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<document id="9F6A8DA1352DA94BCACDD6E3976D8BFB" ID-CLB-Dataset="50818" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171528" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b176073c-03d5-49d1-810e-e3d0e59bcbc8" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171528" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459754134601" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smales, Lesley R." docDate="2006" docId="03CC87D63B43FFBDFEF6FBEE0EA0293E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01110p037.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1110" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tikusnema intersedis Smales, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFF5FFAE3B47FFB5FFFEFF9E0F092B18" masterDocTitle="A new acuariid species (Spirurida, Acuariidae) and other nematodes from Hydromys (Muridae, Hydromyinae) from Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698216954895" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="197559134D477FF459643F6AFD43B5B2">A new acuariid species (Spirurida, Acuariidae) and other nematodes from Hydromys (Muridae, Hydromyinae) from Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="819A39885FA738DA0D8A24A8933A5A30" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="25C22CBA98127F8D2289B8AEDD90CC84">Smales, Lesley R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="32F3A76523D1FF6AA3CCF096493655D0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3870E890C94CE4C4F912C4F5141D1F78">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63EC0662CD817B47525BCF602AA70268">1110</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C7DC53A7AC777527839C0D79F77F2520">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B403D0642F5720FCBAD90E67CE9CB4DE" type="CLB-Dataset">50818</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="84596A19F3AAD524FDCF88CE11871584" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171528</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BC7974E673D9E31B0FD4045B3972A66" type="Zenodo-Dep">171528</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CC87D63B43FFBDFEF6FBEE0EA0293E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6258177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119338510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6258177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87D63B43FFBDFEF6FBEE0EA0293E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87D63B43FFBDFEF6FBEE0EA0293E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="C37F654B3B43FFB1FEF6FBEE0C0F2F92" box="[264,774,1136,1162]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEF6FBEE0C0F2F92" blockId="4.[264,774,1136,1162]" box="[264,774,1136,1162]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D09281AC3B43FFB1FEF6FBEE0C0F2F92" bold="true" box="[264,774,1136,1162]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B43FFB1FEF6FBEE0C0F2F92" bold="true" box="[264,774,1136,1162]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B43FFB1FEF6FBEE0D002F92" box="[264,521,1136,1162]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B43FFB1FEF6FBEE0D002F92" bold="true" box="[264,521,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Tikusnema intersedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257A93B43FFB1FDEEFBEE0D672F92" box="[528,622,1136,1162]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A453B43FFB1FD83FBEE0DF42F92" box="[637,765,1136,1162]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[334,1250,342,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[326,1261,329,1688]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Tikusnema intersedis sp. nov. 1. Anterior end, lateral view. 2. Cephalic region, dorsal view. 3. Cephalic region, lateral view. 4. Posterior end male, ventral view. 5. Cephalic end, en face view. 6. Left spicule tip. 7. Posterior end female, lateral view. 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171529/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figs. 1–12</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F654B3B43FFB0FEF6FB240B982C7C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEF6FB240C532FCC" blockId="4.[264,1323,1210,1720]" box="[264,858,1210,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<typeStatus id="54DE88623B43FFB1FEF6FB240E4B2FCC" box="[264,322,1210,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
host:
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B43FFB1FE74FB250C532FCC" authority="Geoffroy, 1804" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1804" box="[394,858,1210,1236]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Hydromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysogaster">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B43FFB1FE74FB250DA92FCC" box="[394,672,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Hydromys chrysogaster</emphasis>
Geoffroy, 1804
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEC6FB7C0DD92E30" blockId="4.[264,1323,1210,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<typeStatus id="54DE88623B43FFB1FEC6FB7C0E7B2FE4" box="[312,370,1250,1276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Bunala River, Imalele Valley, Ferguson Island, Milne Bay Province (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5150073B43FFB1FEEFFA900E6A2E30" box="[273,355,1290,1320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="-9.5">9o30’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5150073B43FFB1FE91FA900ED72E30" box="[367,478,1290,1320]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="150.55">150o33’E</geoCoordinate>
)
<collectingCountry id="F37276503B43FFB1FE10FA900DD92E30" box="[494,720,1294,1320]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEC6FAA80D272E48" blockId="4.[264,1323,1210,1720]" box="[312,558,1334,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Site in host: stomach</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEC6FAC00B532E60" blockId="4.[264,1323,1210,1720]" box="[312,1114,1374,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Date of collection: between
<date id="FFDB10003B43FFB1FD7CFAC00C512E60" box="[642,856,1374,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="1992-09-09">9 September 1992</date>
and
<date id="FFDB10003B43FFB1FC6EFAC00B5C2E60" box="[912,1109,1374,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="1993-02-03">3 February 1993</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEC6FA180DF92ED0" blockId="4.[264,1323,1210,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<typeStatus id="54DE88623B43FFB1FEC6FA180E7B2EB8" box="[312,370,1414,1440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<typeStatus id="54DE88623B43FFB1FDECFA180D762EB8" box="[530,639,1414,1440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male
<collectionCode id="ED74AE053B43FFB1FD23FA180C142EB8" box="[733,797,1414,1440]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">SAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED74AE053B43FFB1FCD1FA180C672EB8" box="[815,878,1414,1440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">AHC</collectionCode>
32352, allotype female
<collectionCode id="ED74AE053B43FFB1FB5DFA180BE82EB8" box="[1187,1249,1414,1440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">AHC</collectionCode>
32352
<typeStatus id="54DE88623B43FFB1FEF6FA300E712ED0" box="[264,376,1454,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED74AE053B43FFB1FE81FA300EB62ED0" box="[383,447,1454,1480]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">SAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED74AE053B43FFB1FE38FA300D0F2ED0" box="[454,518,1454,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">AHC</collectionCode>
32354; AMM28576
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEC6FA480DD72D00" blockId="4.[264,1323,1210,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Etymology: The species name refers to its geographic location (New
<collectingCountry id="F37276503B43FFB1FB78FA480BD42EE8" box="[1158,1245,1494,1520]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Guinea</collectingCountry>
) lying between Java (
<collectingCountry id="F37276503B43FFB1FE4AFA600D232D00" box="[436,554,1534,1560]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F37276503B43FFB1FD95FA600DD22D00" box="[619,731,1534,1560]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B43FFB1FEC6F9B80B622DA0" blockId="4.[264,1323,1210,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Description: Long slender worms with tapered extremities, cuticle thin, with fine annulations. Lateral alae absent. Cephalic cuticular leaves each divided into 4–7 teeth, lateral tooth largest. Cordons and dorsal and ventral rim of pseudolabia faintly striated. Muscular pharynx narrower and shorter than glandular region of pharynx.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A66483B42FFB0FEF6F9000B0D2DE4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[334,1250,342,1644]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B42FFB0FEF6F9000B0D2DE4" blockId="5.[264,1324,1693,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B42FFB0FEF6F9000ECC2DAE" bold="true" box="[264,453,1693,1719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">FIGURES 1–12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B42FFB0FE30F9010DB82DAE" box="[462,689,1695,1718]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B42FFB0FE30F9010DB82DAE" box="[462,689,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Tikusnema intersedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257A93B42FFB0FD44F9010C062DAE" box="[698,783,1695,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
1. Anterior end, lateral view. 2. Cephalic region, dorsal view. 3. Cephalic region, lateral view. 4. Posterior end male, ventral view. 5. Cephalic end, en face view. 6. Left spicule tip. 7. Posterior end female, lateral view. 8.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B42FFB0FEF6F8960B982C7C" blockId="5.[264,1324,1693,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
Cephalic end, en face view, optical section through pharynx showing cuticular leaves. 9. Tail tip male. 10. Tail tip female. 11. Vulva, vagina and uteri dissected from body cavity. 12. Right spicule. Scale bars: 1 &amp; 4 =
<quantity id="4C9D9B253B42FFB0FE22F8D30D252C7C" box="[476,556,1869,1892]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
; 2, 3, &amp; 10 =
<quantity id="4C9D9B253B42FFB0FD40F8D30C092C7C" box="[702,768,1869,1892]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
; 5, 6, 8, 9, &amp; 12 =
<quantity id="4C9D9B253B42FFB0FC36F8D30B032C7C" box="[968,1034,1869,1892]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
; 7 =
<specimenCount id="9D63FD493B42FFB0FBC0F8D30B982C7C" box="[1086,1169,1869,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C9D9B253B42FFB0FBC0F8D30B852C7C" box="[1086,1164,1869,1892]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F654B3B40FFB2FEC6FE820E792FC2" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B40FFB2FEC6FE820D2429CA" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1162]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FEC6FE820E772A2D" box="[312,382,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Male:</emphasis>
Length 32 (28–40) mm, width at mid body 375 (255–400). Cephalic end 158 (135–188) long, 195 (160–248) wide. Buccal capsule 245 (208–265) long. Muscular pharynx 450 (335–525), glandular oesophagus 3640 (2950–4760). Deirids anterior to nerve ring 240 (210–280), nerve ring 375 (315–435), excretory pore 525 (470–635) from anterior end. Posterior end curved ventrally in 1–2 loose coils. Caudal papillae arranged in 12 pairs, 4 pairs preanal 8 pairs postanal; preanal pairs large pedunculate 1st and 2nd pairs grouped together, 1st and 3rd lateral to 2nd and 4th; 5th–9th postanal pairs large pedunculate; 10th–12th pairs sessile clustered at tail tip. Longitudinal cuticular ridges present anterior to cloaca. Spicules dissimilar; right spicule shorter, robust 305 (215–370); left spicule with bifid tip enclosed in cup shaped membrane, 950 (870–1040) long, about 1/34 body length. Tail 585 (435–765) long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B40FFB2FEC6FD7E0C9D2F0A" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1162]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FEC6FD7E0E9329E1" box="[312,410,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Female:</emphasis>
Length 41.5 (28–50) mm, width at midbody 460 (355–510). Cephalic end 165 (120–195) long, 220 (155–266) wide. Buccal capule 240 (198–275) long. Muscular pharynx 510 (422–603) long; glandular oesophagus 4495 (3705–5440) long. Deirids 240 (125–305), nerve ring 385 (300–410), excretory pore 555 (390–700) from anterior end. Ovejector amphidelphic, vagina vera directed transversely (1 measurement) 200 long, vagina uterina parallel to body wall (1 measurement) 250 long. Vulva circular, without lips, 15 (13.5–17) mm from anterior end. Tail conical, with terminal knob, 480 (340–570) long. Eggs thick shelled 43 (40–46) by 27.5 (26.5–30).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B40FFB2FEC6FBBE0B682F92" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1162]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FEC6FBBE0E772F21" box="[312,382,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Larva</emphasis>
: (measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D63FD493B40FFB2FD92FBBE0DF12F22" box="[620,760,1056,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
). Length
<quantity id="4C9D9B253B40FFB2FC94FBBE0CA02F22" box="[874,937,1056,1082]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="8.0">8mm</quantity>
, width at midbody 535. Buccal capsule 150 long. Oesophagus 1750 long; nerve ring 220, excretory pore 400 from anterior end. Cephalic leaves and cordons not developed. Tail 185 long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B40FFB2FEF6FB5E0E792FC2" blockId="7.[264,1323,1216,1882]" box="[264,368,1216,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Remarks</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F654B3B40FFBDFEC6FB760EA0293E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B40FFBDFEC6FB760E6A2AB6" blockId="7.[264,1323,1216,1882]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FEC6FB760D3B2E19" box="[312,562,1256,1281]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FEC6FB760D3B2E19" box="[312,562,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Tikusnema intersedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257A93B40FFB2FDC3FB760D952E1A" box="[573,668,1256,1282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is one of 3 species in the genus, each occurring in a murid rodent with a semi­aquatic life style.
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FCDCFA8E0EC12E4A" authority="Hasegawa, Shiraishi &amp; Rochman, 1992" authorityName="Hasegawa, Shiraishi &amp; Rochman" authorityYear="1992" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javaense">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FCDCFA8E0B192E31" box="[802,1040,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Tikusnema javaense</emphasis>
Hasegawa,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B313B40FFB2FB5CFA8E0EC12E4A" author="Shiraishi" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Hasegawa, H., Shiraishi, S. &amp; Rochman (1992) Tikusnema javaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) and other nematodes from Rattus argentiventer collected in west Java, Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology, 78, 800 - 804." type="journal article" year="1992">Shiraishi &amp; Rochman, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FDADFAA60B952E4A" ID-CoL="4RM3V" authority="Robinson &amp; Kloss, 1916" authorityName="Robinson &amp; Kloss" authorityYear="1916" box="[595,1180,1336,1362]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentiventer">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FDADFAA60C412E49" box="[595,840,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Rattus argentiventer</emphasis>
(Robinson &amp; Kloss, 1916)
</taxonomicName>
from Java,
<collectingCountry id="F37276503B40FFB2FEF6FAFE0E732E62" box="[264,378,1376,1402]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FE4AFAFE0C412E62" authority="Smales, 1995" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="1995" box="[436,840,1376,1402]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vandycki">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FE4AFAFE0DA82E61" box="[436,673,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Tikusnema vandycki</emphasis>
Smales,
<quantity id="4C9D9B253B40FFB2FCF3FAFE0C412E62" box="[781,840,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0673" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="1995.0">1995</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FC93FAFE0BE22E62" ID-CoL="5CD4P" authority="Thomas, 1889" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1889" box="[877,1259,1376,1402]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Xeromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myoides">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FC93FAFE0B332E61" box="[877,1082,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Xeromys myoides</emphasis>
Thomas, 1889
</taxonomicName>
from Queensland,
<collectingCountry id="F37276503B40FFB2FE57FA160D102EBA" box="[425,537,1416,1442]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Australia</collectingCountry>
. All 3 species have the cephalic end characterized by large triangular pseudolabia, at the posterior end of which are cuticular leaves divided into teeth, separated dorsally and ventrally by cordons that do not extend posteriorly.
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FB53FA460E732D01" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FB53FA460E732D01" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Tikusnema intersedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from its congenors in being an overall larger worm and having up to 7 teeth on the cuticular leaves of the pseudolabia, as compared with 3 teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FB67F9B60A222D59" box="[1177,1323,1576,1601]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javaenese">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FB67F9B60A222D59" box="[1177,1323,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. javaenese</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 4–5 teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FE27F9CE0D682D71" box="[473,609,1616,1641]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vandycki">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FE27F9CE0D682D71" box="[473,609,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. vandycki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FD80F9CE0C882D71" box="[638,897,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
Tikiusnema
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FCF1F9CE0C882D71" box="[783,897,1616,1641]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis">intersedis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has a longer left spicule, a shorter female tail, and a shorter buccal capsule, than the other 2 species. It can be further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FE12F93E0D782DA1" box="[492,625,1696,1721]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vandycki">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FE12F93E0D782DA1" box="[492,625,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. vandycki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the deirids anterior to the nerve ring, The eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FEF6F9560E902DF9" box="[264,409,1736,1761]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FEF6F9560E902DF9" box="[264,409,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. intersedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FD27F9560C682DF9" box="[729,865,1736,1761]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vandycki">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FD27F9560C682DF9" box="[729,865,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. vandycki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FC8DF9560B652DF9" box="[883,1132,1736,1761]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FC8DF9560B652DF9" box="[883,1132,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Tikusnema intersedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 12 pairs of caudal papillae including 3 pairs on the tail tip,
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FCC1F96E0CCD2C11" box="[831,964,1776,1801]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javaense">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FCC1F96E0CCD2C11" box="[831,964,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. javaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B40FFB2FC00F96E0B8D2C11" box="[1022,1156,1776,1801]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vandycki">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FC00F96E0B8D2C11" box="[1022,1156,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. vandycki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 10 pairs with 1 pair on the tail tip. The detailed morphology of the left spicule tip differs in each of the 3 species (
<figureCitation id="135E2A453B40FFB2FE4BF8DE0EF62C42" box="[437,511,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[334,1250,342,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[326,1261,329,1688]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Tikusnema intersedis sp. nov. 1. Anterior end, lateral view. 2. Cephalic region, dorsal view. 3. Cephalic region, lateral view. 4. Posterior end male, ventral view. 5. Cephalic end, en face view. 6. Left spicule tip. 7. Posterior end female, lateral view. 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, this study;
<figureCitation id="135E2A453B40FFB2FD6AF8DE0DD52C42" box="[660,732,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[334,1250,342,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[326,1261,329,1688]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Tikusnema intersedis sp. nov. 1. Anterior end, lateral view. 2. Cephalic region, dorsal view. 3. Cephalic region, lateral view. 4. Posterior end male, ventral view. 5. Cephalic end, en face view. 6. Left spicule tip. 7. Posterior end female, lateral view. 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
Fig.
<specimenCount id="9D63FD493B40FFB2FD33F8DE0DD52C42" box="[717,732,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="generic">7</specimenCount>
</figureCitation>
p.177
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B313B40FFB2FCCFF8DE0B152C42" author="Gibbons" box="[817,1052,1856,1882]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Gibbons, L. M., Crawshaw, M. T. &amp; Rumpus, A. E. (1992) Molinacuaria indonesiensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Acuarioidea) from Rattus argentiventer in Indonesia. Systematic Parasitology, 23, 175 - 182." type="journal article" year="1992">
Gibbons
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B40FFB2FC60F8DE0CDA2C41" box="[926,979,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
; Fig. 14, p.92, Smales 1995). There are prominent paired cuticular ornamentations on the region of the glandular oesophagus of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B4FFFBDFE41FEDA0D4E2A45" box="[447,583,324,349]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javaense">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B4FFFBDFE41FEDA0D4E2A45" box="[447,583,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">T. javaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and tiny, difficult to find ornamentations on
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B4FFFBDFB8FFEDA0BF32A45" box="[1137,1274,324,349]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vandycki">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B4FFFBDFB8FFEDA0BF32A45" box="[1137,1274,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">T. vandycki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but none were found on
<taxonomicName id="4C654D433B4FFFBDFE09FEF20D8C2A9D" box="[503,645,364,389]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Tikusnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="intersedis">
<emphasis id="B911EAD23B4FFFBDFE09FEF20D8C2A9D" box="[503,645,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">T. intersedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Comparative measurements of the 3 species are given in Table 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36C03B4FFFBDFEC6FE220EA0293E" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">The single juvenile studied had not yet developed the characteristic cephalic features of the cordons although the structures of oesophagus and buccal capsule were consistent for the genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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