524 lines
106 KiB
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524 lines
106 KiB
XML
<document id="92DAC01BE181F09DFBDAB918A32F233A" ID-DOI="10.3897/jhr.97.133255" ID-ZooBank="99F8596D-B97C-4E63-9C20-4BF550CC8E6D" ID-publisher-id="133255" URI-arpha="E3BF9214-D0ED-5D95-B244-F4913BF02077" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/99F8596D-B97C-4E63-9C20-4BF550CC8E6D" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1733422506412" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yoo, Jeong Jae & Darling, D. Christopher" docDate="2024" docId="06509BE9E13353529D9C50867FEE5424" docLanguage="en" docName="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 1301-1383" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97" docSource="https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/133255/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Perilampus hyalinus Say 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="1383" masterDocId="E3BF9214D0ED5D95B244F4913BF02077" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Perilampus hyalinus species complex (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Perilampidae) resolves 100 years of confusion about the host associations of P. hyalinus Say" masterLastPageNumber="1383" masterPageNumber="1301" pageNumber="1301" updateTime="1733441120391" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="61C1F4EAE73CF5B0780CEA3C6FB031F6">Integrative taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Perilampus hyalinus species complex (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Perilampidae) resolves 100 years of confusion about the host associations of P. hyalinus Say</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7CA9A57ACC718252C5A2D04CEBADA2AC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6D4BB511936B8206A5019303619334C8">Yoo, Jeong Jae</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1106FC700F6DD5F4172127C98B2950DC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4269-6953</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7E50F3367629BAD6808341C95484A381">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M 5 S 3 B 2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C64D3C0407A197CF6DD9200B7CE1E9B">Darling, D. Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F8B04B28FEC2DCD1BD5D216A3EEB272" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1207-7967</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="30225F235A435ED56E810B4693109DB4">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M 5 S 3 B 2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3B46B13B67399DA1AC954C5196F7F127">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5EF83E8492DCDCB7B080E62BD1971908">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7E4EBC2B77D4C1E2D24F98A7A3FDFECA">
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<mods:date id="7311AA5E4B542048156D79478413F78B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4C3EBFEDDFAE26C8020266CC258593FE">2024-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7A45376C7C45AAA1A49B0C9C7CDD929F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="791495E0A136298D7999F318B73DA7AF">97</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="617FEA681848CFBDE1DEF7AFEDE72D91" type="DOI">10.3897/jhr.97.133255</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="06509BE9E13353529D9C50867FEE5424" ID-arpha="06509BE9-E133-5352-9D9C-50867FEE5424" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06509BE9E13353529D9C50867FEE5424" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/06509BE9E13353529D9C50867FEE5424" scope_family="Perilampidae" scope_genus="Perilampus" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
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<subSubSection id="0645F86706F44FDDE2BACD847D93D8AF" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="594C00B039D1F5708DA2812F601B529E">
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<taxonomicName id="0EA169B6A23F56BED4AE367359DC1EE9" ID-CoL="6V63J" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
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<emphasis id="C2895A4531EB65B2C776CA5D0DB8B47E" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EE44BCE0F549B5EC24D01576804F68A5" DOI="10.5479/si.00963801.2990.369" author="Smulyan MT" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pagination="369-412" refId="B59" refString="Smulyan MT (1936) A revision of the chalcid flies of the genus Perilampus Latreille occurring in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83: 369 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.2990. 369" title="A revision of the chalcid flies of the genus Perilampus Latreille occurring in America north of Mexico." volume="83" year="1936">Smulyan (1936)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="C972D471590F1015CA10DD07766DDC92" author="Darling DC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pagination="100-130" refId="B13" refString="Darling DC (1996) Generic concepts in the Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): an assessment of recently proposed genera. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 5: 100 - 130." title="Generic concepts in the Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): an assessment of recently proposed genera." volume="5" year="1996">Darling (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EGDAI" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0DF4F9B76305F2918BA34E36F23445BE">
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<heading id="CC3F90CB8E117A91AA00E903431E772E" reason="title">Description.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF92487A16192E8DDC50B4EE6D08A4BB">
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<emphasis id="0B82E6D04AA1A7590C163A4F417436EE" bold="true">Female.</emphasis>
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Color: head and body entirely or at least partially brightly iridescent (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="627F89369AF60D1CE03B547166E4E2C8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 A, H</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1964B077FE2B21B12E18290ABA5F2871">
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Head: in anterior view weakly transverse, slightly wider than high,
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUDAI" xlink_title="head width in dorsal view">HW</abbrev>
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/
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYDAI" xlink_title="head height">HH</abbrev>
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1.2–1.3; slightly wider than pronotum,
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3DAI" xlink_title="head width in dorsal view">HW</abbrev>
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/
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAEAI" xlink_title="pronotum width in dorsal view">PW</abbrev>
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1.1–1.2. Frontal carina: distinct, extended from posterior margin of median ocellus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="0E33AE2591B51814092B0C485C8FF652" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 B</figureCitation>
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) to near lower eye margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="ADAA293A556FCAB85C0DB976F12039D5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 A</figureCitation>
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); in dorsal view narrow near median ocellus. Ocelli: median ocellus in line with lateral ocelli or only slightly advanced (Figs
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<figureCitation id="D9C510745DC59693A813B365DC55DCB8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="DB9249367CBBD60FF8DE4D38FEE8E757" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Perilampus crassus Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A – H, J, L Holotype, ROME 182771 I Paratype, ROME 189085 K Paratype, ROME 189115]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191574">12 G</figureCitation>
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). Eye: slightly shorter than head height,
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUEAI" xlink_title="eye height">EH</abbrev>
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/
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYEAI" xlink_title="head height">HH</abbrev>
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0.6–0.7. Vertex: rounded behind. Occiput: with vertical groove below vertex, with subparallel costulae; occipital carina absent. Malar space (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="EAD3276FE45B4F35217582DE0AC445A5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 A</figureCitation>
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): with oblique striae obliterating malar sulcus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="8C1F83B4CAD205DF9B00158FAB4108A7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 D</figureCitation>
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). Clypeus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="92CFE2390409AC71DB2CFD4644F2EC9A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 A</figureCitation>
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): weakly transverse to strongly transverse,
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIFAI" xlink_title="clypeus width">CW</abbrev>
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/
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMFAI" xlink_title="clypeus height">CH</abbrev>
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1.3–1.6; lateral sulci straight or weakly curved, strongly divergent; with small and indistinct tentorial pits; epistomal sulcus concave, deeper and more distinct than lateral sulci; ventral margin concave or nearly flat. Supraclypeal area (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="8974511AC105C9395443701E0C9ECF7B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 A</figureCitation>
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): subquadrate; shorter and narrower than clypeus,
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUFAI" xlink_title="supraclypeal area height">SCH</abbrev>
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/
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYFAI" xlink_title="clypeus height">CH</abbrev>
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0.5–0.6. Scape (Figs
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<figureCitation id="EC58E7262D987F851613084B97CB9CD7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 C – E</figureCitation>
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): length about 0.6 ×
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAGAI" xlink_title="eye height">EH</abbrev>
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; narrow throughout; pits absent or if present distad covering no more than 0.2 × scape length (Figs
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<figureCitation id="15F4548DB26C1F94BAD79431BAACC6A2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 D, E</figureCitation>
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). Flagellum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5BD511F8E1F458C02264232D76A0CC7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 I</figureCitation>
|
||
): anellus transverse,
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMGAI" xlink_title="anellus length">AL</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQGAI" xlink_title="pedicel length">PL</abbrev>
|
||
about 0.3; Fu 1 subquadrate, Fu 1 L / Fu 1 W 1.0–1.1; subequal to or slightly longer in length than pedicel, Fu 1 L /
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUGAI" xlink_title="pedicel length">PL</abbrev>
|
||
1.0–1.3; Fu 2 subquadrate or transverse, Fu 3 – Fu 7 transverse; clava 4 - segmented, C 1–3 as long dorsad as ventrad, with distinct terminal button (C 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C662E823900702214C1553AACE11D583">
|
||
Mesosoma: slightly longer than wide,
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1GAI" xlink_title="mesosoma length in lateral view">ML</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5GAI" xlink_title="mesosoma width in dorsal view">MW</abbrev>
|
||
1.2–1.3. Pronotum: carinulate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E107ADE0589496615E840502D17645F2" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 H</figureCitation>
|
||
); short,
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGHAI" xlink_title="pronotum length in dorsal view">PN</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKHAI" xlink_title="length of mesoscutum in lateral view">MSC</abbrev>
|
||
about 0.2; shorter along midline, 0.5–0.7 length laterad; anterior margin sharp, all rows of punctures on same plane. Lateral panel of pronotum: without flange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A34DEFE8EF2D779228204C09D63FAB0A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Perilampus hyalinus Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E axillula F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J parascutal carina K mesoscutellum apex L, M mesofemoral depression. [A ROME 185913; B, K ROME 189058; C, M ROME 185947; D, F ROME 189056; E, G ROME 162229; H ROME 167636; I ROME 189060; L ROME 162246]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191566">4 D</figureCitation>
|
||
) or with flange below level of mesothoracic spiracle in posterior oblique view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="88147E987457F6CA078FB21FD867D3BE" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Perilampus seneca Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, H, I, J, L Paratype, ROME 199563; B, F, G Paratype, ROME 182769; C Paratype, ROME 158541; D Paratype, ROME 199544; E Holotype, ROME 183977; K Paratype, ROME 198142]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191578">16 D</figureCitation>
|
||
: arrow); anterior margin sharp, all rows of punctures on same plane. Prepectus: wide and triangular; differentiated from pronotum with distinct suture; ventral strap short, without row of alveolae; central area of lateral panel smooth, with foveae along dorsal and posterior margins. Mesoscutum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="62B02B5FE12322FE72AE4E707B003E3F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 H</figureCitation>
|
||
): midlobe without tubercle; notaulus distinct and continuous, uninterrupted by sculpture of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum: without tubercle; slightly longer than mesoscutum,
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1HAI" xlink_title="length of mesoscutellum in lateral view">SC</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5HAI" xlink_title="length of mesoscutum in lateral view">MSC</abbrev>
|
||
1.2–1.3; strongly vaulted, frenum ventrad and not visible in the dorsal view. Axilla: with axillar shelf (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="769AAA753505E4B5A181FACA2ACE1648" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Axillula: elongate and finger-like,
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGIAI" xlink_title="axillula length">AxL</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKIAI" xlink_title="axillula height at midpoint">AxH</abbrev>
|
||
usually 2.0 or greater (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E38BD91A4DC26C22B4DC7AFAD144D3B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metanotum: short, length 0.4–0.5 × length of propodeum along midline. Propodeum: width about 3 × length along midline; submedian area smooth to weakly imbricate, with foveae or groove laterad median carina, delimited laterad and ventrad by complete plicae, dorsad by transverse band of foveae; callus with angulate process below spiracle, and alveolate-rugose, with alveolae sometimes obliterated below spiracle; nucha with transverse to arcuate rugae. Fore wing: elongate,
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESIAI" xlink_title="wing length">WL</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWIAI" xlink_title="wing width">WW</abbrev>
|
||
2.3–2.4; hyaline, with yellow or brown venation; parastigma swollen with weak equilateral triangular process; postmarginal vein 0.7–0.8 × as long as marginal vein; stigmal vein 0.3–0.4 × as long as marginal vein; stigma with weak uncus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C33F5CBCA92D6B83D5E6EB2C99775B6E">Metasoma: petiole short and straplike, with weak transverse wrinkles; petiolar flange short with ventral margin of upper area with shallow emargination mesad; antecostal sulcus transverse, with weak vertical carinae laterad and smoothened mesad; Mt 2 with trapezoidal demarcation and shallow median groove, imbricate and wrinkled anteriad, and smooth posterad without lateral protruberances along midline, posterior margin straight and sparsely setose; Gt 3 smooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0324310855F99B869AFA8066A6415FD0">
|
||
<emphasis id="416A252EE3391575FF8B4A9DD18F788A" bold="true">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
As in female, except: Color: mesonotum sometimes nearly entirely black or with cupreous iridescence (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="02A79D83B5E17641D04451A284B7A7BF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 L</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6D4D42525E7BACC8962EC4CA92DFF09" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye: in dorsal view often more bulbous (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302995F5E4DE3C9AA4C9EE1A149F97" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 H</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C647D51158F9F3AF18262B3094B40334" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellus: often larger (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6F397A7E4BAC107C751304A731414981" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 H</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A90E9C97EB358F528C6B940E5721A457" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellar ratios
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXJAI" xlink_title="lateral ocellus diameter">LOD</abbrev>
|
||
:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2JAI" xlink_title="postocellar line, the shortest distance between the lateral ocelli">POL</abbrev>
|
||
:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6JAI" xlink_title="ocular ocellar line, the shortest distance between the eye and a lateral ocellus">OOL</abbrev>
|
||
:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDKAI" xlink_title="lateral ocellar line, the shortest distance between the median and a lateral ocellus">LOL</abbrev>
|
||
: often shorter. Frontal carina: distance from lateral ocellus usually shorter. Malar space:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHKAI" xlink_title="malar space length">MSL</abbrev>
|
||
/
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELKAI" xlink_title="eye height">EH</abbrev>
|
||
often shorter. Flagellum: slightly wider (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7E4A8C560EF8313EC948E589AEF721FD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 J</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0DA942EDD72D9DB1AF3FB6FAB0492FB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5CDBB8CC1D5058882106051D6202761" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 F</figureCitation>
|
||
): in anterior view weakly expanded distad, 1.3–1.4 × width above radicle; with distinct pits on anterior surface (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2276867F10B5079B1227233AF29AEB05" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 F</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="965109785EFC09103019E4240EA8623D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism in the Perilampus hyalinus species group A female head, anterior view, P. seneca B male head, anterior view, P. seneca C female scape anterior margin, P. seneca D female scape inner margin, P. seneca E female scape inner margin, P. neodiprioni F male scape anterior margin, P. neodiprioni G female head, dorsal view, P. seneca H male head, dorsal view, P. seneca I female flagellum, P. seneca J male flagellum, P. seneca K female habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni L male habitus, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni. Abbreviation: scp, scape. [A ROME 199563; B ROME 183976; C, D ROME 199531; E ROME 198219; F ROME 198147]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B, G – J); 100 μm (C – F); 500 μm (K, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191565">3 D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); pitted surface not swollen in lateral view. Aedeagus: without a pair of lateral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDLAI" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="161CF5766E6106896F334A30B0AF5855">
|
||
<heading id="AB82BD492E8F71D3FD7818AA190046D6" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B66417933C4FA21FA5145926446F69B">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E52BAC765246160BC83F03234B1E5A" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E82CD1DDA3542A536BF926CFC9890A24" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group is characterized by: brightly iridescent coloration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DD08BC5F75964D87BCF7BE9535163D7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 A, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), distinct frontal carina extended from posterior margin of median ocellus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BF05C050D3009C8990B282E402C9E7EF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 B</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="126135EEAABF2FEF9BDA7E8E9F4B487E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 C</figureCitation>
|
||
) to near lower eye margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AA5DD3C5941482E23840640B229E17A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 A</figureCitation>
|
||
), oblique costae obliterating malar sulcus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="808376DB840C4ABA5332AD9446514801" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 D</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8D8D7215262F117BD6F9B74A28CB5044" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 E</figureCitation>
|
||
), carinulate pronotum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="51A1251729C86A32AFBA565BD35CD30B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 H</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AB133E693FEE7AFFD3186336394AEED6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 I</figureCitation>
|
||
), distinct and uninterrupted notaulus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E038C91D74CB173280680040E89C0CF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 H</figureCitation>
|
||
), axilla with axillar shelf (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1E9D064A47A415039FEBC18C7620554" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 F</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CF5824BCF764AFA3E022D768E7183A1C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and elongate and finger-like axillula (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="67A14F26D27B90BC0CF98D185EB93DD7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 F</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="344255659942D56FB62BA34F227A2FC5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CB26867B7F271B832A34ECC09853B6B" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platigaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="81CF8B36CA49915C466434CF4A915E17" italics="true">P. platigaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group has a similar structure of the frontal carina, axilla, and axillula, but is distinguished by having a malar sulcus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7101AC7C8949B0FE0941E2F7E1A0A3E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 E</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3F67EB71D108644EC90BB25561FE1E66" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the general body color black with or without weak iridescent reflections (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D340F681AB290F907D77A0ED2D0C0FA8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 I</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E0507423B0CF1C70CCB554D51E47D9CA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVOAI" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4467D8634489001F0A3F81CC591487D0">
|
||
<heading id="4DB27A6EDDB3DC5FFC26B18FC16AF2DC" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="705632CBB795FCE89ED22EBF5CD5AD71">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63CF3552ADD5C37E18B06955D9017626" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="30FCBC6126B4EB328722DF705AC5F8A4" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group occurs exclusively in the Western Hemisphere, from the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D72BF98D6EE24834B3D394097FAD84E7" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="60683FE61870032364E7465B17E04F59" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPPAI" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD52F51CD72A12E1F98B2CB2D4DBB85C">
|
||
<heading id="890779B45C44A1CC6A5C2CD0E4FF0060" reason="title">Host association.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D75309DF534FD05984C82927798AAC5">
|
||
The previously published host records indicate that species are mostly hyperparasitoids, parasitizing dipteran (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="212094BA26B1A5FD4C6A9E77CBE2BE10" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="006E0AA6C21E0DBA80988C3C952B27E3" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sarcophagidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and hymenopteran parasitoids (Ichneumonoidea) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6028A279157A1B2B355C5948ADEAD92B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7839945973CE6B17321824D2483BE636" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and rarely, Phasmatoidea and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E49E5E826F1582FFDC70C7C947B87E75" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e. g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BDF6BDA399BE356CC3FC41DF88EC8D2F" author="Smith" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Technical Series, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture" pagination="33-69" refId="B57" refString="Smith HS (1912) Technical results from the gypsy moth parasite laboratory. V. The chalcidoid genus Perilampus and its relations to the problem of parasite introduction. Technical Series, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture 19: 33–69." title="Technical results from the gypsy moth parasite laboratory. V. The chalcidoid genus Perilampus and its relations to the problem of parasite introduction." volume="19" year="1912">Smith 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E368B2A100FB17AF4C164339EB11757F" DOI="10.1139/z58-022" author="Smith" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pagination="217-262" refId="B58" refString="Smith RW (1958) Parasites of nymphal and adult grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in western Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 36: 217–262. https://doi.org/10.1139/z58-022" title="Parasites of nymphal and adult grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in western Canada." volume="36" year="1958">Smith 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2AFAC78AF8BA5F972C5EDEBECE10AD9D" DOI="10.18474/0749-8004-37.1.128" author="Pitts" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pitts" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomological Science" pagination="128-129" refId="B43" refString="Pitts JP, Tilgner EH, Dalusky MJ (2002) New host records for Perilampus hyalinus (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae) and Phasmophaga antennalis (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Entomological Science 37: 128–129. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.1.128" title="New host records for Perilampus hyalinus (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae) and Phasmophaga antennalis (Diptera: Tachinidae)." volume="37" year="2002">Pitts et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10EFFDD65A6048431DCC5C444D0CC4DA" author="Janzen and Hallwachs" firstAuthor="Janzen" refId="B30" refString="Janzen DH, Hallwachs W (2009) Dynamic database for an inventory of the macrocaterpillar fauna, and its food plants and parasitoids, of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica (nn-SRNP-nnnnn voucher codes) http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu" url="http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu" year="2009">Janzen and Hallwachs 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2FECE49011B34614BF161262843DAA5C" author="Smith HS" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Technical Series, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture" pagination="33-69" refId="B57" refString="Smith HS (1912) Technical results from the gypsy moth parasite laboratory. V. The chalcidoid genus Perilampus and its relations to the problem of parasite introduction. Technical Series, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture 19: 33–69." title="Technical results from the gypsy moth parasite laboratory. V. The chalcidoid genus Perilampus and its relations to the problem of parasite introduction." volume="19" year="1912">Smith (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a detailed description of the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43B2E92DD1C975E00DB414B83F400175" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F691F550678F5AE69A5A73EE7480FE55" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
Say
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an indirect hyperparasitoid — the planidia actively searches and burrows into the host of the primary parasitoid (e. g. caterpillars), but can only feed and develop on the dipteran or hymenopteran parasitoids. There are relatively fewer cases of primary parasitoids in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E7A6122185ACC8EE063BF3E9CD739D9" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74071AAD765FEB223138733FA916A74A" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, and the best documented are the parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC3F91F2F3193AE6A2F183A6F150057" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Neodiprion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A440969693A890271F01562B3BB1B4EE" italics="true">Neodiprion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sawflies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="970D9D1C61154842ADF21E47A1D93E45" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60B242BFDCCEAE5D519637D1154E9F33" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diprionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC4BF63C0CD998762799292A5A9AC70F" DOI="10.4039/Ent941250-12" author="Tripp" firstAuthor="Tripp" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pagination="1250-1270" refId="B62" refString="Tripp HA (1962) The biology of Perilampus hyalinus Say (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), a primary parasite of Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in Quebec, with descriptions of the egg and larval stages. Canadian Entomologist 94: 1250–1270. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent941250-12" title="The biology of Perilampus hyalinus Say (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), a primary parasite of Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in Quebec, with descriptions of the egg and larval stages." volume="94" year="1962">Tripp 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJTAI" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="C1C032E8ACA819E7C3221197BBB92FE6">
|
||
<heading id="95177AA65A08F6AB2FD01CC2A1B123C5" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A37EB9EFE0DBCE7FADD5A0E601FEDF24">
|
||
This species group was hypothesized as a monophyletic group based on morphological characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="630B297DEC0FA7183D52D0C2F18831EF" author="Darling" firstAuthor="Darling" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pagination="100-130" refId="B13" refString="Darling DC (1996) Generic concepts in the Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): an assessment of recently proposed genera. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 5: 100–130." title="Generic concepts in the Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): an assessment of recently proposed genera." volume="5" year="1996">Darling 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and was well corroborated in our combined analysis of COI and ITS 2 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="73B01220ABF0D5989429625D9455591D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Perilampus hyalinus species group retrieved from the combined analysis of COI and ITS 2 (modified from Yoo 2023). Bootstrap support values are shown on the left side of the nodes. The roman numerals and black dots adjacent to the nodes indicate the major morphological clades recovered as monophyletic (I = P. hyalinus species group; II = P. carolinensis species complex; IIa = “ pseudocarolinensis ” clade; IIb = P. carolinensis clade; III = P. hyalinus species complex; IIIa = P. hyalinus clade 1; IIIb = P. hyalinus clade 2; IIIc = P. hyalinus clade 3; IIId = “ regalishyalinus ” clade. The morphospecies designation for the sequences is marked by vertical bars, colored according to their placements within their respective morphological subgroups. The names of the species described herein are indicated in white boxes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191562">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oblique costae obliterating the malar sulcus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13D956478641D26772EB82A0886D7FD7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The morphological characters of Perilampus hyalinus species group (A B D H F) and other Perilampus species groups (C E G I) A head, anterior-oblique view, P. seneca B vertex, dorsal view, P. neodiprioni C vertex, dorsal view, P. auratus D malar space, P. seneca E malar space, P. platigaster F axilla and axillula, P. hyalinus G axilla and axillula, Perilampus sp. H pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. neodiprioni I pronotum and mesoscutum, posterior oblique view, P. platigaster. Abbreviations: ax, axilla; axl, axillula; axsh, axillular shelf; ca, carina; fc, frontal carina; ms, malar space; msl, malar sulcus; not, notaulus; psa, parascrobal area. [A ROME 182769; B, H ROME 162273; C ROME 162320; D ROME 199563; E ROME 141508; F ROME 162229; G ROME 182831; I DHJPAR 0038540]. Scale bars: 250 μm (A – C, H, I); 100 μm (D – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191564">2 D</figureCitation>
|
||
) is the only shared and putatively derived character exclusive to this species group. Other character states (e. g. frontal carina) are widely distributed across
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F334E5FBEB703A35723A235329677A7F" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Perilampidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in varying combinations, and a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of this family is required to understand their evolution.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF05A688CE61283AC3C0CB5EBC099872" author="Yoo JJ" firstAuthor="Yoo" refId="B66" refString="Yoo JJ (2023) Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of the Perilampus hyalinus species group and the description of six new species (Order No. 30245611). Available from Dissertations & Theses @ University of Toronto; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global Closed Collection. (2832649826). https://www.proquest.com/docview/2832649826" url="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2832649826" year="2023">Yoo (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized two clades in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B33A308F519D6DD48362A70AA78F7186" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="57A4EFC87DB244F48E5AE3DEB2302D93" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group supported by COI + ITS 2 and morphology: the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="347450AA7467F447F9CB6101B01376FD" authorityName="Smulyan" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F951292CC9177FEAE4AEDB7E8EC15269" italics="true">P. carolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex, which has a parascrobal area abruptly narrowed in lateral view and the lateral panel of pronotum without a flange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="804C1A6C31338B2CB288F41AD2D4A9BF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Perilampus hyalinus species group retrieved from the combined analysis of COI and ITS 2 (modified from Yoo 2023). Bootstrap support values are shown on the left side of the nodes. The roman numerals and black dots adjacent to the nodes indicate the major morphological clades recovered as monophyletic (I = P. hyalinus species group; II = P. carolinensis species complex; IIa = “ pseudocarolinensis ” clade; IIb = P. carolinensis clade; III = P. hyalinus species complex; IIIa = P. hyalinus clade 1; IIIb = P. hyalinus clade 2; IIIc = P. hyalinus clade 3; IIId = “ regalishyalinus ” clade. The morphospecies designation for the sequences is marked by vertical bars, colored according to their placements within their respective morphological subgroups. The names of the species described herein are indicated in white boxes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191562">1</figureCitation>
|
||
Clade
|
||
<collectionCode id="87B92B8B9C2EA594BE9C466ACA3BAA53">II</collectionCode>
|
||
), and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D86AA765B8392187133B2D7655C8E954" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F332CE0115A6FD923C2CE78103C0E09" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex which has a parascrobal area usually gradually narrowed in lateral view and the lateral panel of pronotum with or without a flange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D48B5D36B2EA76BA56E447AAE21A6E01" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Perilampus hyalinus species group retrieved from the combined analysis of COI and ITS 2 (modified from Yoo 2023). Bootstrap support values are shown on the left side of the nodes. The roman numerals and black dots adjacent to the nodes indicate the major morphological clades recovered as monophyletic (I = P. hyalinus species group; II = P. carolinensis species complex; IIa = “ pseudocarolinensis ” clade; IIb = P. carolinensis clade; III = P. hyalinus species complex; IIIa = P. hyalinus clade 1; IIIb = P. hyalinus clade 2; IIIc = P. hyalinus clade 3; IIId = “ regalishyalinus ” clade. The morphospecies designation for the sequences is marked by vertical bars, colored according to their placements within their respective morphological subgroups. The names of the species described herein are indicated in white boxes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191562">1</figureCitation>
|
||
Clade
|
||
<collectionCode id="8787BB6E1B21F4F541586023846A618C">III</collectionCode>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B4CEAAE5A02643C41D576E7343D7D7E" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5310352E1B76658F42FDEB1CA5CD38BE" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex is further divided into three major clades which are congruent in genetic and morphological characters, for example the density of pits on the male scape, the shape of the lateral panel of the pronotum, and color of the mesonotum in females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="75EFBE44588CFDB8FD9D4FF7A539A480" author="Yoo" firstAuthor="Yoo" refId="B66" refString="Yoo JJ (2023) Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of the Perilampus hyalinus species group and the description of six new species (Order No. 30245611). Available from Dissertations & Theses @ University of Toronto; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global Closed Collection. (2832649826). https://www.proquest.com/docview/2832649826" url="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2832649826" year="2023">Yoo 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC242A7EB666E1FB005D26672E9356EC" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0351DC0D9BC8351C6622D4408BBA2982" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 3 (IIIc, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDBED8282334DD1BC0BE8867F476024A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Perilampus hyalinus species group retrieved from the combined analysis of COI and ITS 2 (modified from Yoo 2023). Bootstrap support values are shown on the left side of the nodes. The roman numerals and black dots adjacent to the nodes indicate the major morphological clades recovered as monophyletic (I = P. hyalinus species group; II = P. carolinensis species complex; IIa = “ pseudocarolinensis ” clade; IIb = P. carolinensis clade; III = P. hyalinus species complex; IIIa = P. hyalinus clade 1; IIIb = P. hyalinus clade 2; IIIc = P. hyalinus clade 3; IIId = “ regalishyalinus ” clade. The morphospecies designation for the sequences is marked by vertical bars, colored according to their placements within their respective morphological subgroups. The names of the species described herein are indicated in white boxes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191562">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29DD4896866E24D553D40A8B4145083" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59DF92F263806597BB3D63DD6A6F3724" italics="true">P. arcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1FC419A5FD22EE05FC41F8BB1A53648" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seneca">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEDB3BB935662977B7FB62F8A67F58A7" italics="true">P. seneca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F4FE2169B5ABC9F06E1771A8A57A022" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ute">
|
||
<emphasis id="F01D42287E0F3170CFA11B3A9A771100" italics="true">P. ute</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are distinguished by a usually densely pitted male scape (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="EF552AAC1EC583A2DDDBF8EEA73AD214" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Perilampus seneca Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla, posterior oblique view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E habitus, dorsal view F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A – C, F, G Paratype, ROME 183976; D Paratype, ROME 199551; E Paratype, ROME 162263; H Paratype, ROME 199552]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191580">17 G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B1AFE5FD787540ACDB99663A1B8717F" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Perilampus seneca Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla, posterior oblique view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E habitus, dorsal view F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A – C, F, G Paratype, ROME 183976; D Paratype, ROME 199551; E Paratype, ROME 162263; H Paratype, ROME 199552]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191580">17 H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F736F30476B31AD138906C510D6FD9" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Perilampus ute Male A habitus, lateral view B, C lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view F habitus, dorsal view G lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus H, I Scape. [A, B, D – F, H Paratype, ROME 182781; C, G, I Paratype, ROME 198139]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191582">19 H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90ABEE7F42A271291357791C16C8EB6E" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Perilampus ute Male A habitus, lateral view B, C lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view F habitus, dorsal view G lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus H, I Scape. [A, B, D – F, H Paratype, ROME 182781; C, G, I Paratype, ROME 198139]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191582">19 I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4CC38C14F4027C602162A4B58AB0DEE0" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Perilampus arcus Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A – E, G Paratype, ROME 185954; F, H Paratype, ROME 198214]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191584">21 G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8409821740E2B7FF254C8CD1DACC2D01" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Perilampus arcus Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A – E, G Paratype, ROME 185954; F, H Paratype, ROME 198214]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191584">21 H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the lateral panel of pronotum with a triangular flange (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="CF6D6CFFAB31AE9B2D416C08F729C6F8" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Perilampus seneca Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, H, I, J, L Paratype, ROME 199563; B, F, G Paratype, ROME 182769; C Paratype, ROME 158541; D Paratype, ROME 199544; E Holotype, ROME 183977; K Paratype, ROME 198142]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191578">16 D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAFDB79231A53BE769AAF9857081020D" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Perilampus ute Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D, E lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, C, D, F, G, H Holotype, ROME 182768; B, E, I – L Paratype, ROME 182763]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191581">18 D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="51A145BA4AF44A620F17FF0746E79009" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Perilampus arcus Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, D, E Holotype, ROME 189051; B, C, H, J, L Paratype, ROME 185944; F Paratype, ROME 189050; G Paratype, ROME 158551; I, K Paratype, ROME 189131]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191583">20 D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6991479FD4F8C9EB680877C99A53458C" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5349B56B5355ECF53D77DB98088482C" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1 (IIIa, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1BF7F218877A6DAF63023C4524C0A62" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Perilampus hyalinus species group retrieved from the combined analysis of COI and ITS 2 (modified from Yoo 2023). Bootstrap support values are shown on the left side of the nodes. The roman numerals and black dots adjacent to the nodes indicate the major morphological clades recovered as monophyletic (I = P. hyalinus species group; II = P. carolinensis species complex; IIa = “ pseudocarolinensis ” clade; IIb = P. carolinensis clade; III = P. hyalinus species complex; IIIa = P. hyalinus clade 1; IIIb = P. hyalinus clade 2; IIIc = P. hyalinus clade 3; IIId = “ regalishyalinus ” clade. The morphospecies designation for the sequences is marked by vertical bars, colored according to their placements within their respective morphological subgroups. The names of the species described herein are indicated in white boxes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191562">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="464D1503D5DC970AD50C072BEDA21435" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonora">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB28D43E323173E976DCC89E2FD3BCE4" italics="true">P. sonora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, can be recognized by the cupreous mesonotum in females (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="85623DB66BD4F848FAE041D6D232DB43" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Perilampus sonora Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, B, D, G, H, J, K Holotype, ROME 152670; C, E, I Paratype, ROME 186060; L Paratype, ROME 189110]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191585">22 B</figureCitation>
|
||
), in addition to the usually sparse pits on the male scape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="330DA7FE07968A8A63D5F2F010ACC645" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Perilampus sonora Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla, posterior oblique view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A – F, G Paratype, ROME 182754; H Paratype, ROME 198215]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191586">23 G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the lateral panel of the pronotum that lacks a triangular flange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD4DC70D4C214530D18DB57891ED32AF" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Perilampus sonora Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, B, D, G, H, J, K Holotype, ROME 152670; C, E, I Paratype, ROME 186060; L Paratype, ROME 189110]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191585">22 D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C18FB736D4A05283BADDEA747B52D24" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78F446F9EA2218CE910736C6B451774E" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 2 species (IIIb, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7B695102A1C685A5DA6ADEBAA62787D4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Perilampus hyalinus species group retrieved from the combined analysis of COI and ITS 2 (modified from Yoo 2023). Bootstrap support values are shown on the left side of the nodes. The roman numerals and black dots adjacent to the nodes indicate the major morphological clades recovered as monophyletic (I = P. hyalinus species group; II = P. carolinensis species complex; IIa = “ pseudocarolinensis ” clade; IIb = P. carolinensis clade; III = P. hyalinus species complex; IIIa = P. hyalinus clade 1; IIIb = P. hyalinus clade 2; IIIc = P. hyalinus clade 3; IIId = “ regalishyalinus ” clade. The morphospecies designation for the sequences is marked by vertical bars, colored according to their placements within their respective morphological subgroups. The names of the species described herein are indicated in white boxes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191562">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C84C5EBC730401EDC5DBD05054F0D3B9" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CDD18246C4CB502C9BF8A4F84C4653E" italics="true">P. crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5561D63BB1AF512EF0B488B3B44F7DBC" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neodiprioni">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B4D4DE488DB80F992293AB9C5F131B1" italics="true">P. neodiprioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F017225C6882EBFC8202B1A5950FC81" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C6B102B83FC015178D0361767B2070A" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="781A6C843D8CF3793A4A621A0E767FD4" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monocteni">
|
||
<emphasis id="78D50FD59F41CBB80204191C21872B0D" italics="true">P. monocteni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2595CBFAA0D70F2F7B53204C636AAEFD" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0385A69DA4877AC7FDCA2245D5D55FED" italics="true">P. pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3155FAD11A72E3164EE9C4E38B69D62C" baseAuthorityName="Argaman" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirsiris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D92522E8770F9BB91DAE7E8C962EC427" italics="true">P. sirsiris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also has a sparsely pitted male scape (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="578A959145A2FE8098001E526961517C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Perilampus hyalinus Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum and parascutal carina, posterior oblique view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A Neotype, ROME 204130; B – D, F, G ROME 182798; E ROME 167638; H ROME 189059]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191567">5 G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="EC38BCD3C3D45AAE4908573C9B04552A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Perilampus sirsiris Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla, posterior oblique view C head, dorsal view D head, anterior view E lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus F, G scape. [A ROME 162278; B ROME 204099; C ROME 199527; D ROME 162281; F ROME 152680; E ROME 162281; G ROME 185910]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191569">7 F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5C78A53DE44EE832FDC9445888F1A3DB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Perilampus neodiprioni Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A – D, F Paratype, ROME 162274; E ROME 185922; G ROME 152634; H Paratype, ROME 97556]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191571">9 G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="14E8D0CFCD777F1F5BE7F9712D8B5557" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Perilampus monocteni Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E, F clypeus G, H scape. [A – C, E, G Paratype, ROME 207328 D, F, H Paratype, ROME 207329]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191573">11 G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0762C7789289E31DFB78E47D9EEA2BCD" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Perilampus crassus Male A habitus, lateral view B lateral panel of pronotum, parascutal carina, and axilla, posterior oblique view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus G, H scape. [A, B, G Paratype, ROME 189063; C, E, F Paratype, ROME 189062; H Paratype, ROME 189117]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191575">13 G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1863C392F699491624FE87EC3FFC08D9" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Perilampus pilosus Female A habitus, dorsal view. Male B habitus, lateral view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F, G scape. [A Paratype, ROME 189067; B Paratype, ROME 152727; C, D, F Paratype, ROME 182757; E Paratype, ROME 152714; G Paratype, ROME 152725]. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 100 μm (F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191577">15 F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the lateral panel of pronotum without a triangular flange (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="302C8E5270CF8CB340C3769E38A1C19F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Perilampus hyalinus Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E axillula F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J parascutal carina K mesoscutellum apex L, M mesofemoral depression. [A ROME 185913; B, K ROME 189058; C, M ROME 185947; D, F ROME 189056; E, G ROME 162229; H ROME 167636; I ROME 189060; L ROME 162246]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191566">4 D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0126A7F9B56FBD24C522BC162ED1C346" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Perilampus sirsiris Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D, E lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view F parascutal carina G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, B, D, F, H, J, K ROME 182764; E, G, L ROME 189054; I ROME 182766]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191568">6 D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="43C5C44372256216D4151C9DFA35E6EE" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Perilampus neodiprioni Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E axillula F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I clypeus J parascutal carina K mesoscutellum apex L, M mesofemoral depression. [A – E, G, H, J, L Paratype, ROME 162273; F, M Paratype, ROME 198146; I ROME 181757; K ROME 189061]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191570">8 D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D653F578350F010529B3EFDD66A3678" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Perilampus monocteni Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesosucutm along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I, J c lypeus K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, B, D, K Paratype, ROME 201078; C Paratype, ROME 207336; E, J, L Holotype, ROME 201079; F Paratype, ROME 207331; G – I Paratype, ROME 207334]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191572">10 D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DA19B9EA8441BF9E6761836D8E162915" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Perilampus crassus Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A – H, J, L Holotype, ROME 182771 I Paratype, ROME 189085 K Paratype, ROME 189115]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191574">12 D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F84344FB01762AF6C0E4B7BEC79ACA4F" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Perilampus pilosus Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E parascutal carina F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J head, lateral view K mesoscutellum apex L mesofemoral depression. [A, H Holotype, ROME 182765; B, C, E – G, L Paratype, ROME 182819; I, J Paratype, ROME 189067; K ROME 189129; L Paratype, ROME 152679]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191576">14 D</figureCitation>
|
||
). But the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AEAE946F48783BAEAE1782E947C3F77" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA9F266D2A6FF6D5C43B0FDC38012B6C" italics="true">P. hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 2 species do not have the strong cupreous mesonotum in females (e. g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="95113200374E8CD3595A11EC271B3FF3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Perilampus hyalinus Female A habitus, lateral view B habitus dorsal view C lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus D lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view E axillula F axilla G head, dorsal view H head, anterior view I lower face J parascutal carina K mesoscutellum apex L, M mesofemoral depression. [A ROME 185913; B, K ROME 189058; C, M ROME 185947; D, F ROME 189056; E, G ROME 162229; H ROME 167636; I ROME 189060; L ROME 162246]. Scale bar: 1 mm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191566">4 B</figureCitation>
|
||
), except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA72472F6C5170A1976DEF12EFA5457" authorityName="Yoo & Darling" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD25E159B23710E0A0449931AF24D799" italics="true">P. pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="53DE03A0DBFE8CF99AE43AD2FF310482" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Perilampus pilosus Female A habitus, dorsal view. Male B habitus, lateral view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E lower face F, G scape. [A Paratype, ROME 189067; B Paratype, ROME 152727; C, D, F Paratype, ROME 182757; E Paratype, ROME 152714; G Paratype, ROME 152725]. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 100 μm (F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191577">15 A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="28274C96ADDFD91C3DC7F0DA1112A39A" ID-DOI="10.3897/jhr.97.133255.figure4" ID-arpha="B31ED5E2-317B-598F-99FA-48D46E01D07F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1191566" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB498686CCF5758ECD3950A5AE2105A5">
|
||
<label id="212C534358659F95B5FF09E7B134D839">Figure 4.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E89C5261DAE10EAD0ADD48BD6D64C43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47CB4ABC9D78ABC5E1506A89764D545E" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Perilampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E22C763B69BD176EF9AECC5164EC5385" italics="true">Perilampus hyalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Female
|
||
<emphasis id="FACF0892E83190EF12B0B14541D55F00" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="759456F7557095F70BD2A33E70FDF1BE" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
habitus dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="420B79A644590137F11B97A9DC553B9C" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral lobe of mesoscutum along notaulus
|
||
<emphasis id="DB306CD7FF2978CF2E010C0767C68C06" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral panel of pronotum, posterior oblique view
|
||
<emphasis id="4EAAAAEEA670C7B471820280B42F4A02" bold="true">E</emphasis>
|
||
axillula
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0AB5B2FFA50C9676E53E13E57C045" bold="true">F</emphasis>
|
||
axilla
|
||
<emphasis id="1EA58C7670F5E858D6FC4BAC87CEB953" bold="true">G</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="BC7291C2669C249A81099BE09DE8C15E" bold="true">H</emphasis>
|
||
head, anterior view
|
||
<emphasis id="9BA3A753E6BC037FE4CE6029DDCC4691" bold="true">I</emphasis>
|
||
lower face
|
||
<emphasis id="DCA897C1231CD9963458668C5A97FF66" bold="true">J</emphasis>
|
||
parascutal carina
|
||
<emphasis id="E63DA46A78B6018A02FD5052B66C063B" bold="true">K</emphasis>
|
||
mesoscutellum apex
|
||
<emphasis id="AE2A32A92593004FB4AF5B358E4EC639" bold="true">L, M</emphasis>
|
||
mesofemoral depression. [
|
||
<emphasis id="A9236D7AE2D76EFD6EB3E0C2137F7E63" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 185913;
|
||
<emphasis id="6D90C1E21867D3BADA1B640A53924CBD" bold="true">B, K</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 189058;
|
||
<emphasis id="971D7EAA259F87A55D578774236F19B1" bold="true">C, M</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 185947;
|
||
<emphasis id="D5B3DC1BFC85EBE03F25515B9422A192" bold="true">D, F</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 189056;
|
||
<emphasis id="48C62D505F0DAFAECF30C693DB2617E2" bold="true">E, G</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 162229;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9883BA53F0C055074A3C8B71A2A63B1" bold="true">H</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 167636;
|
||
<emphasis id="3E3B77AC5FE679C1E19E68C258D7455D" bold="true">I</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 189060;
|
||
<emphasis id="0B9E80E1EC84FD3FB631C6D7CF757CE3" bold="true">L</emphasis>
|
||
ROME 162246]. Scale bar: 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B2C41F6CA7B58D55FA27B02BCFE61663" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |