184 lines
19 KiB
XML
184 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="651B62705ED40490FF474D197B34F224" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245475" ID-ZooBank="BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461250260060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zuparko, Robert L." docDate="2015" docId="03CC87E4FFB7436FFF02C08E8C68FED0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04017p126.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4017 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Trechnites Thomson 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFF5FF9CFF84435BFF95C5638839FF90" masterDocTitle="Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698607410885" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="7A442973CB04312527CABA79F1A8AEFB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FD87EB1EC43B35E0E1C0C2EC100EEC3D">
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<mods:title id="75A115786CA17E993D56FEE58D665C65">Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AF8158C1CF6602D986ED70A5BD259944" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3013EC35B0685A33D5027A14A2B0D50D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D9DF9AA63BE424125A58D350C63BFEC5">Zuparko, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="14FC74CFDD8038BB339034C959F4DB4E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B336488583E68B5A2D2A9CD686A46B7B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D570993FC07E0EFB8612756920740235">
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<mods:date id="E42499E426A9F5D373622EA0C6E7071E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0CD1AC91EFC94B47EFBA1EFBE59BFD36" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B0D032819561EC8FF2A7D3DF0F956A51">4017</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5010AFDB48E1CFFFE427803B7254C989" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C7517869E76FED23043FFE0B20B79641">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EA2B20AC9017C70E8DAAE68739D0E3EB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="20E8C153A14119DA0559F9C9470C4A52" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CC87E4FFB7436FFF02C08E8C68FED0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6117041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123206887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6117041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87E4FFB7436FFF02C08E8C68FED0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87E4FFB7436FFF02C08E8C68FED0" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB74368FF02C08E89EDF9DD" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB74368FF02C08E89ECF997" blockId="51.[151,469,1517,1543]" box="[151,469,1517,1543]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D092819EFFB74368FF02C08E89ECF997" bold="true" box="[151,469,1517,1543]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FF02C08E89ECF997" ID-CoL="7YNQ" ID-ENA="272458" authority="Thomson 1876" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,469,1517,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trechnites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF02C08E89ECF997" bold="true" box="[151,469,1517,1543]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF02C08E892EF997" bold="true" box="[151,279,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Trechnites</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB74368FE88C08E89ECF997" author="Thomson" box="[285,469,1517,1543]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1876) Skandinaviens Hymenoptera. Vol. 4. Berling, Lund, 192 pp." type="book" year="1876">Thomson 1876</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB74368FF02C35789EDF9DD" blockId="51.[151,468,1588,1613]" box="[151,468,1588,1613]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF02C35788D8F9DD" bold="true" box="[151,225,1588,1613]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hosts.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FF7DC357895AF9DD" box="[232,355,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FEF8C35789EDF9DD" box="[365,468,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psyllidae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB74368FF02C31F8AA7F904" box="[151,670,1660,1685]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB74368FF02C31F8AA7F904" blockId="51.[151,1437,1660,2009]" box="[151,670,1660,1685]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFB74368FF02C31F8AA7F904" box="[151,670,1660,1685]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FF02C31F8AA7F904" authority="(Crawford 1910: 89) (Psylledontus)" authorityName="Crawford" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityPageNumber="89" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,670,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF02C31F893EF905" box="[151,263,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">insidiosus</emphasis>
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(
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFB74368FE80C31F89D4F904" author="Crawford" box="[277,493,1660,1685]" page="89" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB74368FE80C31F89D4F904" author="Crawford" box="[277,493,1660,1685]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Crawford, J. C. (1910) Three new genera and species of parasitic Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38, 87 - 90. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.38 - 1730.87" type="journal article" year="1910">Crawford 1910: 89</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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) (
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FD93C31F8AACF905" box="[518,661,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Psylledontus</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB74368FF52C3FC8959F928" box="[199,352,1695,1720]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB74368FF52C3FC8959F928" blockId="51.[151,1437,1660,2009]" box="[199,352,1695,1720]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFB74368FF52C3FC8939F928" box="[199,256,1695,1720]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF52C3FC8939F928" bold="true" box="[199,256,1695,1720]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Type</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFB74368FE9AC3C38959F928" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1696,1720]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">USNM</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB74368FF52C3A78C02F8D7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB74368FF52C3A78974F8B4" blockId="51.[151,1437,1660,2009]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF52C3A78959F94D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1732,1757]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W (Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Inyo, Los Angeles, Marin, Mendocino, Mono, Napa, Orange, Placer, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tulare, Ventura)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB74368FF52C24C8C02F8D7" blockId="51.[151,1437,1660,2009]" box="[199,1083,1839,1864]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF52C24C895AF8D8" bold="true" box="[199,355,1839,1864]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FEFFC24C8A25F8D8" box="[362,540,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" genus="Cacopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyri">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FEFFC24C8A25F8D8" box="[362,540,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cacopsylla pyri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FDBFC2538A91F8D8" box="[554,680,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" genus="Cacopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyricola">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FDBFC2538A04F8D7" box="[554,573,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FDDEC24C8A91F8D8" box="[587,680,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">pyricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FD23C2538B0DF8D8" box="[694,820,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" genus="Cacopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasiljevi">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FD23C2538AF0F8D7" box="[694,713,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FD42C24C8B0DF8D8" box="[727,820,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">vasiljevi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FCD7C24C8BC8F8D8" box="[834,1009,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" genus="Psylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrisuga">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FCD7C24C8BC8F8D8" box="[834,1009,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Psylla pyrisuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FC6AC2528C34F8D8" box="[1023,1037,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
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. sp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFB7436FFF52C2378C68FED0" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFB7436FFF52C2378C68FED0" blockId="51.[151,1437,1660,2009]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF52C2378902F8FD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1876,1901]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FED6C2378A17F8FD" box="[323,558,1876,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trechnites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FED6C2378A17F8FD" box="[323,558,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Trechnites insidiosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described in
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<quantity id="4C9D9B17FFB74368FD6FC2378B69F8FD" box="[762,848,1876,1901]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8514" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="1910.0">1910 in</quantity>
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New York, and at the time its only known host was
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FF02C2148942F800" box="[151,379,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" genus="Cacopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyricola">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF02C2148942F800" box="[151,379,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cacopsylla pyricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, an Old World species first found in the New World in 1832, and on the west coast in 1939 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB74368FF0BC2FF8972F825" author="Clausen" box="[158,331,1948,1973]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Clausen, C. P. (1978 b) Psyllidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 170." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Clausen 1978b</bibRefCitation>
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). The parasitoid was first recorded on the West Coast in 1962. During a biocontrol program against
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FF02C2A28922F849" box="[151,283,1984,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" genus="Cacopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyricola">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF02C2A28893F848" box="[151,170,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FF2BC2A38922F849" box="[190,283,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">pyricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that ran from the 1960s to the 1980s,
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB74368FC94C2A28BCDF849" authority="Ruschka" authorityName="Ruschka" box="[769,1012,1984,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trechnites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psyllae">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FC94C2A28B37F848" box="[769,782,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB74368FCB1C2A38B4AF849" box="[804,883,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">psyllae</emphasis>
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(Ruschka)
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</taxonomicName>
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was imported into California from
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<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFB0436FFF02C5F48924FF20" box="[151,285,151,176]" name="Switzerland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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and southeastern Europe (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFDC1C5F48B10FF20" author="Unruh" box="[596,809,151,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Unruh, T. R., Westigard, P. H. & Hagen, K. S. (1995) Pear Psylla. In: Nechols, J. R., Andres, L. A., Beardsley, J. W., Goeden, R. D. & Jackson, C. G. (Eds.), Biological Control in the western United States - accomplishments and benefits of Regional Research Project W- 84, 1964 - 1989. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication # 3361, pp. 95 - 100." type="journal article" year="1995">
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Unruh
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFD32C5FA8ADDFF20" box="[679,740,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Recently
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFC3BC5F48CE4FF20" author="Guerrieri" box="[942,1245,151,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2009) A review of the European species of the genus Trechnites Thomson (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of plant lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) with descriptions of a new species. Systematic Entomology, 34, 252 - 259. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2009.00473. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Guerrieri & Noyes (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFA12C5FA88DFFF45" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trechnites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psyllae">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFA12C5FA8DADFF20" box="[1415,1428,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF02C5DF88DFFF45" box="[151,230,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">psyllae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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under
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFEA1C5DE8986FF45" box="[308,447,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trechnites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFEA1C5DE8978FF44" box="[308,321,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFEDAC5DF8986FF45" box="[335,447,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">insidiosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(thereby increasing the host records of the latter). However it is not clear if the presence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFF23C582897DFF68" box="[182,324,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Trechnites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF23C58288FAFF68" box="[182,195,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFF41C5BC897DFF68" box="[212,324,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">insidiosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in California reflects the natural endemic range of a Holarctic species, if it is a Palearctic species that was introduced accidentally when
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFB0436FFDDAC4668AF7FE8D" box="[591,718,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" genus="Cacopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyricola">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFDDAC4668A5BFE8C" box="[591,610,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFDE4C4678AF7FE8D" box="[625,718,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">pyricola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
expanded its range (as suggested by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFB0436FFBE1C4678D06FE8D" author="Unruh" box="[1140,1343,260,285]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Unruh, T. R., Westigard, P. H. & Hagen, K. S. (1995) Pear Psylla. In: Nechols, J. R., Andres, L. A., Beardsley, J. W., Goeden, R. D. & Jackson, C. G. (Eds.), Biological Control in the western United States - accomplishments and benefits of Regional Research Project W- 84, 1964 - 1989. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication # 3361, pp. 95 - 100." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
|
Unruh
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFB0436FFB56C4668CC5FE8D" box="[1219,1276,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1995
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), or if it became established in California during the biocontrol program starting in the 1960s.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |