DD69" box="[925,1032,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.36" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="1.36">1.36 mm</quantity>
]; 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FBF73213990EDD68" bold="true" box="[1050,1110,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Le/We</emphasis>
: ♁ 1.59–1.78 [1.66] (1.64), 
<specimenCount id="9D524C956865FFA0FF7A327E9DF4DD4D" box="[151,172,331,357]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1.58–1.73 [1.64].
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2BD7946865FFA0FF7A34629D81DB9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469220/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" startId="4.[151,264,1879,1903]" targetBox="[151,1435,433,1856]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6865FFA0FF7A34629D81DB9E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1879,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FF7A34629C1EDB47" bold="true" box="[151,326,1879,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">FIGURES 7–16.</emphasis>
Head in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 7–11: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6865FFA0FCF034629933DB47" authority="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová, 2024" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" box="[797,1131,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FCF034629E23DB46" box="[797,891,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FC6434629959DB46" box="[905,1025,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FBE334629933DB47" box="[1038,1131,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FB9C346299F1DB47" bold="true" box="[1137,1193,1879,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E6756865FFA0FB9C346299F1DB47" box="[1137,1193,1879,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 7–8: ♁ holotype, 9–11: ♀ paratype.—12–16: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6865FFA0FE99344E9FECDBBB" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[372,692,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii" subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FE99344E9C8ADBBA" box="[372,466,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FE0C344E9F01DBBA" box="[481,601,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6865FFA0FD85344E9FECDBBB" box="[616,692,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">falzonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 12–13: ♁, 14–16: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2BD7946864FFA1FF7A34A29991DBDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469222/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" startId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1406,186,1915]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6864FFA1FF7A34A29991DBDF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1943,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FF7A34A29C0DDB87" bold="true" box="[151,341,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">FIGURES 17–28.</emphasis>
Antenna, protarsus, claw, sternite VIII and sternite IX. 17–22: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6864FFA1FC3134AD9876DB98" authority="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová, 2024" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" box="[988,1326,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FC3134AD9962DB87" box="[988,1082,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FBA734AD999ADB87" box="[1098,1218,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FB3C34AD9876DB98" box="[1233,1326,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FAD834AD9837DB98" bold="true" box="[1333,1391,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E6756864FFA1FAD834AD9837DB98" box="[1333,1391,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 17, 19–22: ♁ holotype, 18: ♀ paratype.—23–28: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6864FFA1FD8234899EEADBFC" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[623,946,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii" subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FD8234899F95DBFB" box="[623,717,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FD3334899E0EDBFB" box="[734,854,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6864FFA1FC8B34899EEADBFC" box="[870,946,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">falzonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 23: ♁, 24: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco; 25–26, 28 (♁) from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco; 27 (♁) from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2BD7946867FFA2FF7A34A29C70DBD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469224/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" startId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1409,183,1913]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6867FFA2FF7A34A29C70DBD0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FF7A34A29C0DDB87" bold="true" box="[151,341,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">FIGURES 29–38.</emphasis>
Penis in ventral and lateral view, penal apex and tegmen in ventral view, terminal apodeme in lateral view. 29–33: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6867FFA2FF0834899F60DBFC" authority="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová, 2024" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" box="[229,568,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FF0834899C1BDBFB" box="[229,323,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FEBE34899C93DBFB" box="[339,459,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FE3634899F60DBFC" box="[475,568,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FDD234899F22DBFC" bold="true" box="[575,634,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E6756867FFA2FDD234899F22DBFC" box="[575,634,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♁ holotype.—34–38: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6867FFA2FC85348999F2DBFC" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[872,1194,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii" subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FC8534899E9EDBFB" box="[872,966,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FC3A34899917DBFB" box="[983,1103,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6867FFA2FBB3348999F2DBFC" box="[1118,1194,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">falzonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁ from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2BD7946866FFA3FF7A34A29E59DBDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469226/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="558" startId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[183,1405,187,1918]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6866FFA3FF7A34A29E59DBDF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FF7A34A29C0DDB87" bold="true" box="[151,341,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">FIGURES 39–49.</emphasis>
Sternite VIII, gonocoxite in ventral view, stylus in ventral and lateral view, spermatheca. 39–43: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6866FFA3FAD334AD9CD9DBFC" authority="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová, 2024" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FAD334AD98C4DB87" box="[1342,1436,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FF4D34899C40DBFB" box="[160,280,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FEC934899CD9DBFC" box="[292,385,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FE6934899CE3DBFC" bold="true" box="[388,443,1980,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E6756866FFA3FE6934899CE3DBFC" box="[388,443,1980,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="558" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♀ paratype.—44–49: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6866FFA3FD7034899E8FDBFC" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[669,983,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii" subGenus="Giustiapion">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FD7034899FA3DBFB" box="[669,763,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Synapion</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FCEA34899E27DBFB" box="[775,895,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Giustiapion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6866FFA3FC6634899E8FDBFC" box="[907,983,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">falzonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 44–47: ♀ from Italy:Abruzzo, Sant’Eufemia a Maiella, 48–49: ♀ from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6869FFACFF2A33A29F73DF75" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">
Rostrum moderately sexually dimorphic (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996869FFACFD7D33A29E59DC99" box="[656,769,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,433,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-127@4.[151,1435,381,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Head in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 7–11: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 7–8: ♁ holotype, 9–11: ♀ paratype.—12–16: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 12–13: ♁, 14–16: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469220/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view, metarostrum slightly narrowed immediately beyond eyes, then parallel or subparallel sided up to antennal insertion; prorostrum with concave sides, strongly narrowed between basal third and middle, then widened into a trumpet shape toward apex; in lateral view, quite regularly curved, barely thickened in apical third, with septum between antennae very obtusely rounded, weakly protruding; surface shiny, finely punctate, more densely at base, punctures gradually becoming sparser to apex, weakly microreticulate from base to antennal insertion; in ventral view, prorostrum with two irregular rows of punctures, with broad median impunctate area; scrobes latero-ventral with sharp edges, vanishing before venter of head, long before the transverse keel which, in lateral view, resembles a minute sub-ocular tooth; septum of scrobes broad, between antennal insertions with a shallow median groove laterally edged by two fine keels. Head conical; eyes moderately convex; epifrons between eyes with a broad furrow and, sometimes, also with a very fine longitudinal median rib; vertex gently convex and punctured; temples divergent with two rows of setiferous punctures along posterior margin of eyes, then with several wrinkles; head venter convex; genae and gular sector shiny, with fine transverse wrinkles. Antennae elongate (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996869FFACFCFA31729ECFDE49" box="[791,919,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,186,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[176,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Antenna, protarsus, claw, sternite VIII and sternite IX. 17–22: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 17, 19–22: ♁ holotype, 18: ♀ paratype.—23–28: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 23: ♁, 24: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco; 25–26, 28 (♁) from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco; 27 (♁) from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469222/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
) inserted at basal 0.31–0.37 [0.34] (0.31) (♁) or 0.30–0.38 [0.34] (
<specimenCount id="9D524C956869FFACFE69315E9CCEDEAD" box="[388,406,619,645]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="559" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) of rostrum with scape and funicle bearing semi-erect to erect setae and with club, besides the dense recumbent pubescence, with three complete combs of protruding setae, one for each segment; scape 4.50–5.00 [4.83] (5.00) (♁) or 5.74 (
<specimenCount id="9D524C956869FFACFDDC31869F1BDEE5" box="[561,579,691,717]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="559" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times as long as wide, slightly shorter (♁) or as long as (
<specimenCount id="9D524C956869FFACFB2731869984DEE5" box="[1226,1244,691,717]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="559" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) the club; 1 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFA8F31869835DEE9" attach="left" box="[1378,1389,691,705]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">st</superScript>
and 2 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFF4831E39DEDDECC" attach="left" box="[165,181,726,740]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">nd</superScript>
funicular segments about 2 times as long as wide, globose-elongate and subconical, respectively; 3 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFAF531E3987EDECC" attach="none" box="[1304,1318,726,740]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">rd</superScript>
–6 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFAAF31E39817DECC" attach="left" box="[1346,1359,726,740]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">th</superScript>
barely longer than wide, rounded; 7 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFE3631CF9CB0DF20" attach="left" box="[475,488,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">th</superScript>
isodiametric, sub-trapezoidal; club fusiform, compact, trimerous, with segments not loosely connate, 2.30–2.40 times as long as wide with basal segment isodiametric sub-trapezoidal, median segment transverse and terminal one conical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6869FFACFF2A30529E2FDAC9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">
Prothorax (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996869FFACFEAA30529CF7DFA9" box="[327,431,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,209,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[164,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Habitus. 1–2: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 1: ♁ holotype, 2: ♀ paratype.—3–4: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 3: ♁, 4: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469216/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view, almost isodiametric, rounded at sides, widest just behind middle; disc weakly convex, densely punctate; punctures round, 16–32 μm in diameter, separated by a distance equal to or slightly less than their diameter; interspaces flat or slightly convex, shining; prescutellar fovea long, ranging from base to apical third of pronotum, in basal third broad and deep then thin and finely impressed, distally scratch-like; laterally, notosternal suture ending in a deep pit; procoxal cavities contiguous without posterior rim; prosternellum, apically, hemispherical. Scutellar shield concealed. Elytra (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996869FFACFCC1372E9EC9D81D" box="[812,913,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,209,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[164,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Habitus. 1–2: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 1: ♁ holotype, 2: ♀ paratype.—3–4: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 3: ♁, 4: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469216/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view elongate, suboval to elliptical, with undeveloped humeral calli; striae impressed without sharp edges, punctate, straight, not shortened at base, apically joining as follows: 1+2+9, 5+6, 7+8, striae 3 and 4 connected or narrowly disconnected; intervals slightly convex, feebly shiny, transversely microrugulose, with sparse micropunctures; each micropuncture bears a barely visible hair-like recumbent seta whose apex barely exceeds edge of puncture itself; specialized setae absent. Hind wings absent. Mesoventrite microreticulate, with anapleural sutures reduced to obsolescent oblique lines; mesepimeral sulci well impressed, sharply edged, with sparse setiferous punctures; mesepimera matt; mesocoxal cavities contiguous; intermesocoxal process of mesoventrite triangular. Metaventrite finely punctate and shagreened, posteriorly, along midline, slightly hollowed; intermesocoxal process of metaventrite triangular, similar to the mesoventral one; posterior rim of mesocoxal cavities complete, raised, narrow. Legs slender; pro- and mesocoxae conical, reticulate at base, smooth and shiny at apex; trochanters subtriangular, barely longer than broad; all femora almost equally thick, thickest just before middle, unarmed, micropunctate, in central swollen part irregularly transversely wrinkled; each micropuncture bears one short hair-like recumbent seta; tibiae straight, feebly widening towards apex, microreticulate with short hair-like setae inserted in small punctures; inner side of tibiae, on most length, with rows of golden to brownish semi-erect setae, especially conspicuous at apex; tarsi short, robust, with first two tarsomeres shallowly emarginated; 1 
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pro-, meso- and metatarsomere 1.23–1.30, 1.42–1.56 and 1.70–1.76 times as long as wide, respectively; 2 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFDD3356F9F16DA40" attach="left" box="[574,590,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">nd</superScript>
tarsomere 0.92–1.00 times as long as wide and 0.60–0.81 times as long as 1 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFF48354A9DE8DAA5" attach="left" box="[165,176,1663,1677]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">st</superScript>
one; 3 
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tarsomere with well-developed lobes, 0.83–1.07 times as long as wide and 1.20–1.44 times as long as 2 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFA61354B98C4DAA4" attach="none" box="[1420,1436,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">nd</superScript>
one; onychium 3.58–4.17 times as long as wide and 1.46–1.83 times as long as 3 
<superScript id="7C212A546869FFACFBC635979961DA98" attach="left" box="[1067,1081,1698,1712]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">rd</superScript>
tarsomere; male protarsus as in 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996869FFACFF7A35F29DB2DAC9" box="[151,234,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,186,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[176,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Antenna, protarsus, claw, sternite VIII and sternite IX. 17–22: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 17, 19–22: ♁ holotype, 18: ♀ paratype.—23–28: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 23: ♁, 24: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco; 25–26, 28 (♁) from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco; 27 (♁) from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469222/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
; claws robust, each with a broad and blunt tooth (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996869FFACFCFB35F29E33DAC9" box="[790,875,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,186,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[176,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Antenna, protarsus, claw, sternite VIII and sternite IX. 17–22: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 17, 19–22: ♁ holotype, 18: ♀ paratype.—23–28: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 23: ♁, 24: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco; 25–26, 28 (♁) from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco; 27 (♁) from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469222/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6869FFACFF2A35DE9F48DB59" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Abdominal ventrites 1–2 feebly shiny, almost imperceptibly transversely wrinkled with round punctures, 15–25 μm in diameter, separated by a distance equal to or slightly larger than their diameter; ventrites 3–5 microreticulate; ventrites 3–4 punctured like previous ones; ventrite 5, particularly at apex, densely punctate, with small round punctures, 10–18 μm in diameter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6869FFADFF2A344E9E2DDDF9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,465]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">
Male. Intermetacoxal process sub-trapezoidal with rounded apex and conspicuously impressed in the middle. Ventrite 5 apically truncate. Pygidium, in dorsal view, transversely rectangular, rounded at apex; transverse sulcus well-developed, sharply edged; in lateral view, markedly convex, with vertical apical wall densely punctate and setose; apodemes well-developed. Sternite VIII as in 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFD1933A29E10DC99" box="[756,840,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,186,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[176,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Antenna, protarsus, claw, sternite VIII and sternite IX. 17–22: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 17, 19–22: ♁ holotype, 18: ♀ paratype.—23–28: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 23: ♁, 24: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco; 25–26, 28 (♁) from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco; 27 (♁) from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469222/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
. Sternite IX as in 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFBFA33A2993BDC99" box="[1047,1123,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,186,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[176,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Antenna, protarsus, claw, sternite VIII and sternite IX. 17–22: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 17, 19–22: ♁ holotype, 18: ♀ paratype.—23–28: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 23: ♁, 24: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco; 25–26, 28 (♁) from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco; 27 (♁) from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469222/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Fig 22</figureCitation>
. Tegmen (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFB3433A29802DC99" box="[1241,1370,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–38" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,183,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[176,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 29–38. Penis in ventral and lateral view, penal apex and tegmen in ventral view, terminal apodeme in lateral view. 29–33: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., ♁ holotype.—34–38: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, ♁ from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469224/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Figs 29–30</figureCitation>
) with apodeme just longer than basal piece fork, not or weakly dilated apicad; apical membranous lobes short, obliquely subtruncate; suprafenestral sclerites with 18–20 long outer macrosetae and 6–8 shorter inner setae. Penis (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFA8733EA9D86DD35" captionStart="FIGURES 29–38" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,183,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[176,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 29–38. Penis in ventral and lateral view, penal apex and tegmen in ventral view, terminal apodeme in lateral view. 29–33: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., ♁ holotype.—34–38: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, ♁ from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469224/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Figs 31–33</figureCitation>
) with pedon at least twice as long as apodemes; in ventral view, pedon, from base to penile orifice, with very weakly rounded sides, feebly converging apicad then, from penile orifice to apex, gradually roundly narrowed; apex (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFF72327E9DA8DD4D" box="[159,240,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–38" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,183,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[176,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 29–38. Penis in ventral and lateral view, penal apex and tegmen in ventral view, terminal apodeme in lateral view. 29–33: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., ♁ holotype.—34–38: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, ♁ from Italy: Umbria, Monte Cucco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469224/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) subtruncate; in lateral view, quite regularly curved. Endophallus partially exposed, with two basal fusiform lobes provided with numerous series of ordered spines; two tufts of non-ordered spines, in front of fusiform lobes, surround a V-shaped sclerotized area; from sclerotized area to penile orifice, endophallus with numerous spines, basally rather long with rounded apices, then shorter and pointed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2BD7946868FFADFF7A36F19E27DA0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469228/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" startId="9.[151,264,1476,1500]" targetBox="[151,1435,489,1453]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6868FFADFF7A36F19E27DA0B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1476,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFF7A36F19C0ED9F4" bold="true" box="[151,342,1476,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">FIGURES 50–53.</emphasis>
Habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFE2336F19FC9D9F4" authority="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová, 2024" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" box="[462,657,1476,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFE2336F19FC9D9F4" box="[462,657,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Synapion benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFD7436F19F8CD9F4" bold="true" box="[665,724,1476,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E6756868FFADFD7436F19F8CD9F4" box="[665,724,1476,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
50: Greece: Kaliakouda Mts., the type locality (photo: S. Benedikt); 51: Greece: Timfristos Mts., steppe slope (photo: S. Benedikt); 52: Albania: Tomorrit Mts., slope; 53: Albania: Tomorrit Mts., limestone-rocky grassy slope with mixed 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFDD335399FCEDA0B" box="[574,662,1548,1571]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFDD335399F2ADA0B" box="[574,626,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Stipa</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFD2A35399E27DA0B" box="[711,895,1548,1572]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFD2A35399E04DA0C" box="[711,860,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Brachypodium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6868FFADFF2A35439C6BDB6C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1654,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
Female. Rostrum (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFE7235439F4CDAB8" box="[415,532,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,433,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-127@4.[151,1435,381,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–16. Head in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 7–11: Synapion (Giustiapion) benedikti n. sp., 7–8: ♁ holotype, 9–11: ♀ paratype.—12–16: Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 12–13: ♁, 14–16: ♀, both from Italy: Umbria, Monte Vettore. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469220/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
) moderately longer and thinner. Ventrite 5 slightly convex, apically rounded. Sternite VIII as in 
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFE8135AF9CE7DA9C" box="[364,447,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–49" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,187,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 39–49. Sternite VIII, gonocoxite in ventral view, stylus in ventral and lateral view, spermatheca. 39–43: Synapion (Giustiapion) benediktin.sp., ♀ paratype.—44–49:Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 44–47:♀ from Italy:Abruzzo, Sant’Eufemia a Maiella, 48–49: ♀ from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469226/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
. Gonocoxites (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFD8435AF9FE5DA9C" box="[617,701,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–49" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,187,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 39–49. Sternite VIII, gonocoxite in ventral view, stylus in ventral and lateral view, spermatheca. 39–43: Synapion (Giustiapion) benediktin.sp., ♀ paratype.—44–49:Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 44–47:♀ from Italy:Abruzzo, Sant’Eufemia a Maiella, 48–49: ♀ from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469226/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
) elongate, weakly curved at apex, about 3.57–3.60 times as long as wide, apically with a long seta at base of styli; styli (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFCEE358B9EDBDAF0" box="[771,899,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–49" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,187,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 39–49. Sternite VIII, gonocoxite in ventral view, stylus in ventral and lateral view, spermatheca. 39–43: Synapion (Giustiapion) benediktin.sp., ♀ paratype.—44–49:Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 44–47:♀ from Italy:Abruzzo, Sant’Eufemia a Maiella, 48–49: ♀ from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469226/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Figs 41–42</figureCitation>
) small, bell-shaped, about 1.50 times as long as wide, with 7 long apical setae. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFD4D35D79FABDAD4" box="[672,755,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–49" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,187,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 39–49. Sternite VIII, gonocoxite in ventral view, stylus in ventral and lateral view, spermatheca. 39–43: Synapion (Giustiapion) benediktin.sp., ♀ paratype.—44–49:Synapion (Giustiapion) falzonii, 44–47:♀ from Italy:Abruzzo, Sant’Eufemia a Maiella, 48–49: ♀ from Italy: Abruzzo, Monte San Franco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469226/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
) densely strigose, C-shaped with suboval corpus and cornu rounded at apex; bulbus receiving gland well-developed; gland about as long as spermatheca; membranous duct long and thin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34ED4976868FFADFF2A347B9F7CDB40" box="[199,548,1870,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6868FFADFF2A347B9F7CDB40" blockId="9.[151,1437,1654,2041]" box="[199,548,1870,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFF2A347B9C39DB40" bold="true" box="[199,353,1870,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343C78C6868FFADFE8B347B9C9ADB40" box="[358,450,1870,1896]" name="Albania" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Albania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F343C78C6868FFADFE20347B9F78DB40" box="[461,544,1870,1896]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Greece</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34ED4976868FFAEFF2A34479851DD4D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEB871C6868FFAEFF2A34479E9DDD35" blockId="9.[151,1437,1654,2041]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFF2A34479C7FDBA4" bold="true" box="[199,295,1906,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Biology.</emphasis>
Vegetation of both Albanian and Greek localities is characterized by the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFB2734469871DBA5" box="[1226,1321,1907,1933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFB273446985CDBA5" box="[1226,1284,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Stipa</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFAD8344798CCDBA4" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1333,1428,1906,1932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) and several species of fabaceous plants: 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFD8E34A39E5DDB99" box="[611,773,1942,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFD8E34A39F84DB98" box="[611,732,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Astragalus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(Timfristos Mts.) (Benedikt, pers. comm.) or 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFAFD34A398C4DB99" box="[1296,1436,1942,1969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eosiphonidae" genus="Lathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFAFD34A3982CDB98" box="[1296,1396,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Lathyrus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFF2B348E9C73DBFD" box="[198,299,1979,2005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFF2B348E9C5CDBFC" box="[198,260,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Lotus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(Tomorrit Mts.). In addition, it is also interesting to point out the presence of a 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFB4D348F98C4DBFC" box="[1184,1436,1978,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E6868FFADFB4D348F981DDBFC" box="[1184,1349,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Brachypodium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F6868FFADFF7234EB9DA6DBD0" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[159,254,2014,2040]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) in Tomorrit Mts. (
<figureCitation id="136F9B996868FFADFE3734EB9F76DBD1" box="[474,558,2014,2041]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–53" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1476,1500]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-164@9.[151,1435,489,1453]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 50–53. Habitat of Synapion benedikti n. sp. 50: Greece: Kaliakouda Mts., the type locality (photo: S. Benedikt); 51: Greece: Timfristos Mts., steppe slope (photo: S. Benedikt); 52: Albania: Tomorrit Mts., slope; 53: Albania: Tomorrit Mts., limestone-rocky grassy slope with mixed Stipa sp. and Brachypodium sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469228/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
). We highlight this fact because in many Italian localities, in similar habitats, hundreds of specimens of the related 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F686BFFAEFDAE33A29FEDDC99" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[579,693,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E686BFFAEFDAE33A29FEDDC99" box="[579,693,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">S. falzonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected by the first author on the stems of 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F686BFFAEFB1A33A29F5DDCFD" authority="(DC.) Roem. &amp; Schult." authorityName="Roem. &amp; Schult." baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="genuense">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E686BFFAEFB1A33A29DA7DCFC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">Brachypodium genuense</emphasis>
(DC.) Roem. &amp; Schult.
</taxonomicName>
throughout the year. Despite this, we do not assume that a “grass” could be the host plant of either 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F686BFFAEFED433EA9CE3DCD1" authority="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová, 2024" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" box="[313,443,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E686BFFAEFED433EA9CE3DCD1" box="[313,443,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">S. benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9205B0E686BFFAEFE2C33EA9CA7DCD1" bold="true" box="[449,511,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213E675686BFFAEFE2C33EA9CA7DCD1" box="[449,511,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F686BFFAEFDC933EA9FCBDCD1" baseAuthorityName="Schatzmayr" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[548,659,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falzonii">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E686BFFAEFDC933EA9FCBDCD1" box="[548,659,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">S. falzonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because, so far, our numerous attempts to find larvae and/or pupae on these 
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F686BFFAEFF3532369C6CDD35" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[216,308,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
have been unsuccessful. The host plant remains unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB871C686BFFAEFF2A32129851DD4D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicName id="4C54FC9F686BFFAEFF2A32129CC7DD69" authorityName="Giusto &amp; Košťál &amp; Holecová" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,415,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Synapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benedikti">
<emphasis id="B9205B0E686BFFAEFF2A32129CC7DD69" box="[199,415,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">Synapion benedikti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits montane steppe grasslands on calcareous soils from 1500 to about 
<quantity id="4CAC2AF9686BFFAEFAE532129807DD69" box="[1288,1375,295,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="561" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="136F9B99686BFFAEFF72327E9C7BDD4D" box="[159,291,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–53" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1476,1500]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-164@9.[151,1435,489,1453]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 50–53. Habitat of Synapion benedikti n. sp. 50: Greece: Kaliakouda Mts., the type locality (photo: S. Benedikt); 51: Greece: Timfristos Mts., steppe slope (photo: S. Benedikt); 52: Albania: Tomorrit Mts., slope; 53: Albania: Tomorrit Mts., limestone-rocky grassy slope with mixed Stipa sp. and Brachypodium sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469228/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="561">Figs 50–52</figureCitation>
). The few available specimens indicate that the adults are active from May to September.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>