707 lines
94 KiB
XML
707 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document id="EF1410BC3100130CCEC4A71293A3F0BC" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4221.3.2" ID-CLB-Dataset="37295" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.250240" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f206a0ba-0cfd-4018-870a-b38d8525621e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250240" ID-ZooBank="B0B97269-AE03-4A41-811A-5F135988055E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484724394892" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sluys, Ronald, Neumann, Matthias, De Lima, Ricardo F. & Drewes, Robert C." docDate="2017" docId="06116D51FFD58451FF02FA41FACEFF43" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4221.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4221 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Othelosoma simile Sluys & Neumann, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="318" masterDocId="FA281529FFC3844DFF95FFB3FFB3FFBD" masterDocTitle="Land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) of São Tomé: a first account on their diversity, with the description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="313" updateTime="1698435828829" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="1EBD9C13019948732BF280514436C919" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="B09EF42D4C2FE1CB7363B0F64F049CAC">Land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) of São Tomé: a first account on their diversity, with the description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D3254C08E2F32E479EEBC8541D8203E6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3D8013E0B3BBC4313335BDECCE370BD2">Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7EA232EAE1FDFF5C23FE7C68D08D97FF">Neumann, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="80F56912996F3F00A3549FB1DC339E63">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="36E789AD8178D0283235520C803F7F5E">De Lima, Ricardo F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C3F04B684C5F3BBB653772F500E40CAB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="526727C13304FA6734BA7FFC52F43733">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D18D11D3F334E03EEE98997F4D28848">Drewes, Robert C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="07A8FE74F98411A5CB46D5F8FCD0F80B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="84DBADC559FBB60AE5D0248E347BA402">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="95AEAACD0C493DCDFB679B173908DB33">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="589D67D7FAA34B21645EC9E18E817675">4221</mods:number>
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<treatment id="06116D51FFD58451FF02FA41FACEFF43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022416" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127614159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022416" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06116D51FFD58451FF02FA41FACEFF43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/06116D51FFD58451FF02FA41FACEFF43" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">
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<subSubSection id="C6A28FCCFFD5845BFF02FA41FD7DF9B0" box="[151,718,1522,1549]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD5845BFF02FA41FD7DF9B0" blockId="22.[151,718,1522,1549]" box="[151,718,1522,1549]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">
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<heading id="D54F6B2BFFD5845BFF02FA41FD7DF9B0" bold="true" box="[151,718,1522,1549]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFF02FA41FD7DF9B0" bold="true" box="[151,718,1522,1549]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">
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<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD5845BFF02FA41FDD7F9B0" authority="Sluys & Neumann" authorityName="Sluys & Neumann" box="[151,612,1522,1549]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFF02FA41FEC5F9B1" bold="true" box="[151,374,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Othelosoma simile</emphasis>
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Sluys & Neumann
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A7FFBD2EFFD5845BFDE4FA40FD7DF9B0" box="[625,718,1523,1549]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C6A28FCCFFD5845BFF02F98AFCAEF927" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD5845BFF02F98AFCAEF927" blockId="22.[151,1437,1593,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">
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<materialsCitation id="3ED0D61AFFD5845BFF02F98AFCAEF927" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424788107" collectingDate="2015-01-30" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="V. Pl. & Leonel Viegas" country="Sao Tome and Principe" location="Bom Sucesso" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFF02F98AFE33F9EF" bold="true" box="[151,384,1593,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="510362E5FFD5845BFE18F98AFE49F9EF" box="[397,506,1593,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="E8A94482FFD5845BFD90F989FDF0F9EF" box="[517,579,1594,1618]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">ZMA</collectionCode>
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<collectorName id="234DB991FFD5845BFDDFF98AFD33F9EF" box="[586,640,1593,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">V.Pl.</collectorName>
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7255.1,
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<collectingCountry id="F6AF9CD7FFD5845BFD74F989FCE2F9EF" box="[737,849,1594,1618]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
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Island,
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<location id="8B678A9CFFD5845BFC3FF989FBF6F9EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06116D51FFD58451FF02FA41FACEFF43:8B678A9CFFD5845BFC3FF989FBF6F9EF" box="[938,1093,1594,1618]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Bom Sucesso" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Bom Sucesso</location>
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,
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<date id="FA06FA87FFD5845BFBC5F989FABFF9EF" box="[1104,1292,1593,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" value="2015-01-30">
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<collectingDate id="EA42036FFFD5845BFBC5F989FABFF9EF" box="[1104,1292,1593,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" value="2015-01-30">30 January 2015</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="234DB991FFD5845BFADBF98AFF55F9CB" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Leonel Viegas</collectorName>
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, sagittal sections of the anterior part on 7 slides; sagittal sections of the pharyngeal portion on 12 slides; sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus on 15 slides.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C6A28FCCFFD5845BFF52F916FC58F95C" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD5845BFF52F916FC58F95C" blockId="22.[151,1437,1593,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFF52F916FEF5F903" bold="true" box="[199,326,1701,1726]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Etymology</emphasis>
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. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFCCCF916FC11F900" box="[857,930,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">similis</emphasis>
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, like, resembling, and alludes to the fact that externally this species is very similar to one form of
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<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD5845BFD71F97AFC57F95C" box="[740,996,1737,1761]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFD71F97AFC57F95C" box="[740,996,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Othelosoma impensum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C6A28FCCFFD5845BFF52F95EFEC4F807" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD5845BFF52F95EFEC4F807" blockId="22.[151,1437,1593,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFF52F95EFE89F8BB" bold="true" box="[199,314,1773,1798]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Blackish
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<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD5845BFE20F95EFD8FF8B8" box="[437,572,1773,1797]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFE20F95EFD8FF8B8" box="[437,572,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Othelosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species with two light grey dorsal bands, which are separated by a median black line. Anterior end orange. Dorsal retractor extending from the anterior margin to one-fifth of the total body length of the preserved specimen. Ventral testes extending posteriorly to two-thirds of the distance between the root of the pharynx and the anterior end of the seminal vesicle. Short penis papilla with a dorsally shifted ejaculatory duct. Vaginal duct and bursal canal with separate openings into copulatory bursa. Sphincter muscle around the vaginal duct absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C6A28FCCFFD58457FF52F876FAE5FCAA" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="22" pageNumber="313" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD5845AFF52F876FAD9FEA1" blockId="22.[151,1437,1593,2014]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD5845BFF52F876FEEAF863" bold="true" box="[199,345,1989,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="313">Description.</emphasis>
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Dorsal surface blackish with two light greyish bands, separated by a narrow blackish stripe. The anterior tip is pale orange, in the live animal being devoid of bands or stripe; however, bands and stripe do extend to the tail end (
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<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD4845AFED5FF0FFE26FF69" box="[320,405,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1542,1565]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,372,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1522]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 43. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 40. Living specimen (not collected) from Ribeira Peixe. Scale bar not available. Fig. 41. Holotype, in ethanol. Fig. 42. Holotype, sagittal section through the anterior end showing eye, retractor and ventral nerve cord. Fig. 43. Holotype, sagittal section through the pharyngeal part of the body; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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). Ventral surface dirty-white (
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<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD4845AFD71FF0FFC84FF69" box="[740,823,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1542,1565]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,372,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1522]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 43. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 40. Living specimen (not collected) from Ribeira Peixe. Scale bar not available. Fig. 41. Holotype, in ethanol. Fig. 42. Holotype, sagittal section through the anterior end showing eye, retractor and ventral nerve cord. Fig. 43. Holotype, sagittal section through the pharyngeal part of the body; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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). Anterior tip with a pair of well developed eyes at the very front. The preserved specimen measured
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<quantity id="494071A2FFD4845AFD30FF53FD5EFF45" box="[677,749,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="23.0">23mm</quantity>
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in length and had a body width of
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<quantity id="494071A2FFD4845AFB15FF53FB61FF45" box="[1152,1234,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3mm</quantity>
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. Narrow creeping sole comprising between one-third and one-fourth of the total body width of the preserved specimen (
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<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD4845AFA9CFEB7FAEFFEA1" box="[1289,1372,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1542,1565]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,372,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1522]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 43. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 40. Living specimen (not collected) from Ribeira Peixe. Scale bar not available. Fig. 41. Holotype, in ethanol. Fig. 42. Holotype, sagittal section through the anterior end showing eye, retractor and ventral nerve cord. Fig. 43. Holotype, sagittal section through the pharyngeal part of the body; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DAC78CCFFFD4845AFF02F9B5FB7BF9E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="314" targetBox="[184,1413,372,1514]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD4845AFF02F9B5FB7BF9E7" blockId="23.[151,1437,1542,1626]" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD4845AFF02F9B5FEE5F9A1" bold="true" box="[151,342,1542,1565]" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">FIGURES 40–43.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD4845AFECBF9B4FDAEF9A0" box="[350,541,1543,1565]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="23" pageNumber="314" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD4845AFECBF9B4FDAEF9A0" box="[350,541,1543,1565]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">Othelosoma simile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Fig. 40. Living specimen (not collected) from Ribeira Peixe. Scale bar not available. Fig. 41. Holotype, in ethanol. Fig. 42. Holotype, sagittal section through the anterior end showing eye, retractor and ventral nerve cord. Fig. 43. Holotype, sagittal section through the pharyngeal part of the body; anterior to the left.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD4845AFF52F931FA32F8BB" blockId="23.[151,1437,1666,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">
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Subepidermal musculature consisting of a thin layer of circular muscles, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscles. Parenchymal longitudinal muscles well developed, particularly on the ventral side, where longitudinal muscles are present also dorsally to the ventral nerve cords. Strong retractor muscle developed in the anterior end of the body, extending throughout the anterior fifth of the body in the preserved specimen (
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<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD4845AFA8AF95EFAC7F8BB" box="[1311,1396,1773,1798]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1542,1565]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,372,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1522]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 43. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 40. Living specimen (not collected) from Ribeira Peixe. Scale bar not available. Fig. 41. Holotype, in ethanol. Fig. 42. Holotype, sagittal section through the anterior end showing eye, retractor and ventral nerve cord. Fig. 43. Holotype, sagittal section through the pharyngeal part of the body; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD4845AFF52F8A7FE05F857" blockId="23.[151,1437,1666,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="314">The root of the cylindrical pharynx is placed at 1/3rd of the distance between the anterior tip and the posterior end of the specimen. Pharynx length is approximately 1/16th of the total body length in the preserved specimen. Mouth located at 1/3rd of the distance between the anterior and the posterior tip of the specimen. The mouth is located at 4/5th of the distance between the root of the pharynx and the posterior wall of the pharyngeal cavity. Pharyngeal pouch musculature composed of few layers of subepithelial intermingled muscles with both circular and longitudinal muscles.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DAC78CCFFFDB8455FF02FB5AFBF1FB42" box="[151,1090,1257,1279]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250255/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="315" targetBox="[155,1429,212,1217]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDB8455FF02FB5AFBF1FB42" blockId="24.[151,1090,1257,1279]" box="[151,1090,1257,1279]" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">
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<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDB8455FF02FB5AFE93FB43" bold="true" box="[151,288,1257,1279]" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFDB8455FEB0FB5AFE51FB42" box="[293,482,1257,1279]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="24" pageNumber="315" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDB8455FEB0FB5AFE51FB42" box="[293,482,1257,1279]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">Othelosoma simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory system.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDB8455FF52FA9EFEDEFAD4" blockId="24.[151,1437,1324,1999]" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">Inner and outer pharynx epithelium underlain by layers of intermingled muscles with both circular and longitudinal fibres.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDB8455FF52FAC7FE72FA44" blockId="24.[151,1437,1324,1999]" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">
|
||
The first testes are located
|
||
<quantity id="494071A2FFDB8455FD97FAC6FDE3FA30" box="[514,592,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1mm</quantity>
|
||
behind the ovaries and
|
||
<quantity id="494071A2FFDB8455FCFCFAC6FC0BFA30" box="[873,952,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9mm</quantity>
|
||
behind the centre of the brain. The testes extend posteriorly to almost
|
||
<quantity id="494071A2FFDB8455FE73FA2BFD87FA0C" box="[486,564,1432,1457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the muscular seminal vesicle. In other words, the testes extend posteriorly to well behind the mouth, to two-thirds of the distance between the root of the pharynx and the anterior end of the seminal vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDB8455FF52F9B7FAFDF9DA" blockId="24.[151,1437,1324,1999]" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">
|
||
The testes are located ventrally on either side of the body between the intestinal branches and the parenchymal muscle band that is located dorsally to the nerve cords. The shape of the testes follicles is oblong, the follicles occupying approximately 1/6th of the dorso-ventral diameter in the prepharyngeal part of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFDB8455FB78F9FDFAF1F9DA" box="[1261,1346,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1542,1565]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,372,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1522]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 43. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 40. Living specimen (not collected) from Ribeira Peixe. Scale bar not available. Fig. 41. Holotype, in ethanol. Fig. 42. Holotype, sagittal section through the anterior end showing eye, retractor and ventral nerve cord. Fig. 43. Holotype, sagittal section through the pharyngeal part of the body; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDB8455FF52F9C0FA9BF872" blockId="24.[151,1437,1324,1999]" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">
|
||
The sperm ducts run amongst the fibers of the layer of longitudinal parenchymal muscle located dorsally to the ventral nerve cords. Upon approaching the proximal, ventrally orientated portion of the seminal vesicle, one of the sperm ducts immediately opens into the very proximal section of the vesicle. The other sperm duct initially proceeds a short distance (about 100µm) beyond the proximal section of the seminal vesicle, after which it recurves to open also into the vesicle. From this point, the elongated seminal vesicle gently curves posteriad, then running more or less parallel to the body surface. Its lumen is rather broad and gradually narrows, thus giving rise to the ejaculatory duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFDB8455FECEF8F8FE1CF8DE" box="[347,431,1867,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,212,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 44. Othelosoma simile. Holotype, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250255/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter runs a decentral, dorsally displaced course through the penis and opens at the tip of the papilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFDB8455FEFBF8DDFE75F83A" box="[366,454,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 47" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1218,1241]" captionTargetBox="[190,1401,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,171,1198]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 47. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 45. Holotype, sagittal section of the penis papilla and the seminal vesicle. Fig. 46. Holotype, sagittal section through copulatory bursa, vaginal duct and penis papilla; anterior to the right. Fig. 47. Holotype, sagittal section through the copulatory system; anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="315">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lining epithelium of the ejaculatory duct is nucleated and stratified, while the epithelium of the seminal vesicle is lined by a nucleated, pseudostratified epithelium. The entire seminal vesicle is surrounded by a well developed sheath of circular muscles, interspersed with longitudinal muscle fibres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DAC78CCFFFDA8454FF02FB71FCF3FAAB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250256/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="316" targetBox="[190,1401,195,1158]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDA8454FF02FB71FCF3FAAB" blockId="25.[151,1436,1218,1302]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDA8454FF02FB71FEE6FB65" bold="true" box="[151,341,1218,1241]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">FIGURES 45–47.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFDA8454FECEFB70FDABFB64" box="[347,536,1219,1241]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="25" pageNumber="316" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDA8454FECEFB70FDABFB64" box="[347,536,1219,1241]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">Othelosoma simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Fig. 45. Holotype, sagittal section of the penis papilla and the seminal vesicle. Fig. 46. Holotype, sagittal section through copulatory bursa, vaginal duct and penis papilla; anterior to the right. Fig. 47. Holotype, sagittal section through the copulatory system; anterior to the right.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDA8454FF52FA8EFA35FAC7" blockId="25.[151,1436,1341,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">The short, cone-shaped penis papilla is covered with a nucleated epithelium. The penis papilla proper, i.e. from its point of insertion to the tip, measures 380µm in length, while the seminal vesicle measures 1250µm in length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDA8454FF52FA36FEE7F9B7" blockId="25.[151,1436,1341,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">
|
||
Penis glands are mainly distributed dorsally and ventrally of the root of the penis papilla and dorsally and ventrally of the anterior sixth of the seminal vesicle. Further there are many glands anterior to the seminal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFDA8454FF0AFA7EFF46FA5B" box="[159,245,1485,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,212,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 44. Othelosoma simile. Holotype, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250255/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). These glands discharge their erythrophil secretion into the ejaculatory duct and the seminal vesicle, or prostatic vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDA8454FF52F9A6FDA6F9EF" blockId="25.[151,1436,1341,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">Genital atrium lined with a thin, nucleated epithelium, underlain with a subepithelial circular muscle layer, followed by longitudinal muscles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDA8454FF52F9EDFDA4F958" blockId="25.[151,1436,1341,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">
|
||
Gonopore located halfway of the distance between the anterior and posterior end of the specimen. Distance between mouth and gonopore approximately
|
||
<quantity id="494071A2FFDA8454FD34F937FD40F920" box="[673,755,1668,1693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5mm</quantity>
|
||
. i.e. between 1/4th and 1/3rd of the total body length in the preserved specimen. The gonoduct is surrounded by a thin, subepidermal layer of circular muscles, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDA8454FF52F940FD2EF8EA" blockId="25.[151,1436,1341,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">The slightly dorso-ventrally elongated ovaries are located above the ventral nerve cords, occupying 1/10th of dorso-ventral diameter of the anterior part of the body. They are positioned at approximately 1/4th of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFDA8454FF52F8D1FD8FF85A" blockId="25.[151,1436,1341,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">
|
||
The oviducts arise from the latero-ventral sides of the ovaries. Oviducts run in posterior direction between the fibers of the parenchymal muscle band, dorsally to the nerve cords. Approximately 300µm posterior to the gonopore, the oviducts curve dorso-medially and, subsequently, unite to form a short common oviduct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFDA8454FAAFF819FA23F87E" box="[1338,1424,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,212,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 44. Othelosoma simile. Holotype, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250255/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="316">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter opens into the bursal canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FF2BFABBFE35" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">From the point where it receives the oviducal opening, the bursal canal runs for about 300µm into anterior direction to open into the atrium, about 290µm dorsally to the ventral body surface (this section of the bursal canal corresponds to the so-called canalis anonymus). After one-third of the way between the oviducal opening and the atrial opening of the canalis anonymus, a dorsal branch of the bursal canal (corresponding to Beauchamp's canal) slightly rises antero-dorsally for about 50µm, thereafter curving postero-dorsally to enter the copulatory bursa after running strait into dorsal direction for about 150µm. The bursal canal opens through the ventral wall of the copulatory bursa. The lining epithelium of the bursal canal extends for a short distance into the bursa.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FE27FC80FDA5" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">The separate opening of the vaginal duct into the bursa is located 40µm anteriorly from the opening of the bursal canal. The lining epithelium of the bursal canal extends also for a short distance into the bursa. The vaginal duct is slightly curved into anterior direction and runs from the bursa about 420µm into ventral direction to open into the atrium, 210µm dorsally to the ventral body surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FD97FD3CFD15" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Vaginal duct and bursal canal are lined with a nucleated, ciliated and pseudostratified epithelium. The musculature around the vaginal duct consists of well developed layers of intermingled circular and longitudinal muscles, especially strong around the middle part of the duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD98457FCC7FDDFFC14FD38" box="[850,935,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 47" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1218,1241]" captionTargetBox="[190,1401,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,171,1198]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 47. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 45. Holotype, sagittal section of the penis papilla and the seminal vesicle. Fig. 46. Holotype, sagittal section through copulatory bursa, vaginal duct and penis papilla; anterior to the right. Fig. 47. Holotype, sagittal section through the copulatory system; anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250256/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). The musculature around the bursal canal is composed of a thin layer of circular muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FD07FAE5FCAA" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
The small egg-shaped bursa measures about 350µm in length and about 200µm in height, thus occupying around 1/4th of the dorso-ventral diameter of the body in this part of the specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD98457FBA1FD69FB3BFD4E" box="[1076,1160,730,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 47" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1218,1241]" captionTargetBox="[190,1401,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,171,1198]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 47. Othelosoma simile. Fig. 45. Holotype, sagittal section of the penis papilla and the seminal vesicle. Fig. 46. Holotype, sagittal section through copulatory bursa, vaginal duct and penis papilla; anterior to the right. Fig. 47. Holotype, sagittal section through the copulatory system; anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250256/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bursa is lined with a well developed, pseudostratified, nucleated epithelium. No distinct muscles surround the copulatory bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C6A28FCCFFD98457FF52FC91FBB3FCE2" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FC91FBB3FCE2" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FF52FC91FED3FC86" bold="true" box="[199,352,802,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="510362E5FFD98457FD5EFC90FD48FC86" box="[715,763,803,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, near Monte Café in the northern part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F6AF9CD7FFD98457FABFFC90FA2FFC86" box="[1322,1436,803,827]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4C7C12A5FFD98457FABFFC90FA2FFC86" box="[1322,1436,803,827]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">São Tomé</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F6AF9CD7FFD98457FF02FCF5FF6DFCE2" box="[151,222,838,863]" name="Iceland" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and from Ribeira Peixe, about
|
||
<quantity id="494071A2FFD98457FDD4FCF5FD32FCE2" box="[577,641,838,863]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" unit="km" value="25.0">25km</quantity>
|
||
south of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="510362E5FFD98457FC86FCFBFCF0FCDD" box="[787,835,840,864]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD98457FC3BFCF5FC41FCE2" box="[942,1010,838,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1305,1328]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,293,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,265,1328]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Fig. 9. Distributional records of terrestrial planarians used in this study. Red filled circle: Othelosoma lineaenigrum; blue filled triangle: Othelosoma duplamaculosum; purple filled square: Othelosoma impensum; brown filled hexagon: Othelosoma laticlavium; green filled asterisk: Othelosoma simile; black cross: Bipalium kewense. Fig. 10. Othelosoma impensum, holotype, drawing of anterior end of specimen in ethanol. Fig. 11. Othelosoma impensum, holotype, dorsal side of living specimen; scale bar not available. Fig. 12. Othelosoma impensum, holotype, ventral side of living specimen. Scale bar not available." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250244/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C6A28FCCFFD98451FF52FCD9FACEFF43" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FCD9FC32FC4D" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FF52FCD9FEFFFC3E" bold="true" box="[199,332,874,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The external appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FD0FFCD8FCDDFC3E" box="[666,878,875,899]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FD0FFCD8FCDDFC3E" box="[666,878,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Othelosoma simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="510362E5FFD98457FBEAFCD9FB52FC3E" box="[1151,1249,874,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FA14FCD8FEBAFC1A" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FA14FCD8FEBAFC1A" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that both have a dark ground colour, a dorsal narrow dark line with on either side a greyish band, and an orange tip. Although the colour pattern is the same, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FCAAFC00FC14FC76" box="[831,935,947,971]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FCAAFC00FC14FC76" box="[831,935,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the colour is made up of a black pigment, whereas in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="510362E5FFD98457FEAAFC65FE12FC52" box="[319,417,982,1007]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FDA2FC64FD78FC52" box="[567,715,983,1007]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FDA2FC64FD78FC52" box="[567,715,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is dark green.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FC48FF52FA8F" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Two aspects concerning the colouration of these two species are confusing. First, the preserved specimen ZMA V.Pl. 7251.1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FEDFFBACFE6CFB8A" box="[330,479,1055,1079]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FEDFFBACFE6CFB8A" box="[330,479,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had a pale yellow dorsal surface, in contrast to the striped
|
||
<typeStatus id="510362E5FFD98457FB14FBADFB50FB8A" box="[1153,1251,1054,1079]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen ZMA V.Pl. 7250.1. Although photos of live animals are not available, upon collection the sample V.Pl. 7251.1 was described as "all white." Photos of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="510362E5FFD98457FDD0FBD5FD14FBC2" box="[581,679,1126,1151]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FCA9FBD4FC7DFBC2" box="[828,974,1127,1151]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FCA9FBD4FC7DFBC2" box="[828,974,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly indicate that the ground colour of the body is dark green and that the dorsal stripe is also dark green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1683C0C2FFD98457FC32FB39FC48FB1E" box="[935,1019,1162,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1305,1328]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,293,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,265,1328]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Fig. 9. Distributional records of terrestrial planarians used in this study. Red filled circle: Othelosoma lineaenigrum; blue filled triangle: Othelosoma duplamaculosum; purple filled square: Othelosoma impensum; brown filled hexagon: Othelosoma laticlavium; green filled asterisk: Othelosoma simile; black cross: Bipalium kewense. Fig. 10. Othelosoma impensum, holotype, drawing of anterior end of specimen in ethanol. Fig. 11. Othelosoma impensum, holotype, dorsal side of living specimen; scale bar not available. Fig. 12. Othelosoma impensum, holotype, ventral side of living specimen. Scale bar not available." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250244/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), but we noted that in the preserved animal the ground colour and the stripe actually appear dull black. Despite these confusing and partly contradictory data on external appearances, anatomical information unequivocally showed that specimens V.Pl. 7250.1 and V.Pl. 7251.1 belong to one and the same species, viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FD29FB44FCE2FAB2" box="[700,849,1271,1295]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FD29FB44FCE2FAB2" box="[700,849,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above), which is specifically different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FA14FB44FF69FA8E" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FA14FB44FF69FA8E" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52FAF3FF4DF992" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
However, there are also some anatomical similarities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FC19FA8CFC41FAEA" box="[908,1010,1343,1367]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FC19FA8CFC41FAEA" box="[908,1010,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FBBEFA8CFB73FAEA" box="[1067,1216,1343,1367]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FBBEFA8CFB73FAEA" box="[1067,1216,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species have (a) a well developed antero-dorsal retractor, extending from the anterior margin to the anterior fifth of the specimen, (b) a dorsally shifted ejaculatory duct running through a small penis papilla and (c) a long male atrium. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FE99FA18FE11FA7F" box="[268,418,1451,1474]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FE99FA18FE11FA7F" box="[268,418,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FDD6FA18FD19FA7E" box="[579,682,1451,1475]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FDD6FA18FD19FA7E" box="[579,682,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the presence of a long, wide and muscular seminal vesicle that runs parallel to the body surface. Further, the slightly curved seminal vesicle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FB80FA7CFBC9FA5A" box="[1045,1146,1487,1511]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FB80FA7CFBC9FA5A" box="[1045,1146,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not so muscular as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FF23FA40FEF9F9B7" box="[182,330,1523,1546]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FF23FA40FEF9F9B7" box="[182,330,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is also much smaller, in comparison to the dorsoventral diameter of the animal in that part of the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF5BF989FD03F8BA" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Other morphological differences in the male reproductive system of these two species are that the testes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FA14F988FEBAF9CA" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FA14F988FEBAF9CA" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extend much farther into posterior direction, reaching the proximal section of the seminal vesicle, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FE8CF930FECCF926" box="[281,383,1667,1691]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FE8CF930FECCF926" box="[281,383,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the testes extend posteriorly to almost
|
||
<quantity id="494071A2FFD98457FCABF931FC3FF926" box="[830,908,1666,1691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the muscular seminal vesicle. Also the course of the sperm ducts is different. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FD12F914FCA9F902" box="[647,794,1703,1727]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FD12F914FCA9F902" box="[647,794,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sperm ducts run posteriorly to about three-quarters of the length of the seminal vesicle before they recurve. But in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FCD8F978FC07F95E" box="[845,948,1739,1763]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FCD8F978FC07F95E" box="[845,948,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sperm ducts recurve immediately after reaching the anterior end of the seminal vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98457FF52F8A1FC46F806" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Differences in the female reproductive systems of the two species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FC28F8A0FBE0F897" box="[957,1107,1811,1834]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FC28F8A0FBE0F897" box="[957,1107,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FB19F8A0FB40F896" box="[1164,1267,1811,1835]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FB19F8A0FB40F896" box="[1164,1267,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are numerous. The copulatory bursa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FE3DF884FD8FF8F2" box="[424,572,1847,1871]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FE3DF884FD8FF8F2" box="[424,572,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much bigger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FCD4F884FC15F8F2" box="[833,934,1847,1871]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FCD4F884FC15F8F2" box="[833,934,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in comparison to the dorso-ventral diameter of the animals in that part of the body. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FD13F8E8FD5DF8CE" box="[646,750,1883,1907]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FD13F8E8FD5DF8CE" box="[646,750,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the bursa has two distinct separate openings, receiving the separate entries of the bursal canal and the vaginal duct, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FC1FF8CCFBAEF82A" box="[906,1053,1919,1943]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FC1FF8CCFBAEF82A" box="[906,1053,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bursal canal and vaginal duct first join to form a short common section that, subsequently, opens into the bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD98456FF52F875FF4AFEA0" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">
|
||
The course of the bursal canal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FDAFF874FD2CF862" box="[570,671,1991,2015]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FDAFF874FD2CF862" box="[570,671,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FD41F874FCDBF862" box="[724,872,1991,2015]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FD41F874FCDBF862" box="[724,872,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar but only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD98457FB00F874FB49F862" box="[1173,1274,1991,2015]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="26" pageNumber="317" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD98457FB00F874FB49F862" box="[1173,1274,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="317">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it receives the opening of a short common oviduct, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FD57FF2BFCEBFF12" box="[706,856,152,175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FD57FF2BFCEBFF12" box="[706,856,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the oviducts open separately into the bursal canal. The vaginal ducts follow different courses, while the vaginal duct of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FC50FF0FFBEDFF69" box="[965,1118,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="impensum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FC50FF0FFBEDFF69" box="[965,1118,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. impensum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is surrounded by a mighty sphincter, which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE77FF53FDFBFF45" box="[482,584,224,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE77FF53FDFBFF45" box="[482,584,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the duct is surrounded only by a very thick coat of intermingled muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD88456FF52FE94FF56FD70" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
The presence of a well developed antero-dorsal retractor, two bursal openings and absence of a sphincter surrounding the vaginal duct or the bursal canal appears to be a relatively rare combination of features among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE88FEC3FE17FE35" box="[285,420,368,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE88FEC3FE17FE35" box="[285,420,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE2EFEC3FD27FE35" box="[443,660,368,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE2EFEC3FD27FE35" box="[443,660,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares this combination of characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB26FEC3FED5FE11" authority="De Beauchamp 1913" authorityName="De Beauchamp" authorityYear="1913" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB26FEC3FAD0FE35" box="[1203,1379,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FAEFFEC3FEEDFE11" author="De" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="De Beauchamp, P. (1913) Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912) - Resultats Scientifiques, 22 pp." type="book chapter" year="1913">De Beauchamp 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FEE7FE27FE52FE11" box="[370,481,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnaum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FEE7FE27FE52FE11" box="[370,481,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. gnaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FDB5FE27FD2FFE11" box="[544,668,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FDB5FE27FD2FFE11" box="[544,668,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FD44FE26FCC7FE10" author="Marcus" box="[721,884,404,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="Marcus, E. (1955 a) Turbellaria. In: Hanstrom, B. (Ed.), South African Animal Life - Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950 - 1951, Vol. 1. pp. 101 - 151." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="a">Marcus 1955a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FC14FE26FBC2FE10" author="De" box="[897,1137,404,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="De Beauchamp, P. (1956) Trois Planaires terrestres du Congo belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 53, 118 - 130." type="journal article" year="1956">De Beauchamp 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB11FE27FAD4FE11" box="[1156,1383,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huntum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB11FE27FAD4FE11" box="[1156,1383,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma huntum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a well developed dorsal retractor and no sphincter surrounding the vaginal duct. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB43FE0BFAF5FE6D" box="[1238,1350,440,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnaum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB43FE0BFAF5FE6D" box="[1238,1350,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. gnaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FA14FE0BFF58FE49" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huntum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FA14FE0BFF58FE49" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. huntum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterised by a sinuous course of the seminal vesicle, which can be divided into various parts, due to the presence of several constrictions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FDD1FDB3FD59FDA5" author="Marcus" box="[580,746,511,536]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="Marcus, E. (1955 a) Turbellaria. In: Hanstrom, B. (Ed.), South African Animal Life - Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950 - 1951, Vol. 1. pp. 101 - 151." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="a">Marcus 1955a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FD62FDB3FC5AFDA5" author="De" box="[759,1001,511,536]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="De Beauchamp, P. (1956) Trois Planaires terrestres du Congo belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 53, 118 - 130." type="journal article" year="1956">De Beauchamp 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB0BFDB3FAC2FDA5" box="[1182,1393,512,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB0BFDB3FAC2FDA5" box="[1182,1393,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FA14FDB3FF50FD81" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnaum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FA14FDB3FF50FD81" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. gnaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a huge bursa, which occupies about 80% of the dorso-ventral diameter of the animal. Further it is provided with a long penis papilla, traversed by a central ejaculatory duct, contrasting with the decentral course of the duct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE86FDDFFEC4FD39" box="[275,375,620,644]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE86FDDFFEC4FD39" box="[275,375,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE4EFDDFFDF3FD39" box="[475,576,620,644]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE4EFDDFFDF3FD39" box="[475,576,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FDE0FDDFFD43FD39" box="[629,752,620,644]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FDE0FDDFFD43FD39" box="[629,752,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a small bursa and a short common oviduct are present, but in the latter ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle follow a highly contorted course, while the penis papilla is much longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD88456FF52FD6BFEE5FBB2" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FF52FD6BFE6CFD4D" box="[199,479,728,752]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FF52FD6BFE6CFD4D" box="[199,479,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares another anatomical feature with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FC23FD6BFBACFD4D" box="[950,1055,728,752]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FC23FD6BFBACFD4D" box="[950,1055,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, viz. the presence of two bursal entries, one for the vaginal duct, the other one for the bursal canal. But in contrast to the two, close to each other and ventrally located bursal openings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FDF5FC93FD76FC85" box="[608,709,800,824]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FDF5FC93FD76FC85" box="[608,709,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FD65FC93FC2AFC85" box="[752,921,800,824]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FD65FC93FC2AFC85" box="[752,921,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
one bursal entry is located on the ventral side and the other on the dorsal side of the bursa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FD42FCF7FC60FCE1" author="De" box="[727,979,836,861]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="De Beauchamp, P. (1913) Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912) - Resultats Scientifiques, 22 pp." type="book chapter" year="1913">De Beauchamp 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The male reproductive system of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FA14FCF7FEAEFC3D" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FA14FCF7FEAEFC3D" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE6AFCDBFDD7FC3D" box="[511,612,872,896]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE6AFCDBFDD7FC3D" box="[511,612,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in various ways. The long penis papilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FBD2FCDBFB5CFC3D" box="[1095,1263,872,896]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FBD2FCDBFB5CFC3D" box="[1095,1263,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much longer and has a centrally orientated ejaculatory duct, in contrast to the penis papilla of
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FBA2FC3FFB17FC19" box="[1079,1188,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FBA2FC3FFB12FC19" box="[1079,1185,908,932]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">O. simile</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
while the ejaculatory duct of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FF79FC03FEE1FC75" box="[236,338,944,968]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FF79FC03FEE1FC75" box="[236,338,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shifted dorsad and has a bigger lumen. Futhermore, the seminal vesicle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB22FC03FAECFC75" box="[1207,1375,944,968]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB22FC03FAECFC75" box="[1207,1375,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Cshaped and very muscular, whereas the seminal vesicle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FCB0FC67FC38FC51" box="[805,907,980,1004]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FCB0FC67FC38FC51" box="[805,907,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is just slightly curved and only has a relatively thin muscle coat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD88456FF52FBAFFBE4FA20" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
There are several other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FDC4FBAFFD6BFB89" box="[593,728,1052,1076]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FDC4FBAFFD6BFB89" box="[593,728,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a dorsal pattern resembling that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB38FBAFFAA7FB89" box="[1197,1300,1052,1076]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB38FBAFFAA7FB89" box="[1197,1300,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FA14FBAFFF50FBE5" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnaum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FA14FBAFFF50FBE5" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. gnaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE89FBF3FE20FBE5" box="[284,403,1088,1112]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huntum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE89FBF3FE20FBE5" box="[284,403,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. huntum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition to the anatomical differences discussed above, the ground colour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FAB9FBF3FA2FFBE5" box="[1324,1436,1088,1112]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnaum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FAB9FBF3FA2FFBE5" box="[1324,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. gnaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FF53FBD7FE86FBC1" box="[198,309,1124,1148]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huntum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FF53FBD7FE86FBC1" box="[198,309,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O.huntum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is light brown and brownish yellow, contrasting with the black ground colour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB28FBD7FA92FBC1" box="[1213,1313,1124,1148]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB28FBD7FA92FBC1" box="[1213,1313,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in such animals it is debatable what is the ground colour and what constitutes the stripes and bands. Nevertheless, the regions directly adjacent to the dorsal band are light brown or brownish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB86FB1FFB31FB79" box="[1043,1154,1196,1220]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnaum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB86FB1FFB31FB79" box="[1043,1154,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. gnaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB2FFB1FFA82FB79" box="[1210,1329,1196,1220]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huntum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB2FFB1FFA82FB79" box="[1210,1329,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. huntum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas they are greyish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FEE6FB63FE6AFB55" box="[371,473,1232,1256]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FEE6FB63FE6AFB55" box="[371,473,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FDA5FB63FD04FB55" box="[560,695,1232,1256]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FDA5FB63FD04FB55" box="[560,695,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that also have three dorsal stripes are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB52FB63FE96FAB1" authority="Von Graff, 1899" authorityName="Von Graff" authorityYear="1899" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB52FB63FAEDFB55" box="[1223,1374,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. africanum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FAF8FB63FEAEFAB1" author="Von" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="Von Graff, L. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). I-XII + 574 pp. Atlas von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Pls. I-LVIII. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig." type="book" year="1899">Von Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FEA5FB47FD1AFAB0" authority="De Beauchamp, 1956" authorityName="De Beauchamp" authorityYear="1956" box="[304,681,1268,1293]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marlieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FEA5FB47FE1CFAB1" box="[304,431,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. marlieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FE20FB46FD1AFAB0" author="De" box="[437,681,1268,1293]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="De Beauchamp, P. (1956) Trois Planaires terrestres du Congo belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 53, 118 - 130." type="journal article" year="1956">De Beauchamp, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FD20FB47FC54FAB0" authority="Marcus, 1955" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1955" box="[693,999,1268,1293]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rudebecki">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FD20FB47FCF6FAB1" box="[693,837,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. rudebecki</emphasis>
|
||
Marcus, 1955
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB88FB47FA9DFAB0" authority="Gray, 1869" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1053,1326,1268,1293]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="symondsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB88FB47FB1BFAB1" box="[1053,1192,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. symondsi</emphasis>
|
||
Gray, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lastmentioned species shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE67FAABFDE4FA8D" box="[498,599,1304,1328]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE67FAABFDE4FA8D" box="[498,599,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the characteristic of a paler anterior end. However, anatomical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FF6BFA8FFED4FAE9" box="[254,359,1340,1364]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FF6BFA8FFED4FAE9" box="[254,359,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other more or less three-striped
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FC82FA8FFC2DFAE9" box="[791,926,1340,1364]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FC82FA8FFC2DFAE9" box="[791,926,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">Othelosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are numerous. None of these threestriped species has the combination of the following characters: presence of a dorsal retractor, two bursal openings, absence of a sphincter around the vaginal duct and a dorsally shifted ejaculatory duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD88456FF52FA14FCBEF95D" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Further anatomical differences between these four species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FC14FA1BFC55FA7D" box="[897,998,1448,1472]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FC14FA1BFC55FA7D" box="[897,998,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are as follows: (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB2EFA1BFAFCFA7D" box="[1211,1359,1448,1472]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB2EFA1BFAFCFA7D" box="[1211,1359,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. africanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an irregularly shaped penis papilla that points in dorsal direction and a seminal vesicle that has several constrictions; (2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FF2AFA43FE8DF9B5" box="[191,318,1520,1544]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marlieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FF2AFA43FE8DF9B5" box="[191,318,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. marlieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a bursa and has a penis papilla that is thicker on its tip; (3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FBBEFA43FB0FF9B5" box="[1067,1212,1520,1544]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rudebecki">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FBBEFA43FB0FF9B5" box="[1067,1212,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. rudebecki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an extra-bulbar seminal vesicle and a more vertically orientated penis papilla with a central ejaculatory duct; (4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB47F9A7FAEFF991" box="[1234,1372,1556,1580]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="symondsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB47F9A7FAEFF991" box="[1234,1372,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. symondsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a vertically orientated penis papilla with a central ejaculatory duct, while the sperm ducts, which expand to form spermiducal vesicles, extend posteriorly to well behind the anterior third of the seminal vesicle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFD88456FA95F9EFFA23F9C8" author="Pantin" box="[1280,1424,1628,1653]" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" refString="Pantin, C. F. A. (1953) On the name of the ground fluke Fasciola terrestris O. F. Muller, Othelosoma symondsi Gray, and on the genus Amblyplana von Graff. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 42, 207 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1953. tb 02539. x" type="journal article" year="1953">Pantin 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These anatomical characteristics of
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FDBBF933FCE7F925" box="[558,852,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FDBBF933FD74F925" box="[558,711,1664,1688]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="africanum">O. africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FD41F933FCE7F925" box="[724,852,1664,1688]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marlieri">O. marlieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FCF6F933FC46F925" box="[867,1013,1664,1688]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rudebecki">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FCF6F933FC46F925" box="[867,1013,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. rudebecki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FBBAF933FB08F925" box="[1071,1211,1664,1688]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="symondsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FBBAF933FB08F925" box="[1071,1211,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. symondsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stand in contrast to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FF6AF917FEDBF901" box="[255,360,1700,1724]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FF6AF917FEDBF901" box="[255,360,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which shows a small penis papilla with a dorsally shifted ejaculatory duct, presence of an intrabulbar seminal vesicle, and also a copulatory bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E07DC47FFD88451FF52F95EFACEFF43" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,254]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
It is noteworthy that three of the species discussed above (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FCE2F95FFC53F8B9" box="[887,992,1772,1796]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FCE2F95FFC53F8B9" box="[887,992,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FC67F95FFBD0F8B9" box="[1010,1123,1772,1796]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gnaum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FC67F95FFBD0F8B9" box="[1010,1123,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. gnaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB34F95FFA93F8B9" box="[1185,1312,1772,1796]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB34F95FFA93F8B9" box="[1185,1312,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) show the following combination of anatomical features: presence of an antero-dorsal retractor, two distinct bursal openings, absence of a sphincter. This combination applies also to
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FC89F887FB94F8F1" box="[796,1063,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FC89F887FB91F8F1" box="[796,1058,1844,1868]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="polecatum">Othelosoma polecatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FBBAF887FAD7F8F1" authority="Moseley, 1877" authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1877" box="[1071,1380,1844,1869]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fuscum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FBBAF887FB11F8F1" box="[1071,1186,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. fuscum</emphasis>
|
||
(Moseley, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FF02F8EBFEB9F8CD" box="[151,266,1880,1904]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="voleum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FF02F8EBFEB9F8CD" box="[151,266,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. voleum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in contrast to the small bursa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FD60F8EBFCE9F8CD" box="[757,858,1880,1904]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FD60F8EBFCE9F8CD" box="[757,858,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two last-mentioned species show an extremely elongated bursa, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE0AF8CFFD8BF829" box="[415,568,1916,1940]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="polecatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE0AF8CFFD8BF829" box="[415,568,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. polecatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a penis papilla which is as long as the seminal vesicle, contrasting with the much shorter papilla in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE4CF812FDF2F805" box="[473,577,1952,1976]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE4CF812FDF2F805" box="[473,577,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the extremely short papilla in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FC4EF812FBE2F805" box="[987,1105,1952,1976]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="voleum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FC4EF812FBE2F805" box="[987,1105,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. voleum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB43F812FADCF805" box="[1238,1391,1952,1976]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="polecatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB43F812FADCF805" box="[1238,1391,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. polecatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FA14F812FF54F861" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fuscum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FA14F812FF54F861" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. fuscum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FE89F877FE23F861" box="[284,400,1988,2012]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="voleum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FE89F877FE23F861" box="[284,400,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. voleum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a retractor muscle, their extensions are different. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFD88456FB80F877FB35F861" box="[1045,1158,1988,2012]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="27" pageNumber="318" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fuscum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFD88456FB80F877FB35F861" box="[1045,1158,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="318">O. fuscum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the retractor starts at the level of the ovaries and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFDF8451FE77FF2BFDE8FF0D" box="[482,603,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="28" pageNumber="319" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="voleum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDF8451FE77FF2BFDE8FF0D" box="[482,603,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="319">O. voleum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
even behind the ovaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA29A1B6FFDF8451FC03FF24FBF7FF0D" author="Freisling" box="[918,1092,151,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="319" refString="Freisling, J. (1935) Uber die Rhynchodemiden (Turbellaria, Tricladida-Terricola) der Gattung Rhynchodemus Leidy und Artiocotylus Graff und ihre weiblichen Geschlechtsgange. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark, 72, 5 - 22." type="journal article" year="1935">Freisling 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The retractor muscle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFDF8451FA14FF2BFEBFFF6A" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="28" pageNumber="319" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="polecatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDF8451FA14FF2BFEBFFF6A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="319">O. polecatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
starts at the very anterior end, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFDF8451FD2FFF0CFC92FF6A" box="[698,801,191,215]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="28" pageNumber="319" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDF8451FD2FFF0CFC92FF6A" box="[698,801,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="319">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but extends posteriorly to about 1/9th of the total body length of the preserved specimen, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B8A7C4FFDF8451FD03FF55FD4FFF40" box="[662,764,229,253]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Othelosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="28" pageNumber="319" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="simile">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCCC0055FFDF8451FD03FF55FD4FFF40" box="[662,764,229,253]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="319">O. simile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the retractor measures only 1/5th of the total body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |