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<document id="5F55AB9343A1E14D1B17B4BB235955FB" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a21" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbbecb4d-bda5-4215-9147-a47944250471" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3725956" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:034A7358-CF99-4908-B047-557074A2E58E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585070543122" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Bishop, John D. D., Madurell, Teresa, Souto, Javier, Spencer Jones, Mary E. &amp; Zabala, Mikel" docDate="2019" docId="0381494AFFE9FF81FC233FDEFA9C287E" docLanguage="en" docName="zoosystema.41.21.385-418.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 41 (21)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402.4:Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Collarina speluncola Harmelin 2019, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="9FCF7C95-06C5-4FFF-A4E1-701C4E070962" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="406" masterDocId="FFB83132FFFCFF96FF813B4BFFB62C6F" masterDocTitle="Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978" masterLastPageNumber="418" masterPageNumber="385" pageNumber="404" updateTime="1698731178201" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="359F99BBC6612A118CBE88E1ED254145">Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2977093787BC780790B11DC956036598">Harmelin, Jean-Georges</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFE9FF83FC233FDEFB4228DF" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[930,1268,1173,1200]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFE9FF83FC233FDEFB3728DF" bold="true" box="[930,1153,1173,1200]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Collarina speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
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<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFE9FF83FC113FFDFAFA28BF" blockId="21.[841,1426,1173,1284]" box="[912,1356,1206,1233]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
(
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFE9FF83FC163FFDFC5828BF" box="[919,1006,1206,1232]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[167,178,836,854]" captionTargetBox="[379,1214,221,790]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[338,1245,216,826]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Savignys drawings (1817: pl. 9). Flustra balzaci Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 8, and Flustra jauberti Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFE9FF83FC7B3FFDFBAE28BF" box="[1018,1048,1206,1232]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">13</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFE9FF83FBA53FFDFBE228BE" box="[1060,1108,1206,1233]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1397,1415]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,215,1351]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[130,1453,214,1351]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 15. — Types of ooecia in Collarina Jullien, 1886 species: A-C, kenozooidal ooecia with and without distal avicularium (A, C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp; B, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978; C, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.); D, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp., colony portion with two kenozooidal ooecia (left) and three ooecia incorporated in distal autozooid (right); E, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., 2 ovicelled zooids with kenozooidal ooecium (left) vs ooecium incorporated in distal autozooid (right). Origin: A, Marseille, Conger Cave; B, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca Is.; C, E, Madeira, NHMUK 1911.10.1.705; D, Catalonia, Medes Is. Scale bars: A-C, E 100 µm, D, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725986/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">15A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFE9FF83FBDE3FFDFB3828BF" box="[1119,1166,1206,1232]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,143,1119,1137]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,216,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[133,1456,214,1071]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 17. — Adventitious avicularia with nested cystids in Collarina Jullien, 1886 species: A, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., ovicelled zooid; B, C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp., four piles of nested avicularian cystids adventitious on two autozooids and an ooecium; C, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.; D, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978; E, C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp. Origin: A, Madeira, NHMUK 1899.7.1.2105; B, Galicia, Ria de Ferrol, MHNUSC-Bry-113; C, Galicia, Sisargas Is., MHNUSC-Bry-662; D, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca; E, Marseille, Conger Cave. Scale bar: A, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725990/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">17E</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFE9FF83FB1B3FFDFB7F28BF" box="[1178,1225,1206,1232]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,1749,1767]" captionTargetBox="[136,1453,215,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[135,1453,213,1699]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 18. — Habitats of Collarina species:A, C. balzaci (Audouin,1826), bundles of Posidonia leaves; B, C. speluncola Harmelin,n. sp., wall of dark submarine cave with freshwater seepage; C, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp., underside of pottery fragment, Cassis, Port-Miou, 18 m; D, C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp., underside of Pinna shell, paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1921, Veyron, 24 m; E, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., underside of pebble, paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1926, Madeira, Porto Santo, Baixo Is.; F, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978, underside of pebble, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca, 15 m. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725994/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">18B</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6AACDE7FFE9FF83FB523FFDFAF428BF" box="[1235,1346,1206,1232]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStartId-0="9.[132,143,221,239]" captionStartId-1="29.[132,143,221,239]" captionStartId-2="29.[813,824,221,239]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. — Measurements of Collarina Jullien,1886 species:C. balzaci (Audouin,1826);C. speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.; C. denticulata Harmelin,n. sp.; C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp.; C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.; C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978. Abbreviations: X, mean; SD, standard deviation; N, number of measurements and range; LZo, WZo, length and width of non ovicelled autozooid; LOr, WOr, of orifice of non ovicelled zooid; Lov, WOv, orifice of ovicell. Other abbreviations: Atl., Atlantic ocean; Kerk., Kerkennah Islands; Med., Mediterranean." captionText-1="TABLE 2. — Characterization of Collarina Jullien, 1886 species by contrasting character states. Abbreviations: C.b.: C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826); C.s.: C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp.; C.d.: C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp.; C.g.: C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp.; C.m.: C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.; C.f.: C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978; Ov., ovicell; Kz, distal kenozooid; Az, distal autozooid." captionText-2="TABLE 3. — Features of ovicells in the six Collarina Jullien,1886 species (Mediterranean and Atlantic material for C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp.). Frequency data in %: A, occurrence frequency of ovicelled autozooids within colonies; B, ooecium types: frequency of ooecia produced by a kenozooid (Kz) or a distal autozooid (Az), and frequency of ooecia bearing a distal avicularium (Av); C, type of ovicell closure.Origin of data C. balzaci (Audouin,1826):Turkey,Lebanon, Adriatic,France Planier,7 colonies,88 zooids,53 ooecia; C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp.: Morgiou, Conger Cave, 8 colonies including types, 473 zooids, 89 ooecia; C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp.: Port-Miou &amp; Renaire, 6 colonies, 342 zooids, 104 ooecia (63 Az, 41 Kz); C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp., Mediterranean: Medes,Naples,Bonifacio,Port-Cros,Veyron (holotype),5 colonies,173 zooids, 92 ooecia; C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp., Atlantic: Plymouth, Brittany (2 sites), Algarve, 9 colonies,191 zooids,100 ooecia; C. macaronensis Harmelin,n. sp.: Madeira (NHMUK 4 colonies + Baixo Is., holotype &amp; paratype), 298 zooids, 67 ooecia; C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978: Sao Miguel, I. Villa Franca, 3 colonies, 433 zooids, 72 ooecia. Frequency numbers in %. n.d.: no data." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF57A8D4FFF5FF9FFF053B96FD742D5C" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF57A8D4FFE1FF8BFF053B96FD642D25" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF57A8D4FFE1FF8BFCAC3B96FA8A2E2C" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" tableUuid-0="DF57A8D4FFF5FF9FFF053B96FD742D5C" tableUuid-1="DF57A8D4FFE1FF8BFF053B96FD642D25" tableUuid-2="DF57A8D4FFE1FF8BFCAC3B96FA8A2E2C">Tables 1-3</tableCitation>
)
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,
<date id="FF96DE9CFFE9FF83FAC83E31FA1A29FD" box="[1353,1452,1402,1426]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1987-06-02">
<collectingDate id="EFD22774FFE9FF83FAC83E31FA1A29FD" box="[1353,1452,1402,1426]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1987-06-02">2.VI.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. by
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FCFA3EDFFC1829C3" box="[891,942,1428,1452]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">JGH</collectionCode>
, 1 ovicelled colony (
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFE9FF83FBF63EDEFB3129C3" box="[1143,1159,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">c.</emphasis>
160 zooids, circled in red) together with 2 smaller colonies, on fragment of rocky wall,
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FAD53EE4FA1929A9" box="[1364,1455,1455,1478]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN-</collectionCode>
IB-2014-1912.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFE9FF83FCAC3EA8FBEB2A24" blockId="21.[813,1455,1375,1611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FCAC3EA8FB232A79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041199" collectionCode="MNHN-IB-" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFE9FF83FCAC3EA8FC3F2994" bold="true" box="[813,905,1507,1531]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
<typeStatus id="549346FEFFE9FF83FCAC3EA8FC3F2994" box="[813,905,1507,1531]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Same data as the holotype.
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FB0B3EAFFAB42993" box="[1162,1282,1508,1532]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN-IB-</collectionCode>
2014-1913: 5 alive + 3 dead colonies, on wall fragment
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FB413EB5FBFE2A5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041133" collectionCode="MNHN-IB-" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FB413EB5FA8A2A79" box="[1216,1340,1534,1558]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN-IB-</collectionCode>
2014-1914: 12 colonies, on wall fragment
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FBEC3D53FBEF2A24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041118" collectionCode="MNHN-IB-" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FBEC3D53FB5E2A5F" box="[1133,1256,1560,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN-IB-</collectionCode>
2014-1915: 3 coated colonies (JGH stubs 64 &amp; 72)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFE9FF83FCAC3D28FBDE2B20" blockId="21.[813,1456,1635,1872]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FCAC3D28FB472AF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041192" collectionCode="MNHN, NHMUK" location="Same" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<location id="8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FBF83D2FFB182A13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381494AFFE9FF81FC233FDEFA9C287E:8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FBF83D2FFB182A13" box="[1145,1198,1636,1660]" name="Same" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Same</location>
data as the
<typeStatus id="549346FEFFE9FF83FAAA3D2FFA342A13" box="[1323,1410,1636,1660]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="549346FEFFE9FF83FCAC3D34FC3D2AF8" box="[813,907,1663,1687]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, many colonies,
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FBAA3D34FB372AF9" box="[1067,1153,1663,1686]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FB0B3D34FB472AF9" box="[1162,1265,1663,1686]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FA963D35FACA2ADE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041134" collectorName="La Ciotat" country="France" latitude="43.164722" location="Gameau Cave" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="5.598889" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFE9FF83FA963D35FAEF2AF9" bold="true" box="[1303,1369,1662,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
<collectingCountry id="F33FB8CCFFE9FF83FA963D35FAEF2AF9" box="[1303,1369,1662,1686]" name="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<collectorName id="26DD9D8AFFE9FF83FAE43D34FCFF2ADF" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">La Ciotat</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FCD23DD2FC6B2ADE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381494AFFE9FF81FC233FDEFA9C287E:8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FCD23DD2FC6B2ADE" box="[851,989,1689,1713]" country="France" latitude="43.164722" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="5.598889" name="Gameau Cave" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Gameau Cave</location>
, dark chamber,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C9E9BFFE9FF83FBF93DD2FB442ADE" box="[1144,1266,1689,1713]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" precision="15" seconds="53" value="43.164722">43°0953”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C9E9BFFE9FF83FB7D3DD2FAD22ADE" box="[1276,1380,1689,1713]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" precision="15" seconds="56" value="5.598889">5°3556”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD055B9FFE9FF83FAEF3DD2FACA2ADE" box="[1390,1404,1689,1713]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FAFA3DD2FC352A8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041197" collectingDate="1992-07" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1">
-3 m,
<date id="FF96DE9CFFE9FF83FCAC3DF8FC3A2AA4" box="[813,908,1715,1739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1992-07">
<collectingDate id="EFD22774FFE9FF83FCAC3DF8FC3A2AA4" box="[813,908,1715,1739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1992-07">VII.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. by
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FC6A3DF8FBA82AA4" box="[1003,1054,1715,1739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">JGH</collectionCode>
, 5 colonies on fragments of rocky wall;
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FCAC3D85FC352A8A" box="[813,899,1742,1765]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FC2F3D86FA802B6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041122" collectingDate="1997-10-18" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Monaco" elevation="18" location="Monaco" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFE9FF83FC2F3D86FBB62A8A" bold="true" box="[942,1024,1741,1765]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
<collectingCountry id="F33FB8CCFFE9FF83FC2F3D86FBB62A8A" box="[942,1024,1741,1765]" name="Monaco" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Monaco</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. jetty outer side,
<quantity id="4CD055B9FFE9FF83FB2F3D85FB532A8A" box="[1198,1253,1742,1766]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation id="00051F6FFFE9FF83FB2F3D85FB532A8A" box="[1198,1253,1742,1766]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF96DE9CFFE9FF83FB713D85FAEA2A89" box="[1264,1372,1742,1766]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1997-10-18">
<collectingDate id="EFD22774FFE9FF83FB713D85FAEA2A89" box="[1264,1372,1742,1766]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1997-10-18">18.X.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. by
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FCAC3DA3FCE92B6F" box="[813,863,1768,1792]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">JGH</collectionCode>
, 1 colony on pebble from boulder piling,
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FB603DA2FA802B6F" box="[1249,1334,1769,1792]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B40F201FFE9FF83FADA3DA3FBD22B20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2580041161" collectingDate="1986-07-08" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Monaco" county="Donzelle Cave" elevation="4" latitude="37.004723" location="Atlantic. Portugal" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-8.928612" municipality="Ponta da Baleeira" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FADA3DA3FC342B74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381494AFFE9FF81FC233FDEFA9C287E:8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FADA3DA3FC342B74" country="Monaco" county="Donzelle Cave" latitude="37.004723" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-8.928612" municipality="Ponta da Baleeira" name="Atlantic. Portugal" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFE9FF83FADA3DA3FA1F2B6F" bold="true" box="[1371,1449,1768,1792]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Atlantic</emphasis>
. Portugal
</location>
,
<location id="8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FC0C3C48FC7A2B74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381494AFFE9FF81FC233FDEFA9C287E:8EF7AE87FFE9FF83FC0C3C48FC7A2B74" box="[909,972,1795,1819]" country="Monaco" county="Donzelle Cave" latitude="37.004723" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-8.928612" municipality="Ponta da Baleeira" name="Sagres" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Sagres</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF36226FFE9FF83FC593C48FB312B74" box="[984,1159,1795,1819]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Ponta da Baleeira</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F680D0FFE9FF83FB133C48FA932B74" box="[1170,1317,1795,1819]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Donzelle Cave</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C9E9BFFE9FF83FAB03C48FA1A2B74" box="[1329,1452,1795,1819]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" precision="15" seconds="17" value="37.004723">37°0017N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C9E9BFFE9FF83FCAC3C56FC282B5A" box="[813,926,1821,1845]" degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-8.928612">8°5543W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD055B9FFE9FF83FC2B3C56FC602B5A" box="[938,982,1821,1845]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="00051F6FFFE9FF83FC2B3C56FC602B5A" box="[938,982,1821,1845]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF96DE9CFFE9FF83FC603C56FBE22B5A" box="[993,1108,1821,1845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1986-07-08">
<collectingDate id="EFD22774FFE9FF83FC603C56FBE22B5A" box="[993,1108,1821,1845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="1986-07-08">8.VII.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. by
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FB333C56FB532B5A" box="[1202,1253,1821,1845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">JGH</collectionCode>
, 3 colonies on dead coral in dark chamber,
<collectionCode id="ED396099FFE9FF83FB8F3C73FBD22B20" box="[1038,1124,1848,1871]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MNHN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332ABD7FFE9FF83FCAC3C20FB4D2BF2" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFE9FF83FCAC3C20FB4D2BF2" blockId="21.[813,1456,1899,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
ETYMOLOGY. — From Latin noun
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFE9FF83FB083C20FB612BEC" box="[1161,1239,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">spelunca</emphasis>
: cave. Named for the preference of this species for dark marine caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332ABD7FFE9FF80FCAC3CF3FCB12AC2" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFE9FF80FCAC3CF3FCB12AC2" blockId="21.[813,1456,1899,2028]" lastBlockId="22.[132,775,1526,1709]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">DIAGNOSIS. — Colonies medium- to large-sized. Autozooids with marginal gymnocyst visible frontally, costate shield moderately convex, made of numerous costae without protuberances, separated by small lacunae forming several concentric rings; apertural bar moderately raised; orifice with clearly visible condyles delimiting a proximal part (poster) broader than the anter and slightly convex; 3-5 thin oral spines; adventitious avicularia mostly single or paired, directed laterally or slightly disto-laterally; ooecium formed by distal kenozooid, with smooth ectooecium; ancestrula with 8 spines (occasionally 7).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF57A8D4FFEAFF80FF053E04FA0729CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" startId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" targetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFEAFF80FF053E04FA0729CA" blockId="22.[132,1457,1358,1445]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
FIG. 13. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEAFF80FF5C3E05FE62290E" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[221,468,1358,1377]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEAFF80FF5C3E05FE32290E" box="[221,388,1358,1377]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Collarina speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEAFF80FE5A3E04FDBA290E" box="[475,524,1359,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEAFF80FD933E04FDA9290E" bold="true" box="[530,543,1359,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">A</emphasis>
, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids;
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEAFF80FBAB3E04FB81290E" bold="true" box="[1066,1079,1359,1377]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">B</emphasis>
, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEAFF80FC7C3E2EFBBD2918" bold="true" box="[1021,1035,1381,1399]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">C</emphasis>
, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst;
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEAFF80FD4C3E37FD6D29E1" bold="true" box="[717,731,1404,1422]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">D</emphasis>
, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid;
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEAFF80FAE13E37FADA29E1" bold="true" box="[1376,1388,1404,1422]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">E</emphasis>
, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C332ABD7FFEAFF81FF053D98FD88287E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFEAFF80FF053D98FEA32A83" blockId="22.[132,775,1747,2030]" box="[132,277,1747,1773]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFEAFF81FF053DBFFD88287E" blockId="22.[132,775,1747,2030]" lastBlockId="23.[132,776,217,1041]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
Colonies encrusting, pluriserial, unilaminar, medium- to largesized (i.e.&gt; 150 zooids) when fully grown, irregularly shaped but often elongated, white in young parts, brownish when older due to exogenous metallic coating. Autozooids longer than wide, surrounded by 7-8 pore-chambers (1 or 2 distal) visible at the growing margin; peripheral gymnocyst generally clearly visible frontally, wider proximally (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEAFF80FDF73CF8FD4F2BA2" box="[630,761,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 13A, C</figureCitation>
). Costal shield (spinocyst) weakly convex, smooth, composed in most zooids of 15-16 costae (14-20) (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEAFF80FB6C3EBEFAE42A60" box="[1261,1362,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
). Costae faintly prominent, their layout forming a relatively smooth surface except for a slightly raised bulge corresponding to the midline fusion of costae on the distal half of the costal shield of some zooids (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEAFF80FB9B3D3FFB2E2AE1" box="[1050,1176,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 13A, C</figureCitation>
); intercostal lacunae small (5-8 Μm), rounded, 3-4 between adjacent costae; a relatively large pelma (diameter twice that of lacunae) at the base of each costa, its edge slightly prominent and funnel-shaped, i.e., with a rounded external orifice larger than an internal one (12-15 vs 5-8 Μm); a second pelma occasionally present close to the middle line of the shield. Apertural bar forming a thick, roughly triangular bulge, more or less irregularly shaped, often with a slight concavity on the proximal side, a pair of pelmatidia opening upwardly at the tip and a large pelma on each side of the bar, these pseudopores often being hidden by calcification (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEAFF80FC373C98FBBC2B82" box="[950,1034,2003,2029]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[167,178,836,854]" captionTargetBox="[379,1214,221,790]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[338,1245,216,826]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Savignys drawings (1817: pl. 9). Flustra balzaci Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 8, and Flustra jauberti Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725958/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
; 13B). Adventitious avicularia present in most autozooids (70%), generally single (80%), more rarely paired (20%), inserted at the lateral corners of the apertural bar, directed laterally or slightly laterodistally, with pointed mandible and large, half-oval, proximal area (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FDE93A72FD092D3C" box="[616,703,313,339]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[167,178,836,854]" captionTargetBox="[379,1214,221,790]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[338,1245,216,826]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Savignys drawings (1817: pl. 9). Flustra balzaci Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 8, and Flustra jauberti Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725958/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
; 13A), occasionally with nested cystids (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FE553A12FD862D1C" box="[468,560,345,371]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,143,1119,1137]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,216,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[133,1456,214,1071]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 17. — Adventitious avicularia with nested cystids in Collarina Jullien, 1886 species: A, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., ovicelled zooid; B, C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp., four piles of nested avicularian cystids adventitious on two autozooids and an ooecium; C, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.; D, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978; E, C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp. Origin: A, Madeira, NHMUK 1899.7.1.2105; B, Galicia, Ria de Ferrol, MHNUSC-Bry-113; C, Galicia, Sisargas Is., MHNUSC-Bry-662; D, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca; E, Marseille, Conger Cave. Scale bar: A, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725990/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
). Autozooidal orifice wider than long (W/L = 1.2;
<tableCitation id="C6AACDE7FFEBFF81FE483A32FDAF2DFC" box="[457,537,377,403]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,221,239]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements of Collarina Jullien,1886 species:C. balzaci (Audouin,1826);C. speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.; C. denticulata Harmelin,n. sp.; C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp.; C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.; C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978. Abbreviations: X, mean; SD, standard deviation; N, number of measurements and range; LZo, WZo, length and width of non ovicelled autozooid; LOr, WOr, of orifice of non ovicelled zooid; Lov, WOv, orifice of ovicell. Other abbreviations: Atl., Atlantic ocean; Kerk., Kerkennah Islands; Med., Mediterranean." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF57A8D4FFF5FF9FFF053B96FD742D5C" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" tableUuid="DF57A8D4FFF5FF9FFF053B96FD742D5C">Table 1</tableCitation>
), with the maximum width below the condyles, i.e., between the two rounded proximal corners of the orifice (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FE4F3AF3FD952DBC" box="[462,547,440,467]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[167,178,836,854]" captionTargetBox="[379,1214,221,790]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[338,1245,216,826]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Savignys drawings (1817: pl. 9). Flustra balzaci Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 8, and Flustra jauberti Audouin, 1826, in Savignys figure 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725958/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
; 13B), broader (&gt; 20- 25%) in ovicelled zooids (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FE213A93FDB52D9D" box="[416,515,472,498]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
); condyles thick, with a rounded tip; proximal edge slightly convex in most cases, sometimes indented in the middle by a small notch. Oral spines thin,
<quantity id="4CD055B9FFEBFF81FE893973FEFC2E3D" box="[264,330,568,595]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3-5 in</quantity>
number,
<quantity id="4CD055B9FFEBFF81FE323973FE692E3D" box="[435,479,568,594]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
most cases, inserted on the distal half of the orifice edge,
<quantity id="4CD055B9FFEBFF81FE3C3913FE512E1D" box="[445,487,600,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
ovicelled zooids (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FD223913FF2C2EFD" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
). Ovicell prominent, globose, seemingly cleithral, ooecium formed by distal kenozooid (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FE3C39D3FD952EDD" box="[445,547,664,690]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Figs 13C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FDB139DCFDD62EDD" box="[560,608,663,690]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1397,1415]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,215,1351]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[130,1453,214,1351]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 15. — Types of ooecia in Collarina Jullien, 1886 species: A-C, kenozooidal ooecia with and without distal avicularium (A, C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp; B, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978; C, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.); D, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp., colony portion with two kenozooidal ooecia (left) and three ooecia incorporated in distal autozooid (right); E, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., 2 ovicelled zooids with kenozooidal ooecium (left) vs ooecium incorporated in distal autozooid (right). Origin: A, Marseille, Conger Cave; B, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca Is.; C, E, Madeira, NHMUK 1911.10.1.705; D, Catalonia, Medes Is. Scale bars: A-C, E 100 µm, D, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725986/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">15A</figureCitation>
), slightly wider than long (W/L = 1.1;
<tableCitation id="C6AACDE7FFEBFF81FE0039FCFE662EBD" box="[385,464,695,722]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,221,239]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements of Collarina Jullien,1886 species:C. balzaci (Audouin,1826);C. speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.; C. denticulata Harmelin,n. sp.; C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp.; C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.; C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978. Abbreviations: X, mean; SD, standard deviation; N, number of measurements and range; LZo, WZo, length and width of non ovicelled autozooid; LOr, WOr, of orifice of non ovicelled zooid; Lov, WOv, orifice of ovicell. Other abbreviations: Atl., Atlantic ocean; Kerk., Kerkennah Islands; Med., Mediterranean." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF57A8D4FFF5FF9FFF053B96FD742D5C" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" tableUuid="DF57A8D4FFF5FF9FFF053B96FD742D5C">Table 1</tableCitation>
), smooth ectooecium punctuated with 12-16 large pseudopores similar to those of the spinocyst (i.e., pelmata with double orifice); apical aventitious avicularium directed distally, rarely present (on
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FD493853FD6F2F5E" box="[712,729,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">c.</emphasis>
3% of ovicells). Occasional occurrence of twin ovicells (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FD1F387CFD482F3E" box="[670,766,823,849]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
) with the additional one associated to a large kenozooid visible frontally, budded by the maternal zooid from a laterodistal pore-chamber. Ancestrula cribrimorph with costate shield composed of 7-9 costae including the primary apertural bar, occupying slightly over half of the frontal area, 8 spines evenly distributed around the orifice (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FE5138BDFD87287E" box="[464,561,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1359,1377]" captionTargetBox="[134,1457,218,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[134,1457,217,1313]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 13. — Collarina speluncola Harmelin,n. sp.: A, portion of colony with ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; B, distal part of a non-ovicelled autozooid,note the particular shape of the proximal edge of the orifice and the small diameter of the basal part of oral spines;C, ovicelled zooid with paired adventitious avicularia, a distal avicularium on the ooecium and a well developed gymnocyst; D, ovicelled zooid with twin ovicells, the additional one with a large kenozooid; E, ances- trula with height spines (one broken). Origin:paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1915, Marseille,Morgiou,Conger Cave. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; C, D, 100 µm; B, E, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725982/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332ABD7FFEBFF81FF053F7DFE442AE1" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFEBFF81FF053F7DFF5E2821" blockId="23.[132,776,1078,2030]" box="[132,232,1078,1104]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFEBFF81FF053F1DFE442AE1" blockId="23.[132,776,1078,2030]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FF053F1DFE7A281F" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[132,460,1110,1136]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FF053F1DFEEF281F" box="[132,345,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Collarina speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FE593F1CFDA2281E" box="[472,532,1111,1137]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the other
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FF053F3DFF5128FF" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1886" box="[132,231,1142,1168]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FF053F3DFF5128FF" box="[132,231,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Collarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of the Atlantic-Mediterranean region first by the general appearance of zooids given by a slightly convex spinocyst made of numerous smooth costae, the shape of the orifice with a broad poster, thin oral spines and ancestrula with 8 spines. The occurrence of twin ovicells, only observed at the type-locality, may be induced by local site peculiarities (see below). These features were constant in colonies from two submarine caves of the Marseille area (including the typelocality) where
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FEB03E3EFD8029E0" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[305,566,1397,1423]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FEB03E3EFE0929E0" box="[305,447,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FDC23E3DFD3429FF" box="[579,642,1398,1424]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
forms large aggregations (see below), but also in colonies from
<collectingCountry id="F33FB8CCFFEBFF81FD2F3EDDFCB129DF" box="[686,775,1430,1456]" name="Monaco" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Monaco</collectingCountry>
and Sagres (S
<collectingCountry id="F33FB8CCFFEBFF81FE9E3EFEFEC929BF" box="[287,383,1461,1488]" name="Portugal" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Portugal</collectingCountry>
). The main difference shown by the Atlantic colonies was the number of spines, in most zooids 3 instead of
<quantity id="4CD055B9FFEBFF81FE8D3EBEFE8E2A60" box="[268,312,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
the Mediterranean colonies. The apparent similarity between
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FED13D5EFDFD2A41" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[336,587,1556,1583]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FED13D5EFE6F2A41" box="[336,473,1556,1583]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FDD73D5EFD272A40" box="[598,657,1557,1583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FD473D5FFF062A21" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1886" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FD473D5FFF062A21" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Collarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. awaits further investigation pending more abundant material. Seemingly, there is no indication in the literature of previous records of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332ABD7FFEBFF81FF1A3DDFFA9C287E" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFEBFF81FF1A3DDFFAED2FFD" blockId="23.[132,776,1078,2030]" lastBlockId="23.[813,1456,217,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">
Habitat and geographical distribution. Most material of
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FF053DFFFE342AA1" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[132,386,1716,1742]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FF053DFFFEB92AA1" box="[132,271,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FE0E3DFEFE7D2AA0" box="[399,459,1717,1743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
came from dark caves where this species occupied vertical walls (
<figureCitation id="1313E4D9FFEBFF81FE753D9FFDE42A81" box="[500,594,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,1749,1767]" captionTargetBox="[136,1453,215,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[135,1453,213,1699]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 18. — Habitats of Collarina species:A, C. balzaci (Audouin,1826), bundles of Posidonia leaves; B, C. speluncola Harmelin,n. sp., wall of dark submarine cave with freshwater seepage; C, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp., underside of pottery fragment, Cassis, Port-Miou, 18 m; D, C. gautieri Harmelin, n. sp., underside of Pinna shell, paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1921, Veyron, 24 m; E, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., underside of pebble, paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1926, Madeira, Porto Santo, Baixo Is.; F, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978, underside of pebble, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca, 15 m. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3725994/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
). In both Conger Cave (
<typeStatus id="549346FEFFEBFF81FF493DBFFF4E2B61" box="[200,248,1780,1806]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">type</typeStatus>
locality) and Gameau Cave, the local population was very abundant and formed a typical facies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB985ADFFEBFF81FD2F3C5FFEBF2B22" author="PERES J. M. &amp; PICARD J." pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 137" refId="ref29417" refString="PERES J. M. &amp; PICARD J. 1964. - Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d'Endoume 31 (47): 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1964">Pérès &amp; Picard 1964</bibRefCitation>
), i.e., an aggregative concentration of colonies that contrasted with the quasi-absence of other encrusters, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FF703C38FD0A2BE2" authority="(Johnston, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[241,700,1907,1933]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Haplopomidae" genus="Haplopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="graniferum">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FF703C38FEDF2BE2" box="[241,361,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Haplopoma</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FE0D3C38FE482BE2" box="[396,510,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">graniferum</emphasis>
(Johnston, 1847)
</taxonomicName>
, which presented the same growth-form. The microenvironment on cave walls densely populated by
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FE533CF8FD702BA2" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[466,710,1971,1997]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FE533CF8FDE02BA2" box="[466,598,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FD4E3CFFFCB12BA1" box="[719,775,1972,1998]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was characterized by complete darkness and freshwater seep- age. In Conger Cave, where seepage was particularly active, salinity of the water body close to the
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FB593BB2FA8A2D7C" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1886" box="[1240,1340,249,275]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FB593BB2FA8A2D7C" box="[1240,1340,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Collarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
facies was 30.6-32.0 instead of 38.6 outside the cave (measured on
<date id="FF96DE9CFFEBFF81FAFF3A51FC2C2D3C" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" value="1987-06-02">June 2nd 1987</date>
). In both
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FB833A72FB4D2D3C" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[1026,1275,313,339]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FB833A72FB3C2D3C" box="[1026,1162,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FA843A72FA892D3C" box="[1285,1343,313,339]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FAF23A71FC162D1C" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Haplopomidae" genus="Haplopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="graniferum">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FAF23A71FA262D3C" box="[1395,1424,314,339]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">H.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FCAC3A12FC162D1C" box="[813,928,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">graniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the brown colour of the oldest parts of colonies was due to coating by Fe-Mn oxides, as commonly observed on organic and inorganic substrates from dark habitats as well in the coastal zone as in the deep sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB985ADFFEBFF81FB573AF3FCD22D9D" author="ALLOUC J. &amp; HARMELIN J. G." pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="765 - 778" refId="ref25705" refString="ALLOUC J. &amp; HARMELIN J. G. 2001. - Les depots d'enduits manganoferriferes en environnement marin littoral. L'exemple de grottes sous-marines en Mediterranee nord-occidentale. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 172 (6): 765 - 778. https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / 172.6.765" type="journal article" year="2001">Allouc &amp; Harmelin 2001</bibRefCitation>
). No freshwater seepage was noticed during the sampling survey in the dark caves of Sagres, including Donzelle Cave (Boury-Esnault
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FC5A3952FBA62E5D" box="[987,1040,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
2001) where a few colonies of
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FAE63953FC512E3D" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FAE63953FCC12E3D" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FC713972FB9E2E3C" box="[1008,1064,569,595]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were found in a dark, upper chamber communicating with the main chamber by a narrow corridor, together with
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FC703933FCDE2EDD" authority="Harmelin, 2001" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2001" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="saldanhai" subGenus="Cribrilaria">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FC703933FBF12EFD" box="[1009,1095,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Puellina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FBD43933FB712EFD" box="[1109,1223,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Cribrilaria</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FB573933FA8C2EFD" box="[1238,1338,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">saldanhai</emphasis>
Harmelin, 2001
</taxonomicName>
. The colony from
<collectingCountry id="F33FB8CCFFEBFF81FBB139D3FB3F2EDD" box="[1072,1161,664,690]" name="Monaco" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Monaco</collectingCountry>
was not collected in a cave but encrusted the lower face of a pebble found below a jetty boulder, i.e., a discrete cryptic habitat. Freshwater seepage was not observed at this site but light occasional infiltration may occur. However, the habitat of this specimen is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FC13387CFC422F3E" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1886" box="[914,1012,823,849]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FC13387CFC422F3E" box="[914,1012,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Collarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. suggesting that the morphological and molecular relationships between the latter and
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FAA7381CFC2F2FFE" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FAA7381CFA062F1E" box="[1318,1456,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FC25383CFC682FFE" box="[932,990,887,913]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
should be investigated (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97F85CFFEBFF81FCC238DCFA9C287E" blockId="23.[813,1456,217,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">
The known geographical range of
<taxonomicName id="4C2883DFFFEBFF81FB3138DCFA1D2FDE" authority="Harmelin" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[1200,1451,919,945]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Collarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="speluncola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C244EFFEBFF81FB3138DCFA8F2FDE" box="[1200,1337,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C. speluncola</emphasis>
Harmelin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F9935FFEBFF81FCAC38FCFCD22FBE" box="[813,868,951,977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is limited, including only three sites in the NW Mediterranean (Marseille area and
<collectingCountry id="F33FB8CCFFEBFF81FBCB389CFB132F9E" box="[1098,1189,983,1009]" name="Monaco" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Monaco</collectingCountry>
) and one in the southern Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Sagres).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>