154 lines
21 KiB
XML
154 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="12B25193578DBD21107120C5121EC53C" ID-CLB-Dataset="22404" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cb2ffd7-92ec-48c0-9792-56fd0870a0cb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3784187" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588577983176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="He, Zhu-Qing & Shen, Chu-Ze" docDate="2020" docId="03E887DEFFBFFFD7049619A0FABB0B5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4768.3.11.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4768 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lissotrachelus ferrugineonotatus Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="444" masterDocId="FFD1FFA6FFBEFFD50451193AFF8B0A19" masterDocTitle="First record of Lissotrachelus ferrugineonotatus cricket producing ultrasound (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)" masterLastPageNumber="445" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="444" updateTime="1698838385756" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="732030F1B25A1F22C59696BC5B1CD097">First record of Lissotrachelus ferrugineonotatus cricket producing ultrasound (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0745C9E9D428EEB3C13AF0805B14CBDC">He, Zhu-Qing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9C755C21AF169991E28C9F0DE1207F0">Shen, Chu-Ze</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1A873E701FAFA735C4E2453391D00BE">Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BEF4E42658CDA6096F4CCD4A901473FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BA594413E57F99A20A7D100AE5FD9A39">
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<mods:date id="81226C0B73C4BF7AD875A791CE9652E0">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3B496DD378DB13D8057678F643F6A25D">2020-05-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="19DA2B56C4D31B165FDB421A38549164">4768</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6543FFBFFFD4049619A0FDA10AAB" box="[199,554,154,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36C8FFBFFFD4049619A0FDA10AAB" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,682]" box="[199,554,154,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD4049619A0FDA10AAB" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[199,554,154,178]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Lissotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineonotatus">
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<emphasis id="B935EADAFFBFFFD4049619A0FDA10AAB" box="[199,554,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Lissotrachelus ferrugineonotatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6543FFBFFFD4066219A0FAB90BB7" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36C8FFBFFFD4066219A0FAB90BB7" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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are small crickets in
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<quantity id="4CB99B2DFFBFFFD4074619A0FCEF0AAB" box="[791,868,154,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137A2A4DFFBFFFD4072519A0FC3A0AAB" box="[884,945,154,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="0.[151,250,1946,1971]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,1129,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@0.[151,1436,1027,1919]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="FIGURE 1 Lissotrachelus ferrugineonotatus: A, male; B, female; C, teeth of right forewing (scale bar = 100 μm); D, teeth of right forewing (scale bar = 5 μm); E, teeth of left forewing (scale bar = 5 μm)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784189/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A–B;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B39FFBFFFD407A919A0FB1F0AAB" author="Chopard, L." box="[1016,1172,154,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" refId="ref1037" refString="Chopard, L. (1969) Grylloidea. The fauna of India and adjacent countries. Orthoptera. Vol. 2. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, 421 pp." type="book" year="1969">Chopard 1969</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B39FFBFFFD400F119A0FAD10AAB" author="Yin H. - S. & Liu X. - W." box="[1184,1370,154,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" refId="ref1497" refString="Yin H. - S. & Liu X. - W. (1995) Synopsis on the classification of Grylloidea and Gryllotalpoidea from China. Shanghai Scientific and Technological Literature, Shanghai, 237 pp." type="book" year="1995">Yin & Liu, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). Living
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD404901985FE160ACF" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[193,413,190,214]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Lissotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineonotatus">
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<emphasis id="B935EADAFFBFFFD404901985FE160ACF" box="[193,413,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">L. ferrugineonotatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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crickets were collected from Ruili, Yunnan. Four males and five females were kept in a plastic box with small holes (diameter:
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, height:
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<quantity id="4CB99B2DFFBFFFD406C819D8FD6E0AE3" box="[665,741,226,250]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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) in the laboratory in temperature 25 degree. UltraSoundGate 116 (linked with computer) were used to recorded their songs near the box at 1600 kbps/36000 Hz sample rate. Songs were replayed for analysis using Cool Edit software. To observe the teeth structures on forewings, we removed and placed them in 100% ethyl alcohol. Prior to SEM observation, samples were placed in a Quorum K850 critical point dryer (Quorum,
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<collectingCountry id="F3567658FFBFFFD404C61848FF340B93" box="[151,191,370,394]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">UK</collectingCountry>
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) to be desiccated, and then placed on conductive tape and coated with platinum. Observations were conducted with a Hitachi E-1010 scanning electron microscope at 10kV and the figures were also taken by the same instrument.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6543FFBFFFD704961880FABB0B5B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36C8FFBFFFD404961880FE3408B3" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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The male was observed singing without moving or chasing females. We considered it as the calling songs rather than courtship sounds, though females were nearby. Although our ears could not hear their songs, three records of songs were detected by the device (
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<figureCitation id="137A2A4DFFBFFFD405CB1B38FE560803" box="[410,477,514,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,711,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1437,703,1724]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2 Characters of songs: A, B, C, waveform of three record of songs; D, frequency spectra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Songs consisted of stereotyped chirps with almost no variation. The rate of chirps was
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<geoCoordinate id="EE75500FFFBFFFD404C61B1CFF680827" box="[151,227,550,574]" degrees="5.85" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" precision="555" value="5.85">5.85 N</geoCoordinate>
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/s. Each chirp contained two pulses (only one chirps in three songs having three pulses as in
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<figureCitation id="137A2A4DFFBFFFD400EF1B1CFA9A0827" box="[1214,1297,550,574]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,711,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1437,703,1724]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2 Characters of songs: A, B, C, waveform of three record of songs; D, frequency spectra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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). Two pulses had 0.0279±
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<geoCoordinate id="EE75500FFFBFFFD4054F1B70FEFB087B" box="[286,368,586,610]" degrees="0.0007" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" precision="5" value="-7.0E-4">0.0007s</geoCoordinate>
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interval. The frequency peak was 25.65±0.09 kHz (
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<figureCitation id="137A2A4DFFBFFFD407CC1B70FBE9087B" box="[925,1122,586,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,711,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1437,703,1724]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2 Characters of songs: A, B, C, waveform of three record of songs; D, frequency spectra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 2-A2, B2, C2</figureCitation>
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, D). Different to the songs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD404C61B54FEAF089F" box="[151,292,622,646]" class="Insecta" family="Eneopterinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eneopterinae</taxonomicName>
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crickets having several peaks, only one frequency peak showed in frequency spectra and no other peak was detected in range 0-36 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3E6640FFBFFFD404C61FECFB0D0CF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784191" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3784191" box="[151,1158,1750,1776]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" startId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" targetBox="[158,1430,711,1724]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36C8FFBFFFD404C61FECFB0D0CF6" blockId="1.[151,1158,1750,1776]" box="[151,1158,1750,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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<emphasis id="B935EADAFFBFFFD404C61FECFE860CF6" bold="true" box="[151,269,1750,1775]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
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Characters of songs: A, B, C, waveform of three record of songs; D, frequency spectra.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36C8FFBFFFD704961E25FABB0B5B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1823,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,154,322]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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Both forewings had teeth. The teeth on right forewing were larger than those on left forewing. Teeth on left forewing were closer together with each other (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE75500FFFBFFFD4067B1E79FDF80D42" box="[554,627,1859,1883]" degrees="1.25" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" precision="555" value="1.25">1.25 N</geoCoordinate>
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/ 5 μm), while teeth on right forewing were not so close (1 N / 5 μm). Total 109 similar teeth arranged with except for a few teeth at either end on right forewing (
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<figureCitation id="137A2A4DFFBFFFD4006E1E5DFB1F0D66" box="[1087,1172,1895,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="0.[151,250,1946,1971]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,1129,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@0.[151,1436,1027,1919]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="FIGURE 1 Lissotrachelus ferrugineonotatus: A, male; B, female; C, teeth of right forewing (scale bar = 100 μm); D, teeth of right forewing (scale bar = 5 μm); E, teeth of left forewing (scale bar = 5 μm)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784189/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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). Each tooth was thin in shape with sharp edged. These features were most similar to that found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD407FA1EB1FBB00DBA" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1874" box="[939,1083,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trigonidiinae">Trigonidiinae</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD4000F1EB1FB6F0DBA" box="[1118,1252,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nemobiinae">Nemobiinae</taxonomicName>
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. There is no phylogenetic study including genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD405A51E95FD1B0DDE" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[500,656,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Lissotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EADAFFBFFFD405A51E95FD1B0DDE" box="[500,656,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Lissotrachelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD406E41E95FCDF0DDE" authorityName="Hubbell" authorityYear="1938" box="[693,852,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lissotrachelini">Lissotrachelini</taxonomicName>
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until now.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B39FFBFFFD4079F1E8AFA950DDE" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C." box="[974,1310,1967,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref977" refString="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1893) Revision du systeme des Orthopteres et description des especes rapportees par M. Leonardo Fea de Birmanie. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, 2 (13), 1 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5121" type="journal article" year="1893">Brunner von Wattenwyl (1893)</bibRefCitation>
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established genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD4048D1EE9FEF30DF2" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[220,376,2003,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Lissotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EADAFFBFFFD4048D1EE9FEF30DF2" box="[220,376,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Lissotrachelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with 3 new species and considered it belonging to the ant crickets,
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBFFFD400171EE9FA8C0DF2" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1874" box="[1094,1287,2003,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Myrmecophilidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B39FFBFFFD401411EE9FA160DF2" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[1296,1437,2003,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" pagination="1 - 562" refId="ref1154" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1906) Orthoptera Saltatoria. Part I. (Achetidae et Phasgonuridae). A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae), 2, i-viii + 1 - 562" type="journal article" year="1906">Kirby (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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followed this classification, but treated
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD7061319A0FC8B0AAB" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1874" box="[578,768,154,178]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Myrmecophilidae</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD7077719A0FC6C0AAB" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1874" box="[806,999,154,178]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmecophilinae">Myrmecophilinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B39FFBCFFD707A219A0FB150AAB" author="Chopard, L." box="[1011,1182,154,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refId="ref1037" refString="Chopard, L. (1969) Grylloidea. The fauna of India and adjacent countries. Orthoptera. Vol. 2. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, 421 pp." type="book" year="1969">Chopard (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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placing it in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD7010919A0FF720ACF" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Pentacentridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentacentridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
bsased on “the shape of the head with sloping forehead and antennae inserted beneath the middle of the face”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B39FFBCFFD704C619D8FED30AE0" author="Yin H. - S. & Liu X. - W." box="[151,344,225,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refId="ref1497" refString="Yin H. - S. & Liu X. - W. (1995) Synopsis on the classification of Grylloidea and Gryllotalpoidea from China. Shanghai Scientific and Technological Literature, Shanghai, 237 pp." type="book" year="1995">Yin & Liu (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered it in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD7066A19D8FD610AE3" authorityName="Hubbell" authorityYear="1938" box="[571,746,226,250]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lissotrachelinae">Lissotrachelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD7076919D8FC470AE3" box="[824,972,226,250]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trigonidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the shape of forewing teeth, we consider this genus belongs to family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD70678183CFD360B07" box="[553,701,262,286]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trigonidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That the second joint of tarsi flattened suggests
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD70090183CFA170B07" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1893" box="[1217,1436,262,286]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Lissotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineonotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EADAFFBCFFD70090183CFB5B0B04" box="[1217,1232,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EADAFFBCFFD7008C183CFA170B07" box="[1245,1436,262,286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">ferrugineonotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D4BFFBCFFD705671810FE370B5B" box="[310,444,298,322]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nemobiinae">Nemobiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These inferences should be tested by molecular phylogenetic studies in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |