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<mods:title id="255ABCD3B2A38751C77BBF5E1CF15272">Diversity in the family Isodiametridae (Acoela): New species bring back old problems</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="E932555CA75455D4815100F5A3CECEBC">Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden &amp; sarah. atherton @ nrm. se; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3024 - 472 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ACE033F3C51499429457252B6EA9694B">Jondelius, Ulf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="286873805FDACCE5C8C0F7538BA20EF7">Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden &amp; Department of Zoology, Systematics and Evolution, Stockholm Universitet, Stockholm Sweden &amp; ulf. jondelius @ nrm. se; https: // orcid. ord / 0000 - 0003 - 2847 - 2192</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="0FD8656EE6288505FF6FFAACFEEBFA95" box="[151,361,1346,1372]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E6288505FF6FFAACFEEBFA95" blockId="19.[151,1437,1346,2021]" box="[151,361,1346,1372]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<heading id="1C358189E6288505FF6FFAACFEEBFA95" bold="true" box="[151,361,1346,1372]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FF6FFAACFEEBFA95" ID-CoL="7PTYV" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,361,1346,1372]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FF6FFAACFEEBFA95" bold="true" box="[151,361,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FD8656EE6288505FF3FFA89FB7DF89C" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="description">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E6288505FF3FFA89FE6BF968" blockId="19.[151,1437,1346,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FF3FFA89FE05FA48" authority="Atherton &amp; Jondelius, 2022" authorityName="Atherton &amp; Jondelius" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,391,1383,1409]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="diatomovorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FF3FFA89FE05FA48" box="[199,391,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. diatomovorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FE68FA89FE69FA48" bold="true" box="[400,491,1383,1409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E85578CE6288505FE68FA89FE69FA48" box="[400,491,1383,1409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
joins 
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<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FDCBFA89FD3AFA48" box="[563,696,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. schillingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<subScript id="DB4634A0E6288505FD32FA89FC96FAB6" attach="left" box="[714,788,1383,1409]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">HooGE</subScript>
=&amp;=TYLER 2015) as the second 
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<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FB89FA89FABCFA48" box="[1137,1342,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without a penis, a morphology that is incongruous with the proposed diagnostic character of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FBA9FA65FB7EFA6C" authorityName="HOOGE &amp; TYLER" authorityYear="2005" box="[1105,1276,1419,1445]" family="Isodiametridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Isodiametridae</taxonomicName>
: a tubular isodiametric penis with inner circular muscles fibres and outer non-anastomosing longitudinal fibres (
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E6288505FB09FA41FF56FA24" author="Hooge, M. &amp; Tyler, S." pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="100 - 113" refId="ref14540" refString="Hooge, M. &amp; Tyler, S. (2005) New tools for resolving phylogenies: a systematic revision of the Convolutidae (Acoelomorpha, Acoela). J ournal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43, 100 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2005.00301. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Hooge &amp; Tyler 2005</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E6288505FF1FFA3DFE61FA24" author="Hooge, M. &amp; Tyler, S." box="[231,483,1490,1517]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="111 - 119" refId="ref14632" refString="Hooge, M. &amp; Tyler, S. (2015) Two new acoels (Acoelomorpha) of the genus Haplogonaria from the northwest Atlantic. Zootaxa, 4013 (1), 111 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4013.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Hooge &amp; Tyler (2015)</bibRefCitation>
originally described 
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<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FD2AFA3DFCD4FA24" box="[722,854,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. schillingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FBF0FA3DFABEFA24" authority="DoRJES 1968" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[1032,1340,1491,1517]" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FBF0FA3DFB25FA24" box="[1032,1191,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Haplogonaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E6288505FB56FA3DFABEFA24" author="Dorjes, J." box="[1198,1340,1491,1517]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="56 - 452" refId="ref14125" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1968. tb 00431. x" type="journal article" year="1968">
<subScript id="DB4634A0E6288505FB56FA3DFB7FFA22" attach="left" box="[1198,1277,1491,1517]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">DöRJES</subScript>
1968
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
because of this discrepancy and assumed the molecular data was due to error. 
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E6288505FC5AFA19FB64F9D8" author="Atherton, S. &amp; Jondelius, U." box="[930,1254,1527,1553]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="736 - 760" refId="ref14035" refString="Atherton, S. &amp; Jondelius, U. (2021) Phylogenetic assessment and systematic revision of the acoel family Isodiametridae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194 (3), 736 - 760. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 050" type="journal article" year="2021">Atherton &amp; Jondelius (2021)</bibRefCitation>
later reassigned the species to 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FEC4F9F5FD8BF9FC" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[316,521,1563,1589]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FEC4F9F5FD8BF9FC" box="[316,521,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on results from their phylogenetic analyses as well as the morphological similarities between 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FE86F9D1FD83F990" baseAuthorityName="Hooge &amp; Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[382,513,1599,1625]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="schillingi">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FE86F9D1FD83F990" box="[382,513,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. schillingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FDCEF9D1FD7BF99E" authority="DoRJES" authorityName="DoRJES" box="[566,761,1599,1625]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FDCEF9D1FD27F990" box="[566,677,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. rubrum</emphasis>
<subScript id="DB4634A0E6288505FD53F9D1FD7BF99E" attach="left" box="[683,761,1599,1625]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">DöRJES</subScript>
</taxonomicName>
=1968. With 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FC7AF9D1FBBDF990" authority="Atherton &amp; Jondelius, 2022" authorityName="Atherton &amp; Jondelius" authorityYear="2022" box="[898,1087,1599,1625]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="diatomovorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FC7AF9D1FBBDF990" box="[898,1087,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. diatomovorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FBBEF9D1FB1DF990" bold="true" box="[1094,1183,1599,1625]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E85578CE6288505FBBEF9D1FB1DF990" box="[1094,1183,1599,1625]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, our results strengthen the inclusion of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FEB0F98DFE40F9B4" box="[328,450,1635,1661]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="schilingi">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FEB0F98DFE40F9B4" box="[328,450,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. schilingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the genus and suggest that an isodiametric penis should not necessarily be a diagnostic feature of the genus or family.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E6288505FF3FF945FB7DF89C" blockId="19.[151,1437,1346,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
Unfortunately, without the definitive presence of a penis, the generic diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FB68F945FADFF90C" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[1168,1373,1707,1733]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FB68F945FADFF90C" box="[1168,1373,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does overlap with the generic diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FDBEF921FD67F920" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[582,741,1743,1769]" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FDBEF921FD67F920" box="[582,741,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Haplogonaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since no sequence data is available for any species of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FA9BF921FE87F8C4" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FA9BF921FE87F8C4" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Haplogonaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, current phylogenetic analyses cannot clarify the situation. Representation of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FB7EF91DFAA7F8C4" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[1158,1317,1779,1805]" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FB7EF91DFAA7F8C4" box="[1158,1317,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Haplogonaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis must be prioritized in the future to establish the relationships between species of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FF6FF8D5FEB4F89C" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,310,1851,1877]" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FF6FF8D5FEB4F89C" box="[151,310,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Haplogonaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FE94F8D5FDBBF89C" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[364,569,1851,1877]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FE94F8D5FDBBF89C" box="[364,569,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to help uncover apomorphic characters for the two genera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FD8656EE6288502FF3FF8B1FE17FEAC" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E6288502FF3FF8B1FA06FF1C" blockId="19.[151,1437,1346,2021]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,150,429]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FF3FF8B1FE07F8B0" authority="Atherton &amp; Jondelius, 2022" authorityName="Atherton &amp; Jondelius" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,389,1887,1913]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="diatomovorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FF3FF8B1FE07F8B0" box="[199,389,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. diatomovorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FE73F8B1FE66F8B0" bold="true" box="[395,484,1887,1913]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E85578CE6288505FE73F8B1FE66F8B0" box="[395,484,1887,1913]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FCA0F8B1FC59F8B0" baseAuthorityName="Hooge &amp; Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[856,987,1887,1913]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="schillingi">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FCA0F8B1FC59F8B0" box="[856,987,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. schillingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the smaller body size and by the lack of bright red body pigmentation. Further, 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FD95F86DFCA9F854" authority="Atherton &amp; Jondelius, 2022" authorityName="Atherton &amp; Jondelius" authorityYear="2022" box="[621,811,1923,1949]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="diatomovorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FD95F86DFCA9F854" box="[621,811,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">P. diatomovorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FCCBF86DFC0FF854" bold="true" box="[819,909,1923,1949]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E85578CE6288505FCCBF86DFC0FF854" box="[819,909,1923,1949]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from the majority of species of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FF1FF849FE04F808" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[231,390,1959,1985]" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FF1FF849FE04F808" box="[231,390,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Haplogonaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its general body shape and size as well as the moderate size of the frontal organ. Finally, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FEDBF825FE1BF82D" baseAuthorityName="Westblad" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[291,409,1995,2020]" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FEDBF825FE1BF82D" box="[291,409,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">H. minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E6288505FE51F825FDDBF82C" author="Westblad, E." box="[425,601,1995,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref15876" refString="Westblad, E. (1946) Studien uber Skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela IV. Arkiv for Zoologi, 38, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1946">
<subScript id="DB4634A0E6288505FE51F825FD9BF82A" attach="left" box="[425,537,1995,2021]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">WESTbLaD</subScript>
1946
</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E6288505FD6FF825FC4BF82C" authority="FaubEL 1974" authorityName="FaubEL" authorityYear="1974" box="[663,969,1995,2021]" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="psammalia">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E6288505FD6FF825FCB1F82C" box="[663,819,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">H. psammalia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E6288505FCC2F825FC4BF82C" author="Faubel, A." box="[826,969,1995,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref14212" refString="Faubel, A. (1974) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 32, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1974">
<subScript id="DB4634A0E6288505FCC2F825FC08F82A" attach="left" box="[826,906,1995,2021]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">FaubEL</subScript>
1974
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by the amount of rhabdoid glands (sparse vs numerous), the size of the bursa (~65 µm in length vs 100–150 µm) and the lack of a bursal cap; and from 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FA79FF79FF7AFF1D" baseAuthorityName="Ax" baseAuthorityYear="1959" family="Proporidae" genus="Haplogonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FA79FF79FF7AFF1D" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">H. arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FEF0FF55FEE9FF1C" author="Ax, P." box="[264,363,186,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="43 - 184" refId="ref14087" refString="Ax, P. (1959) Zur systematik, okologie und tiergeographie der turbellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen brackwassermeeren. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 87, 43 - 184." type="journal article" year="1959">
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FEF0FF55FEA9FF1B" attach="left" box="[264,299,187,213]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">ax</subScript>
1959
</bibRefCitation>
) by its less well-developed testes, the presence of a short vagina and the absence of vacuoles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF3FFF31FE17FEAC" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FF3FFF31FD93FF30" authority="Atherton &amp; Jondelius, 2022" authorityName="Atherton &amp; Jondelius" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,529,223,249]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="neglectum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FF3FFF31FD93FF30" box="[199,529,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Praeaphanostoma neglectum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FDE3FF31FDF5FF30" bold="true" box="[539,631,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E85578CE62F8502FDE3FF31FDF5FF30" box="[539,631,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses many typical features of the genus: a walled seminal bursa without appendages, a muscular seminal vesicle with an embedded penis and a small frontal organ. However, it is distinguished from the other species by the combination of an unpaired ovary, an absence of vacuoles, and a body length less than 
<quantity id="803A9B00E62F8502FEB4FEA5FE12FEAC" box="[332,400,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FD8656EE62F8502FF3FFE81FE4AFDD8" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF3FFE81FC01FE64" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
With the inclusion of the two new species presented here, there are a total of 18 nominal species of 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FADCFE81FF74FE65" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FADCFE81FF74FE65" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described globally. A key to the genus is presented below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFE19FE4AFDD8" blockId="20.[151,456,503,529]" box="[151,456,503,529]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FF6FFE19FF6BFDD8" bold="true" box="[151,233,503,529]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Key to</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FF09FE19FE4AFDD8" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[241,456,503,529]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FF09FE19FE4AFDD8" box="[241,456,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FD8656EE62F8502FF6FFDD2FA1EF962" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="key">
<key id="335361D4E62F8502FF6FFDD2FA1EF962" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFDD2FA1EFDA7" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFDD2FA1EFD98" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,572,594]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFDD2FA1EFD98" box="[151,1436,572,594]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">1. Ovary unpaired....................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFDB7FA1EFDA7" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,601,623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFDB7FA1EFDA7" box="[151,1436,601,623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Ovaries paired....................................................................................... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFD98FA1EFD63" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFD98FA1EFD42" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,630,652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFD98FA1EFD42" box="[151,1436,630,652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">2. Vacuoles present...................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFD7AFA1EFD63" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,660,682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFD7AFA1EFD63" box="[151,1436,660,682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Vacuoles absent...................................................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFD5FFA1EFCC8" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFD5FFA1EFD2D" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFD5FFA1EFD2D" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
3. Large vacuoles restricted to posterior half of animal; posterior tactile bristle present; gonopore common........................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB9FFD21FA1EFD2D" ID-CoL="77VHH" authority="DoRJES 1968" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[1127,1436,718,740]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="chaetocaudatum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB9FFD21FA9CFD2A" box="[1127,1310,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. chaetocaudatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FADBFD21FA1EFD2D" author="Dorjes, J." box="[1315,1436,718,740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="56 - 452" refId="ref14125" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1968. tb 00431. x" type="journal article" year="1968">
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FADBFD21FAE4FD2B" attach="left" box="[1315,1382,719,740]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">DöRJES</subScript>
1968
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFD02FA1EFCC8" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,748,770]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFD02FA1EFCC8" box="[151,1436,748,770]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Vacuoles numerous along entire body; tactile bristle absent; gonopores separate.................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFCE7FA1EFC90" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFCE7FA1EFCF5" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFCE7FA1EFCF5" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
4. Seminal vesicle located near mid-body; posterior tail long, tapering, heavily vacuolated; male and female gonopores well separated............................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB5DFCC9FA1EFCF5" ID-CoL="6W7HH" authority="DoRJES 1968" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[1189,1436,806,828]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB5DFCC9FA9CFCF2" box="[1189,1310,806,828]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. brevifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FADBFCC9FA1EFCF5" author="Dorjes, J." box="[1315,1436,806,828]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="56 - 452" refId="ref14125" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1968. tb 00431. x" type="journal article" year="1968">
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FADBFCC9FAE4FCF3" attach="left" box="[1315,1382,807,828]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">DöRJES</subScript>
1968
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFCAAFA1EFC90" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,835,858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFCAAFA1EFC90" box="[151,1436,835,858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Seminal vesicle located closer to posterior end; male and female gonopores close together........................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFC8FFA1EFC07" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFC8FFA1EFC5A" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFC8FFA1EFC5A" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
5. With numerous gland cells surrounding the distal portion of the seminal vesicle; penis lumen without glandular materials............................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBA3FC91FA87FC5B" ID-CoL="4M8F5" authority="EHLERS" authorityName="EHLERS" box="[1115,1285,895,916]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBA3FC91FB38FC5D" box="[1115,1210,895,916]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. vitreum</emphasis>
EHLERS
</taxonomicName>
=&amp;= 
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FADBFC91FAE4FC5B" attach="left" box="[1315,1382,895,916]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">DöRJES</subScript>
1979
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFC72FA1EFC07" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFC72FA1EFC07" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
- Gland cells surrounding the seminal vesicle few or absent; dense nuclei and glandular material present in penis lumen............................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBBAFC54FA8DFC05" ID-CoL="4M8F6" authority="HooGE" authorityName="HooGE" box="[1090,1295,953,975]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="wadsworthi">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBBAFC54FB4BFC07" box="[1090,1225,953,975]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. wadsworthi</emphasis>
HooGE
</taxonomicName>
=&amp;=TYLER 2003
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFC38FA1EFBC0" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFC38FA1EFC25" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,982,1004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFC38FA1EFC25" box="[151,1436,982,1004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">6. Body without pigmentation............................................................................. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFC1AFA1EFBC0" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1012,1034]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFC1AFA1EFBC0" box="[151,1436,1012,1034]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Body pigmentation present.............................................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFBFFFA1EFB8A" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFBFFFA1EFBEE" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1041,1063]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFBFFFA1EFBEE" box="[151,1436,1041,1063]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
7. Body long, 
<quantity id="803A9B00E62F8502FEABFBFFFE1DFBEF" box="[339,415,1041,1063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; penis curved, ~200 µm long........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB46FBFCFA1EFBEE" ID-CoL="6W7HK" authority="DoRJES 1968" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[1214,1436,1041,1063]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="longum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB46FBFCFA9FFBEF" box="[1214,1309,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. longum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FADBFBFFFA1EFBEE" author="Dorjes, J." box="[1315,1436,1041,1063]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="56 - 452" refId="ref14125" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1968. tb 00431. x" type="journal article" year="1968">DöRJES 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFBC1FA1EFB8A" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1070,1092]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFBC1FA1EFB8A" box="[151,1436,1070,1092]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
- Body length less than 
<quantity id="803A9B00E62F8502FE4FFBC0FE73FB8D" box="[439,497,1070,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; penis small or absent........................................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFBA2FA1EFBB7" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFBA2FA1EFBA8" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFBA2FA1EFBA8" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
8. Rhabdoid glands sparsely present; penis absent........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB5EFBA2FAC8FBA8" ID-CoL="9d3d4664-dde3-46ce-ac77-b94dd5e520c2" authority="Atherton &amp; Jondelius, 2022" authorityName="Atherton &amp; Jondelius" authorityYear="2022" box="[1190,1354,1100,1121]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="diatomovorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB5EFBA2FAC8FBA8" box="[1190,1354,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. diatomovorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FAA8FBA2FA1EFBA8" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1100,1121]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E85578CE62F8502FAA8FBA2FA1EFBA8" box="[1360,1436,1100,1121]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFB87FA1EFBB7" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1129,1151]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFB87FA1EFBB7" box="[151,1436,1129,1151]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
- Rhabdoid glands abundant in rows; penis distinct, 12 µm in length.............................. 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB37FB84FAC8FBB7" ID-CoL="9b2320f0-6913-47c5-a2f6-ef1dd4924776" authority="Atherton &amp; Jondelius, 2022" authorityName="Atherton &amp; Jondelius" authorityYear="2022" box="[1231,1354,1129,1151]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="neglectum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB37FB84FAC8FBB7" box="[1231,1354,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. neglectum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FAA8FB87FA1EFBB7" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1129,1150]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E85578CE62F8502FAA8FB87FA1EFBB7" box="[1360,1436,1129,1150]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFB68FA1EFB70" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFB68FA1EFB52" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1158,1180]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFB68FA1EFB52" box="[151,1436,1158,1180]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
9. Body brown-olive in color............................................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBE2FB69FA87FB53" ID-CoL="4M8F4" authority="EHLERS" authorityName="EHLERS" box="[1050,1285,1158,1180]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="thalasophilum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBE2FB69FB39FB52" box="[1050,1211,1158,1180]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. thalasophilum</emphasis>
EHLERS
</taxonomicName>
=&amp;= 
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FADBFB69FAE4FB53" attach="left" box="[1315,1382,1159,1180]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">DöRJES</subScript>
1979
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFB4AFA1EFB70" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1188,1210]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFB4AFA1EFB70" box="[151,1436,1188,1210]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Body pigmentation red................................................................................ 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFB2FFA1FFB3D" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFB2FFA1EFB1E" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1217,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFB2FFA1EFB1E" box="[151,1436,1217,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
10. Rhabdoid glands sparse; genital atrium absent; muscular penis present......................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB46FB2CFA1EFB1E" ID-CoL="4M8F2" authority="DoRJES 1968" authorityName="DoRJES" authorityYear="1968" box="[1214,1436,1217,1239]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB46FB2CFA9FFB1F" box="[1214,1309,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. rubrum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FADBFB2FFA1EFB1E" author="Dorjes, J." box="[1315,1436,1217,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="56 - 452" refId="ref14125" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1968. tb 00431. x" type="journal article" year="1968">DöRJES 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFB31FA1FFB3D" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1437,1246,1268]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFB31FA1FFB3D" box="[151,1437,1246,1268]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
- Rhabdoid glands numerous; genital atrium present; penis absent..................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBB0FB31FB3BFB3A" ID-CoL="8VNSG" baseAuthorityName="Hooge &amp; Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1096,1209,1246,1268]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="schillingi">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBB0FB31FB3BFB3A" box="[1096,1209,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. schillingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FB3FFB31FA85FB3B" attach="left" box="[1223,1287,1247,1268]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">HooGE</subScript>
=&amp;=TYLER 2015)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFB12FA1EFAE7" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFB12FA1EFAD8" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1276,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFB12FA1EFAD8" box="[151,1436,1276,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">11. Gonopores separate.................................................................................. 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFAF7FA1EFAE7" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1305,1326]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFAF7FA1EFAE7" box="[151,1436,1305,1326]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Gonopore common................................................................................... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFAD8FA1EFA4E" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFAD8FA1EFAA0" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFAD8FA1EFAA0" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
12. Seminal bursa with muscular walls; vaginal sphincter well-developed; rhabdoid glands arranged in longitudinal rows.................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB81FABAFAA3FAAE" ID-CoL="6VVHJ" authority="RIEGER" authorityName="RIEGER" box="[1145,1313,1364,1385]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB81FABAFB58FAA0" box="[1145,1242,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. parvum</emphasis>
RIEGER
</taxonomicName>
=&amp;= 
<date id="337C1025E62F8502FAB8FABAFA1EFAA0" box="[1344,1436,1364,1385]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1971-10">oTT 1971</date>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFA9FFA1EFA4E" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1393,1415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFA9FFA1EFA4E" box="[151,1436,1393,1415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
- Seminal bursa musculature and vaginal sphincter weak; few rhabdoid glands scattered.......... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB58FA9CFA1EFA4E" ID-CoL="4M8F3" authority="(RIEDL 1954)" baseAuthorityName="RIEDL" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1184,1436,1393,1415]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="sizilianum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB58FA9CFA98FA4F" box="[1184,1306,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. sizilianum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FAD0FA9FFA17FA4E" author="Riedl, R." box="[1320,1429,1393,1415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="157 - 244" refId="ref15504" refString="Riedl, R. (1954) Neue Turbellarien aus dem mediterranen Felslittoral. Ergebnisse der &quot; Unterwasser-Expedition Austria 1948 - 1949 &quot;. Zoologische Jahrbucher Systematik, 82, 157 - 244." type="journal article" year="1954">RIEDL 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFA60FA1EFA08" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFA60FA1EFA6A" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1422,1444]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFA60FA1EFA6A" box="[151,1436,1422,1444]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">13. Vacuoles numerous along entirety of the body.............................................................. 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFA42FA1EFA08" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1451,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFA42FA1EFA08" box="[151,1436,1451,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Large vacuoles absent or restricted to posterior body half..................................................... 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FFA27FA1EFA32" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFA27FA1EFA17" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1481,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFA27FA1EFA17" box="[151,1436,1481,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
14. Vagina lined with microvilli and granular gland cells.............................. 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBBEFA24FA8DFA15" ID-CoL="787HH" authority="HooGE" authorityName="HooGE" box="[1094,1295,1481,1503]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="foramivora">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBBEFA24FB4BFA17" box="[1094,1225,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. foramivora</emphasis>
HooGE
</taxonomicName>
=&amp;=TYLER 2008
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FFA09FA1EFA32" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1510,1532]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FFA09FA1EFA32" box="[151,1436,1510,1532]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
- Vagina without microvilli and granular gland cells............................. 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBD5FA09FA87FA33" ID-CoL="787HK" authority="EHLERS" authorityName="EHLERS" box="[1069,1285,1510,1532]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="musculosum">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBD5FA09FB39FA32" box="[1069,1211,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. musculosum</emphasis>
EHLERS
</taxonomicName>
=&amp;= 
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FADBFA09FAE4FA33" attach="left" box="[1315,1382,1511,1532]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">DöRJES</subScript>
1979
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FF9EDFA1EF9FE" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FF9EDFA1EF9D0" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1539,1562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FF9EDFA1EF9D0" box="[151,1436,1539,1562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
15. Vacuoles absent; vagina without sphincter....................................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBA8F9EAFB71F9DE" ID-CoL="6VVHK" authority="HooGE" authorityName="HooGE" box="[1104,1267,1540,1561]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="gusana">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBA8F9EAFB2FF9D0" box="[1104,1197,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. gusana</emphasis>
HooGE
</taxonomicName>
=&amp;=EPPINGER 2005
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FF9CFFA1EF9FE" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1569,1591]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FF9CFFA1EF9FE" box="[151,1436,1569,1591]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Posterior vacuoles and vaginal sphincter present............................................................ 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FF9D0FA1EF9B8" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FF9D0FA1EF99A" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1598,1620]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FF9D0FA1EF99A" box="[151,1436,1598,1620]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
16. Pigmented eyespots present......................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FB67F9D1FA82F99D" ID-CoL="8VNTT" baseAuthorityName="Kozloff" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[1183,1280,1599,1620]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="ornatus">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FB67F9D1FA82F99D" box="[1183,1280,1599,1620]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. ornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FAF6F9D0FA14F99A" author="Kozloff, E." box="[1294,1430,1598,1620]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="281 - 293" refId="ref15138" refString="Kozloff, E. (2000) A new genus and five new species of acoel flatworms from the Pacific coast of North America, and resolution of some systematic problems in the family Convolutidae and Otocelididae. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 41, 281 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. B 61 EED 7 C" type="journal article" year="2000">
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FAF6F9D0FADCF99B" attach="left" box="[1294,1374,1598,1620]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">kozLoFF</subScript>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FF9B2FA1EF9B8" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1628,1650]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FF9B2FA1EF9B8" box="[151,1436,1628,1650]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">- Eyespots and body pigmentation absent................................................................... 17</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FC362E40E62F8502FF6FF997FA1EF962" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FF997FA1EF946" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1657,1679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FF997FA1EF946" box="[151,1436,1657,1679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
17. Genital atrium inconspicuous; penis tubular without lobes......................... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FBC6F994FA1EF946" ID-CoL="8VNSX" authority="(DoRJES 1968)" baseAuthorityName="DoRJES" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1086,1436,1657,1679]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="baltalimaniaformis">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FBC6F994FA8FF947" box="[1086,1293,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. baltalimaniaformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23534B14E62F8502FAE3F997FA17F946" author="Dorjes, J." box="[1307,1429,1657,1679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="56 - 452" refId="ref14125" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1968. tb 00431. x" type="journal article" year="1968">DöRJES 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D36E5E62F8502FF6FF979FA1EF962" blockId="20.[151,1437,572,1708]" box="[151,1436,1686,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<keyLead id="FC3395D0E62F8502FF6FF979FA1EF962" box="[151,1436,1686,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
- Genital atrium large; penis with paired distal, finger-like lobes.......... 
<taxonomicName id="80C24D66E62F8502FC42F979FBFFF962" ID-CoL="8VNSR" baseAuthorityName="Kånneby &amp; Jondelius" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[954,1149,1686,1708]" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="hyalinorhabdoida">
<emphasis id="75B6EAF7E62F8502FC42F979FBFFF962" box="[954,1149,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">P. hyalinorhabdoida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(kåNNEbY=&amp;= 
<subScript id="DB4634A0E62F8502FAF9F979FADCF963" attach="left" box="[1281,1374,1687,1708]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">JoNDELIuS</subScript>
=2013)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>