177 lines
20 KiB
XML
177 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="4A6E49BDFBB312278833DA59A949283E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5169237" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5169237" ID-ZooBank="72D7076B-FB3E-442B-BD55-43342373ACE2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628275107358" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Janicki, Julia & Young, Daniel K." docDate="2017" docId="03CC87A2FF95FF8B2FA6EF6CA3B6FCC5" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0579.1-36.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2017 (579)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trigonorhinus alternatus Tibiae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFF5FFDAFF86FF9F2F66EA2DA048FF9F" masterDocTitle="Nemonychidae and Anthribidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1699039053240" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="3CB30AD6913DC078869A629CE4A85867">Nemonychidae and Anthribidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C90C8AD1EDF338D23B2DE9E9CDC061C4">Janicki, Julia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB8594E675CA14FDE5FF536C8464CD1D">Young, Daniel K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5D9BEDCEE32A4F823F02987777CA5074">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5C2CD3B9D43F5938709B9C8ED0FE5AD0">
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<mods:date id="0026F318768027DCA141EF95972ABF6A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="20EE4211CE0281486D4EAEA582376CCE">2017-10-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EDF82AE106902337D17BEFCE4CC972FA">2017</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5C8316AD85E84FB769DD2464DAEFA45B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="41D136C51A5A551F6846A2B7673848DC">579</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BA7570395CFBCD3144FC4555E07DDB2A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5169237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F9E512AB044CFD27FBB177F8F0D68E02" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CC87A2FF95FF8B2FA6EF6CA3B6FCC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5186033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5186033" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87A2FF95FF8B2FA6EF6CA3B6FCC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87A2FF95FF8B2FA6EF6CA3B6FCC5" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF95FF8C2FA6EF6CA11BFAE6" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF95FF8C2FA6EF6CA227FAC6" blockId="19.[192,935,1345,1530]" box="[192,623,1345,1370]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D09281D8FF95FF8C2FA6EF6CA227FAC6" bold="true" box="[192,623,1345,1370]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF95FF8C2FA6EF6CA227FAC6" ID-CoL="8J87J" authority="(Say)" authorityName="Tibiae" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[192,623,1345,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Trigonorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF95FF8C2FA6EF6CA227FAC6" bold="true" box="[192,623,1345,1370]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF95FF8C2FA6EF6CA269FAC5" bold="true" box="[192,545,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Trigonorhinus alternatus</emphasis>
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(Say)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF95FF8C2FA6EF4FA11BFAE6" blockId="19.[192,935,1345,1530]" box="[192,339,1377,1402]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">(Fig. 25–26)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF95FF8C2FA6EFAFA366FA65" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF95FF8C2FA6EFAFA235FA06" blockId="19.[192,935,1345,1530]" box="[192,637,1409,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75119AFF95FF8C2FA6EFAFA235FA06" box="[192,637,1409,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410A5FF95FF8C2FA6EFAFA231FA06" author="Say, T." box="[192,633,1409,1434]" page="250" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" year="1826">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF95FF8C2FA6EFAFA231FA06" ID-CoL="8HVBY" authority="Say 1826: 250" authorityName="Say" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1826" box="[192,633,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Anthribus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF95FF8C2FA6EFAFA18AFA05" box="[192,450,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Anthribus alternatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF95FF8C2EACEFAFA231FA06" author="Say, T." box="[458,633,1409,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="237 - 284" refId="ref20088" refString="Say, T. 1826. Descriptions of new species of coleopterous insects inhabiting the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5: 237 - 284." type="journal article" year="1826">Say 1826: 250</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF95FF8C2FA6EF8FA3EFFA25" blockId="19.[192,935,1345,1530]" box="[192,935,1442,1466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75119AFF95FF8C2FA6EF8FA3EFFA25" box="[192,935,1442,1466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF95FF8C2FA6EF8FA27CFA25" ID-CoL="N2R2" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" box="[192,564,1442,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Brachytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF95FF8C2FA6EF8FA1A2FA25" box="[192,490,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Brachytarsus alternatus</emphasis>
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(Say)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410A5FF95FF8C2D26EF8FA3EBFA25" author="Blatchley, W. S. & C. W. Leng" box="[576,931,1442,1466]" page="38" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF95FF8C2D26EF8FA3EBFA25" author="Blatchley, W. S. & C. W. Leng" box="[576,931,1442,1466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" refId="ref18150" refString="Blatchley, W. S., and C. W. Leng. 1916. Rhynchophora or weevils of northeastern America. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. 682 p." type="book" year="1916">Blatchley and Leng 1916: 38</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF95FF8C2FA6EFEFA36DFA45" blockId="19.[192,935,1345,1530]" box="[192,805,1474,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75119AFF95FF8C2FA6EFEFA36DFA45" box="[192,805,1474,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF95FF8C2FA6EFEFA21EFA45" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" box="[192,598,1474,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Brachytarsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF95FF8C2FA6EFEFA244FA45" box="[192,524,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Brachytarsoides alternatus</emphasis>
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(Say)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410A5FF95FF8C2D04EFEFA369FA45" author="Pierce, W. D." box="[610,801,1474,1498]" page="30" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF95FF8C2D04EFEFA369FA45" author="Pierce, W. D." box="[610,801,1474,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref20055" refString="Pierce, W. D. 1930. Studies of the North American weevils belonging to the superfamily Platystomoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 77: 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1930">Pierce 1930: 30</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF95FF8C2FA6EFCFA366FA65" blockId="19.[192,935,1345,1530]" box="[192,814,1505,1530]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75119AFF95FF8C2FA6EFCFA366FA65" box="[192,814,1505,1530]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF95FF8C2FA6EFCFA209FA65" ID-CoL="8J87J" authority="(Say)" authorityName="Tibiae" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[192,577,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Trigonorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF95FF8C2FA6EFCFA1BFFA65" box="[192,503,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Trigonorhinus alternatus</emphasis>
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(Say)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC410A5FF95FF8C2D2BEFCFA361FA65" author="Valentine, B. H." box="[589,809,1505,1530]" page="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF95FF8C2D2BEFCFA361FA65" author="Valentine, B. H." box="[589,809,1505,1530]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref20462" refString="Valentine, B. H. 1957. Anthribid weevils from Yucatan collected on the Explorers Club American Museum of Natural History Expedition, with notes on others of the Brachytarsus complex (Coleoptera, Anthribidae). American Museum Novitates (1848): 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1957">Valentine 1957: 9</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF95FF8B2FA6EC0CA44EFE85" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF95FF8B2FA6EC0CA44EFE85" blockId="19.[192,1441,1569,1914]" lastBlockId="20.[192,1440,194,282]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF95FF8C2FA6EC0CA123F9A6" bold="true" box="[192,363,1569,1593]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Description.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4C9D9B51FF95FF8C2EB5EC0FA214F9A5" box="[467,604,1570,1594]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1–3.3mm</quantity>
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(head excluded). Body elongate. Integument dark reddish-brown to black. Vestiture consisting of white and brown setae; pronotal setae white and brown intermixed with white, forming at least three longitudinal stripes; elytral setae silvery with numerous brown spots, with larger medial and basal spots; interstriae 3, 5 and 7 with numerous white setae, 1, 2, 4 and 6 with light brown and dark brown setae scattered in numerous small spots; tibial setal patterns annulate or spotted, with two dark and three pale areas; abdominal sternites each with one lateral spot of brown setae. Rostrum flattened, not transversely impressed, narrowed apically, medial 1/3 prolonged apically; surface densely punctate. Frons flattened, not transversely impressed; surface densely punctate, the rims of the punctures elevated. Pronotal width 1.2X length, widest at basal angles; weakly arcuate laterally, converging to narrowly rounded apical margin; disc evenly convex, weakly impressed before transverse carina; transverse carina basal, weakly emarginate, acutely elevated; surface densely punctate, the rims of the punctures not elevated, interpunctural space smooth, nitid. Elytral length 1.4X width, weakly arcuate laterally, broadly rounded apically; disc evenly convex; striae moderately impressed in even rows; interstriae flat, densely and finely punctate, 4.0X strial width.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F653FFF92FF8B2FA6EB6CA3B6FCC5" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF92FF8B2FA6EB6CA11CFE66" blockId="20.[192,1440,321,506]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2FA6EB6CA118FEC6" bold="true" box="[192,336,321,345]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF92FF8B2E30EB6FA2C5FEC5" authorityName="Tibiae" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[342,653,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Trigonorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2E30EB6FA2C5FEC5" box="[342,653,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Trigonorhinus alternatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by the tibiae that are biannulate or with dark spots, smooth interpunctural space on the elytra, and by the color pattern.
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF92FF8B2B01EB4FA5E8FEE5" authorityName="Tibiae" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1127,1440,354,378]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Trigonorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2B01EB4FA5E8FEE5" box="[1127,1440,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Trigonorhinus alternatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been misidentified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF92FF8B2D64EBAFA2A2FE05" box="[514,746,386,410]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Eusphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walshii">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2D64EBAFA2A2FE05" box="[514,746,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Eusphyrus walshii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but can be distinguished from it by the rostrum that is narrowed subapically, with the medial 1/3 longer than the sides apically, by the tibial vestiture consisting of two dark spots and three light spots, and by elytral interstriae 3, 5, and 7 possessing numerous white setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF92FF8B2FA6E80FA52EFD25" blockId="20.[192,1440,545,698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2FA6E80FA1D5FDA6" bold="true" box="[192,413,545,570]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Larvae of this species feed on stems surrounded by plant fragments and debris, then pupate in the stem or in the main stem (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF92FF8B2DCAE86FA377FDC5" author="Pierce, W. D." box="[684,831,578,602]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref20055" refString="Pierce, W. D. 1930. Studies of the North American weevils belonging to the superfamily Platystomoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 77: 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1930">Pierce 1930</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF92FF8B2C34E86FA4C1FDC5" authorityName="Tibiae" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[850,1161,578,602]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Trigonorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2C34E86FA4C1FDC5" box="[850,1161,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Trigonorhinus alternatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has also been found in fungus galls and flower heads of numerous plant species, as well as overwintering in cotton bolls and ovipositing in kernels of dry corn (
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF92FF8B2D01E8AFA293FD06" box="[615,731,642,665]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">
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<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2D01E8AFA293FD06" box="[615,731,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Zea mays</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). It has also been recorded from fungus-infested morning glories (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B45FF92FF8B2E44E88FA1AAFD25" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[290,482,674,698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="695 - 700" refId="ref20573" refString="Valentine, B. D. 2002. Family 126. Anthribidae Billberg 1820. p. 695 - 700. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank (eds.). American beetles, Vol. 2. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. 861 p." type="book chapter" year="2002">Valentine 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<collectingRegion id="49A1F856FF92FF8B2D7EE88FA2D0FD25" box="[536,664,674,698]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
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, a specimen was collected by sweeping apple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D37FF92FF8B2BA9E88FA510FD25" box="[1231,1368,674,698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2BA9E88FA554FD25" box="[1231,1308,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Malus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF92FF8B2FA6E8CFA4BAFD65" blockId="20.[192,1266,738,762]" box="[192,1266,738,762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2FA6E8CFA112FD65" bold="true" box="[192,346,738,762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Phenology.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D63FD3DFF92FF8B2EFFE8CFA203FD65" box="[409,587,738,762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1F856FF92FF8B2C63E8CFA3CAFD65" box="[773,898,738,762]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
were found in June and July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36B4FF92FF8B2FA6E90CA3B6FCC5" blockId="20.[192,1440,801,858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2FA6E90CA19EFCA5" bold="true" box="[192,470,801,826]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Collecting methods.</emphasis>
|
||
The two
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1F856FF92FF8B2D37E90FA286FCA5" box="[593,718,802,826]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens collected from two counties represent a
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAA6FF92FF8B2A3DE90FA1F9FCC6" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">NEW STATE RECORD.</emphasis>
|
||
One specimen was collected by sweeping apple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |