399 lines
41 KiB
XML
399 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="E5B2653DA9D11626332E689189E9502A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245475" ID-ZooBank="BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461250260060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zuparko, Robert L." docDate="2015" docId="03CC87E4FF8B4354FF02C5FB8D2AF864" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04017p126.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4017 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bothriothorax Ratzeburg 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFF5FF9CFF84435BFF95C5638839FF90" masterDocTitle="Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698607410885" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="0D3A801154732BD8ED6F0547BF763B43" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="16F6FA95C0BE2F3F70D6F83E83FCDF83">
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<mods:title id="7D2EA9B0FF0AB9B15E488EE3A768E3F3">Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7F6CF6F551DD3DF88138D0EB447F7964" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79A0F667CCC079BB051C67904EB989C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25072605F1D90E9A456A905EEC0DB874">Zuparko, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="89C89E9C7396314BD607A3B30CFEC332">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BD00B46A00A1986ABD53F208406889B7">
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<mods:title id="05BBCD19FB492837076DAF9B3FF6145A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0E3B0AAF50A9F4E6F89D1CF8CAD63D14">
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<mods:date id="845CFF31890AFF4D043C625D0D6993C3">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="21254228D68B6121FF70A0573F436C83" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CA77758A90B37042C4260E316E900FC0">4017</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B7F45B1C44D18D283F1D89347575ED57" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="FA86D673A1B53A5D94FDD0E50D6A1DDD">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8CD294B6027EF22A831CC6DA8E6F265F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8561D7AC1EE1E63B0999FE3C6650B4E1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="183283F806B6C5B1F3CC4FBB4832C68B" type="GBIF-Dataset">086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4A7E19DDEADC295C93882E455FAEB055" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B051585F704B9288E6D1E3C3D41289FB" type="Zenodo-Dep">245475</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99B8261DF74E8CE77692517BF8BC69E4" type="ZooBank">BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CC87E4FF8B4354FF02C5FB8D2AF864" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6116882" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123206933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6116882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87E4FF8B4354FF02C5FB8D2AF864" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87E4FF8B4354FF02C5FB8D2AF864" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF02C5FB8985FF67" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF02C5FB8A29FF22" blockId="15.[151,528,152,178]" box="[151,528,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D092819EFF8B4354FF02C5FB8A29FF22" bold="true" box="[151,528,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FF02C5FB8A29FF22" ID-CoL="62H99" ID-ENA="1889469" authority="Ratzeburg 1844" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,528,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C5FB8A29FF22" bold="true" box="[151,528,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C5FB897DFF22" bold="true" box="[151,324,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothriothorax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FEDFC5FB8A29FF22" author="Ratzeburg" box="[330,528,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1844) Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsekten in entomologischer und forstlicher Bezeihung. Nicolai, Berlin, 224 pp." type="book" year="1844">Ratzeburg 1844</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF02C5BD8985FF67" blockId="15.[151,444,222,247]" box="[151,444,222,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C5BD88D8FF67" bold="true" box="[151,225,222,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hosts.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FF7DC5BD8978FF67" box="[232,321,222,247]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FEDEC5BD8985FF67" box="[331,444,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF02C4458A3BFEAF" box="[151,514,294,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF02C4458A3BFEAF" blockId="15.[151,1437,294,643]" box="[151,514,294,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFF8B4354FF02C4458A3BFEAF" box="[151,514,294,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FF02C4458A3BFEAF" ID-CoL="FKSD" authority="Howard 1895a: 609" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="609" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,514,294,319]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C4458924FEAF" box="[151,285,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">californicus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FF8B4354FEB1C4458A3BFEAF" author="Howard" box="[292,514,294,319]" page="609" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FEB1C44589F4FEAF" author="Howard" box="[292,461,294,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Howard, L. O. (1895 a) On the bothriothoracine insects of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17, 605 - 613. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1025.605" type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1895a</bibRefCitation>
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: 609
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C4298959FEF3" box="[199,352,330,355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C4298959FEF3" blockId="15.[151,1437,294,643]" box="[199,352,330,355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<typeStatus id="54DE8850FF8B4354FF52C4298939FEF3" box="[199,256,330,355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C4298939FEF3" bold="true" box="[199,256,330,355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FF8B4354FE9AC4288959FEF3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,331,355]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C40D8B94FE63" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C40D8D3EFE5F" blockId="15.[151,1437,294,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C40D8959FE17" bold="true" box="[199,352,366,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C (Alameda, Alpine, Contra Costa, Fresno, Humboldt, Lassen, Marin, Mendocino, Merced, Mono/Tuolumne border, Monterey, Nevada, Riverside, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Sierra, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Yolo,
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FC5CC4D58CC7FE5F" box="[969,1278,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">coastal southern California</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C4B98B94FE63" blockId="15.[151,1437,294,643]" box="[199,941,474,499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C4B9895AFE63" bold="true" box="[199,355,474,499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FEFFC4B98A18FE63" box="[362,545,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eupeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FEFFC4B98A18FE63" box="[362,545,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eupeodes nitens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FDBAC4B88AE7FE63" box="[559,734,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Scaeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrastri">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FDBAC4B88AE7FE63" box="[559,734,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scaeva pyrastri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FD79C4B98B94FE63" box="[748,941,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opinator">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD79C4B98B94FE63" box="[748,941,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syrphus opinator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C49D8DA2FD13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C49D8DA2FD13" blockId="15.[151,1437,294,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C49D8902FD87" bold="true" box="[199,315,510,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Howard described
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FDB2C49C8AEBFD87" box="[551,722,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FDB2C49C8A01FD86" box="[551,568,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FDD9C49D8AEBFD87" box="[588,722,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">californicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from three specimens, noting the “
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<typeStatus id="54DE8850FF8B4354FBEBC49C8C84FD87" box="[1150,1213,511,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
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” were in the
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<collectingCountry id="F3727662FF8B4354FAFFC49C8DA5FD87" box="[1386,1436,511,535]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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National Museum, but I found only two specimens there. The Nearctic
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FC29C7418C62FDAB" box="[956,1115,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FC29C7418C62FDAB" box="[956,1115,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothriothorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are badly in need of revision—the only generic treatment was by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FD0DC7258B6BFDCF" author="Howard" box="[664,850,582,607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Howard, L. O. (1895 a) On the bothriothoracine insects of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17, 605 - 613. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1025.605" type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Howard (1895a)</bibRefCitation>
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and there are discrepancies between the specimens and the descriptions therein. This species may prove to be a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB9EC70F8C51FD13" box="[1035,1128,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faridi">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB9EC70F8C25FD13" box="[1035,1052,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FBBFC7098C51FD13" box="[1066,1128,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">faridi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB08C70F8D6CFD13" box="[1181,1365,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundiformis">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB08C70F8C97FD13" box="[1181,1198,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB29C7098D6CFD13" box="[1212,1365,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">rotundiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FAF0C70F8D4AFD13" box="[1381,1395,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">q</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FAEFC70F8DBCFD13" box="[1402,1413,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">v</emphasis>
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.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF02C7D189A6FD5B" box="[151,415,690,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF02C7D189A6FD5B" blockId="15.[151,1436,690,1003]" box="[151,415,690,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFF8B4354FF02C7D189A6FD5B" box="[151,415,690,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FF02C7D189A6FD5B" ID-CoL="MNJR" authority="Kamal 1926: 283" authorityName="Kamal" authorityPageNumber="283" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,415,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faridi">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C7D188ECFD5B" box="[151,213,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">faridi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FF8B4354FF49C7D189A6FD5B" author="Kamal" box="[220,415,690,715]" page="283" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FF49C7D18953FD5B" author="Kamal" box="[220,362,690,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Kamal, M. (1926) Four new species of parasites from aphidophagous Syrphidae (Hymenoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 58, 283 - 286. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 58283 - 11" type="journal article" year="1926">Kamal 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 283
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C7B58959FD7F" box="[199,352,726,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C7B58959FD7F" blockId="15.[151,1436,690,1003]" box="[199,352,726,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<typeStatus id="54DE8850FF8B4354FF52C7B58939FD7F" box="[199,256,726,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C7B58939FD7F" bold="true" box="[199,256,726,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FF8B4354FE9AC7B48959FD7F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,727,751]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C7998A15FCA6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C7998A2FFC83" blockId="15.[151,1436,690,1003]" box="[199,534,762,787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C7998959FC83" bold="true" box="[199,352,762,787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C (Santa Clara)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C67D8A15FCA6" blockId="15.[151,1436,690,1003]" box="[199,556,798,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C67D895AFCA7" bold="true" box="[199,355,798,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FEFFC67D8A15FCA6" box="[362,556,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opinator">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FEFFC67D8A15FCA6" box="[362,556,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syrphus opinator</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C6218D62FC7A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C6218D62FC7A" blockId="15.[151,1436,690,1003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C6218902FCCB" bold="true" box="[199,315,834,859]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
In the original description, Kamal did not provide a diagnosis for this species. It is very close to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FA11C6278924FCEF" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FA11C6278DACFCCB" box="[1412,1429,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C6058924FCEF" box="[151,285,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">californicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and the only difference I could discern between the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FF8B4354FC0CC6048BEDFCEF" box="[921,980,871,895]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
|
of the two species is a pair of medial longitudinal carina on the propodeum of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FDEEC6EF8AE5FC33" box="[635,732,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faridi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FDEEC6EF8AB5FC33" box="[635,652,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD0BC6E98AE5FC33" box="[670,732,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">faridi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(missing in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FCE1C6EF8C24FC33" box="[884,1053,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FCE1C6EF8BBCFC33" box="[884,901,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FC02C6E98C24FC33" box="[919,1053,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">californicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). However, this is not a reliable defining characteristic, as an examination of a series of specimens from Merced County show it is present in some specimens and absent from others, so I suspect
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FD3FC6B78B3EFC7B" box="[682,775,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faridi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD3FC6B78A82FC7B" box="[682,699,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD5CC6B18B3EFC7B" box="[713,775,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">faridi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
will prove to be a junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB3AC6B78D6DFC7B" box="[1199,1364,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB3AC6B78CF9FC7B" box="[1199,1216,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB5BC6B18D6DFC7B" box="[1230,1364,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">californicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF02C17589E1FBBE" box="[151,472,1045,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF02C17589E1FBBE" blockId="15.[151,1436,1045,1646]" box="[151,472,1045,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFF8B4354FF02C17589E1FBBE" box="[151,472,1045,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FF02C17589E1FBBE" ID-CoL="MNK9" authority="Howard 1895a: 610" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="610" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,472,1045,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C17588CAFBBD" box="[151,243,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">nigripes</emphasis>
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FF8B4354FF6FC17689E1FBBE" author="Howard" box="[250,472,1045,1070]" page="610" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1895">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FF6FC176899AFBBE" author="Howard" box="[250,419,1045,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Howard, L. O. (1895 a) On the bothriothoracine insects of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17, 605 - 613. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1025.605" type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1895a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 610
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C15A8959FBC2" box="[199,352,1081,1106]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C15A8959FBC2" blockId="15.[151,1436,1045,1646]" box="[199,352,1081,1106]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FF8B4354FF52C15A8939FBC2" box="[199,256,1081,1106]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C15A8939FBC2" bold="true" box="[199,256,1081,1106]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</emphasis>
|
|
</typeStatus>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FF8B4354FE9AC1598959FBC2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1082,1106]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM</collectionCode>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C13E8AD9FB72" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C13E88D1FB2E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1045,1646]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C13E8959FBE6" bold="true" box="[199,352,1117,1142]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
N (Colusa, Contra Costa, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Los Angeles, Marin, Mono, Monterey, Orange, Placer, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB4BC1E288D8FB2E" authority="Trinity, Tulare" authorityName="Trinity, Tulare" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Barbara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Barbara, Trinity, Tulare</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C1AA8AD9FB72" blockId="15.[151,1436,1045,1646]" box="[199,736,1225,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C1AA895AFB72" bold="true" box="[199,355,1225,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FEFFC1AA8A60FB72" box="[362,601,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eupeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapponicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FEFFC1AA8A60FB72" box="[362,601,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eupeodes lapponicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FDF2C1A98AD9FB72" box="[615,736,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eupeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volucris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FDF2C1A98A41FB71" box="[615,632,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD13C1AA8AD9FB72" box="[646,736,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">volucris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C18E8CD7F9FE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C18E8CD7F9FE" blockId="15.[151,1436,1045,1646]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C18E8902FA96" bold="true" box="[199,315,1261,1286]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
In the original description, Howard erroneously reported the first funicle segment was as long as the pedicel. There is a series of specimens of this species from Los Angeles County that were apparently reared from the pupa of a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FED6C0568A5EFADE" authority="(Lepidoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Lepidoptera" box="[323,615,1333,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
|
(EMEC). Interestingly, this is not the first record of a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB68C0568DA5FADE" box="[1277,1436,1333,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB68C0568DA5FADE" box="[1277,1436,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothriothorax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
associated with Lepidoptera—
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FE7AC0398B7FFAE2" authority="Ratzeburg 1844" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1844" box="[495,838,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altensteinii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FE7AC0398A39FAE1" box="[495,512,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD9AC03A8AB2FAE2" box="[527,651,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">altensteinii</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FD01C03A8B7FFAE2" author="Ratzeburg" box="[660,838,1369,1394]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1844) Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsekten in entomologischer und forstlicher Bezeihung. Nicolai, Berlin, 224 pp." type="book" year="1844">Ratzeburg 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been reported as a hyperparasitoid of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FABDC039895CFA06" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FABDC03988E6FA06" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FEEFC01E8A31FA06" box="[378,520,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FD8DC01E8A96FA06" box="[536,687,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lymantriidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) via
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FD66C01D8C76FA06" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[755,1103,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exorista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larvarum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD66C01D8BFEFA06" box="[755,967,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Exorista larvarum</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FBC3C01E8C96FA06" box="[1110,1199,1405,1430]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB55C01E8D05FA06" box="[1216,1340,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FACCC01E88EAFA2A" author="Erdos" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Erdos, J. (1957) Enumeratio systematica Encyrtidarum (Hym.) Hungariae regionumque finitimarum cum datis earum ethologicis. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 10, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1957">Erdös 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FEB1C0C18AB9FA2A" authority="Dalman 1820" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[292,640,1441,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FEB1C0C1890CFA29" box="[292,309,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FEDFC0C289F9FA2A" box="[330,448,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">paradoxus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FE43C0C28A41FA2A" author="Dalman" box="[470,632,1441,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Dalman, J. W. (1820) Forsok till Uppstallning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini, I synnerhet med afseen de pa de I Sverige funne Arter (Fortsattning). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 41, 123 - 174, 177 - 182, 340 - 385." type="journal article" year="1820">Dalman 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been reported from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FC20C0C18C19FA2A" box="[949,1056,1441,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FC20C0C18BFDFA29" box="[949,964,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FC4FC0C28C19FA2A" box="[986,1056,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">dispar</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as well as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB2AC0C289FEFA4E" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Phalera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB2AC0C28DA2FA2A" box="[1215,1435,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phalera bucephala</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus) (Notodontidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and as a hyperparasitoid of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FC85C0A68D54FA4E" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[784,1389,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Gastropacha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercifolia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FC85C0A68C1DFA4E" box="[784,1060,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gastropacha quercifolia</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus) (Lasiocampidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, via the tachinids
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FEBBC08A8A92F992" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[302,683,1513,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FEBBC08A8A01F991" box="[302,568,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Compsilura concinnata</emphasis>
|
|
(Meigen)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FD22C0898B06F992" box="[695,831,1513,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exorista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larvarum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD22C0898AF1F991" box="[695,712,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD42C08A8B06F992" box="[727,831,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">larvarum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FCEDC08988E2F9B6" authority="(Robineau-Desvoidy) (Gyorfi 1942)" authorityName="(Robineau-Desvoidy) (Gyorfi" authorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Sturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FCEDC0898C7CF992" box="[888,1093,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sturmia scutellata</emphasis>
|
|
(Robineau-Desvoidy) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FAC5C08A88EAF9B6" author="Gyorfi" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Gyorfi, J. (1942) Furkeszdarazs kutatasaim eredmenye, kulonos tekintettel a mellekgazda kerdesre. Die Ergebnisse meiner Schlupfwespenforschungen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Zwischenwirtfrage. Erdeszeti Kiserlatek, 44, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1942">Gyorfi 1942</bibRefCitation>
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)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FEF5C36D89C7F9B6" author="Noyes" box="[352,510,1550,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2001) Interactive catalogue of world Chalcidoidea, Taxapad CD. Vancouver, Canada." type="book" year="2001">Noyes (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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|
considers the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FD39C36D8B7BF9B6" box="[684,834,1549,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Phalera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD39C36D8A83F9B5" box="[684,698,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FD58C36E8B7BF9B6" box="[717,834,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">bucephala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
record erroneous based on the discontinuity in the generic host range (predatory syrphids vs. parasitic tachinids), a similar dichotomy is present in the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FF02C336890EF9FE" box="[151,311,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Syrphophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C336890EF9FE" box="[151,311,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syrphophagus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, which are known as primary parasitoids of syrphids and hyperparasitoids of aphids.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF02C3F48A2CF920" box="[151,533,1687,1712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF02C3F48A2CF920" blockId="15.[151,1436,1687,1893]" box="[151,533,1687,1712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFF8B4354FF02C3F48A2CF920" box="[151,533,1687,1712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FF02C3F48A2CF920" ID-CoL="MNKJ" authority="Howard 1895a: 610" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="610" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,533,1687,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Bothriothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF02C3F48909F920" box="[151,304,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">rotundiformis</emphasis>
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FF8B4354FEA2C3F48A2CF920" author="Howard" box="[311,533,1687,1712]" page="610" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1895">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FF8B4354FEA2C3F489D9F920" author="Howard" box="[311,480,1687,1712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Howard, L. O. (1895 a) On the bothriothoracine insects of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17, 605 - 613. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1025.605" type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1895a</bibRefCitation>
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|
: 610
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C3DF8959F944" box="[199,352,1724,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C3DF8959F944" blockId="15.[151,1436,1687,1893]" box="[199,352,1724,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FF8B4354FF52C3DF8939F945" box="[199,256,1724,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C3DF8939F945" bold="true" box="[199,256,1724,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</emphasis>
|
|
</typeStatus>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FF8B4354FE9AC3DF8959F944" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1724,1748]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM</collectionCode>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C3BC89E1F88D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C3BC89E2F968" blockId="15.[151,1436,1687,1893]" box="[199,475,1759,1784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C3BC8959F968" bold="true" box="[199,352,1759,1784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
N (Placer)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C26789E1F88D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1687,1893]" box="[199,472,1796,1821]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C267895AF88D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1796,1821]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
|
Unknown
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FF8B4354FF52C2448D2AF864" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C2448D39F8F5" blockId="15.[151,1436,1687,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C2448902F8D0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1831,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
This species is known from only the single
|
|
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FF8B4354FCBAC24B8B66F8D0" box="[815,863,1832,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
|
specimen, which is very close to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FF8B4354FB4BC24A8DBDF8D0" box="[1246,1412,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB4BC24A8CD6F8D0" box="[1246,1263,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FB6BC2448DBDF8D0" box="[1278,1412,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">californicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. I am treating it as a good species, but further research may prove these two species to be synonymous.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF02C2F688FCF83C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1941,2037]" box="[151,197,1941,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">spp.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FF8B4354FF52C2DB8D2AF864" blockId="15.[151,1436,1941,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FF8B4354FF52C2DB8902F841" bold="true" box="[199,315,1976,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
Specimens that appear to represent three additional species were collected in Alameda, Marin, Nevada, San Mateo and Santa Clara, Santa Cruz and Sonoma counties (CAS, EMEC, LACM, RLZC).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |