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<mods:title id="1A772C51230737F461F6D6A84A35FC67">The East Pacific / South Pacific Boundary: New taxa and occurrences from Rapa Nui (Easter Island), New Caledonia and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BDA3686033B391BC5BA44D77EE0ABBF" blockId="17.[151,471,438,465]" box="[151,471,438,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<heading id="D09281EA033B391BC5BA44D77EE0ABBF" bold="true" box="[151,471,438,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC5BA44D77EE0ABBF" bold="true" box="[151,471,438,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC5BA44D77EA7ABBF" ID-CoL="8RYP7" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,400,438,464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">GONIASTERIDAE</taxonomicName>
sp. C
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F650D033B391BC5BA449F7B16A9A6" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA3686033B391BC5BA449F7D67A89E" blockId="17.[151,1437,510,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC5BA449F7E28A877" bold="true" box="[151,287,510,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Comments.</emphasis>
As indicated in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B77033B391BC4CF449E7DFFA876" author="Mecho, A. &amp; Easton, E. E. &amp; Sellanes, J. &amp; Gorny, M. &amp; Mah, C." box="[482,712,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="91" refId="ref30588" refString="Mecho, A., Easton, E. E., Sellanes, J., Gorny, M. &amp; Mah, C. (2019) Unexplored diversity of the mesophotic echinoderm fauna of the Easter Island ecoregion. Marine Biology, 166, 91 https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 019 - 3537 - x" type="journal article" year="2019">
Mecho
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC714449E7D5AA876" box="[569,621,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC7FF449E7C59A876" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[722,878,511,537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
sp. C suggests
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC108449E7A22A876" authorityName="Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[1061,1301,511,537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC108449E7A22A876" box="[1061,1301,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Ceramaster australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, previously known only from Macquarie Ridge and New Caledonian waters (H.E.S.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B77033B391BC69647427BE7A852" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[955,1232,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref27367" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (Sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight 2001</bibRefCitation>
). This species was observed off Rapa Nui between
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160
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.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B77033B391BC7B947267C47A80E" author="Mecho, A. &amp; Easton, E. E. &amp; Sellanes, J. &amp; Gorny, M. &amp; Mah, C." box="[660,880,583,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="91" refId="ref30588" refString="Mecho, A., Easton, E. E., Sellanes, J., Gorny, M. &amp; Mah, C. (2019) Unexplored diversity of the mesophotic echinoderm fauna of the Easter Island ecoregion. Marine Biology, 166, 91 https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 019 - 3537 - x" type="journal article" year="2019">
Mecho
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC7C747267C14A80E" box="[746,803,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">et al.</emphasis>
(2019
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:
<figureCitation id="135E2A03033B391BC65147267CD7A80E" box="[892,992,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[314,1275,238,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-62@34.[312,1275,237,1918]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ophidiaster agassizi USNM E46260 (Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile): A. Abactinal view. Scale bar equals 1.5 cm. B. Abactinal surface close-up. Scale bar equals 0.4 cm. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar equals 1.5 cm. Inset scale bar equals 1.0 mm. D. Actinal surface showing furrow spination. Scale bar equals 0.4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4896933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4896933/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
) and
<figureCitation id="135E2A03033B391BC10C47267B43A80E" box="[1057,1140,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,244,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-57@16.[151,1436,237,1849]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthenoides epixanthus and Goniasteridae “C” (Rapa Nui): A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar equals 0.5 cm. B. Abactinal surface interradial paired plates. Scale bar equals 0. 25 cm. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar equals 0.5 cm. D. Actinal surface close-up, oral region. Scale bar equals 0.2 cm. E. Rapa Nui Goniasteridae “C” (similar to Ceramaster australis) feeding on fallen antipatharian. Image Courtesy A. Mecho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4896907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4896907/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
(herein) displays strongly convex superomarginal plates with curved edges, which are darker in color, and in contact laterally between plates, as is seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC40847EE7E90A8C6" authorityName="Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[293,423,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC40847EE7E90A8C6" box="[293,423,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A03033B391BC49A47EE7D39A8C5" box="[439,526,655,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,244,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-57@16.[151,1436,237,1849]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthenoides epixanthus and Goniasteridae “C” (Rapa Nui): A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar equals 0.5 cm. B. Abactinal surface interradial paired plates. Scale bar equals 0. 25 cm. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar equals 0.5 cm. D. Actinal surface close-up, oral region. Scale bar equals 0.2 cm. E. Rapa Nui Goniasteridae “C” (similar to Ceramaster australis) feeding on fallen antipatharian. Image Courtesy A. Mecho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4896907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4896907/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). Images of “
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC78C47EE7C77A8C6" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[673,832,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
sp. C” Strongly suggest
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC17B47EE7A73A8C6" authorityName="Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[1110,1348,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC17B47EE7A73A8C6" box="[1110,1348,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Ceramaster australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but image quality is imperfect and characters such as the elongate superomarginal plate shape and body color appear to differ from descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC4EB47B67D7EA89E" authorityName="Clark &amp; McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[454,585,727,753]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC4EB47B67D7EA89E" box="[454,585,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3686033B391BC5EA479B7C3DA9CA" blockId="17.[151,1437,510,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC5EA479B7EF6A97B" bold="true" box="[199,449,762,788]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Feeding observation.</emphasis>
A further observation of “
<taxonomicName id="4C654D05033B391BC7C1479A7CBCA97A" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[748,907,763,789]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
C” from Rapa Nui (
<figureCitation id="135E2A03033B391BC158479A7BFBA979" box="[1141,1228,763,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,244,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-57@16.[151,1436,237,1849]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthenoides epixanthus and Goniasteridae “C” (Rapa Nui): A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar equals 0.5 cm. B. Abactinal surface interradial paired plates. Scale bar equals 0. 25 cm. C. Actinal surface. Scale bar equals 0.5 cm. D. Actinal surface close-up, oral region. Scale bar equals 0.2 cm. E. Rapa Nui Goniasteridae “C” (similar to Ceramaster australis) feeding on fallen antipatharian. Image Courtesy A. Mecho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4896907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4896907/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
) shows it on what appears to be a fallen stalk of a “black coral” or antipatharian. Polyps on the stalk are fully extended on one side of the star but absent on the other side with the star showing an upward curvature around the stalk. This appears to be feeding by the goniasterid on the polyps of the antipatharian.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B77033B391BC64146067B28A9EE" author="Bo, M &amp; Canese, S. &amp; Bavestrello, G." box="[876,1055,871,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="2009 - 2012" refId="ref26750" refString="Bo, M, Canese, S. &amp; Bavestrello, G. (2018) On the coral-feeding habit of the sea star Peltaster placenta. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 2009 - 2012. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 018 - 0931 - 4" type="journal article" year="2018">
Bo
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC6B946067CF1A9EE" box="[916,966,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
has reported on a similar Atlantic species,
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<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC5DB46EA7EF5A9CA" box="[246,450,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Peltaster placenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, feeding on an antipatharian.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC5EA46CF7E6DA9A7" bold="true" box="[199,346,942,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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<location id="8EBA605D033B391BC44C46CE7D15A9A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC8790033B391BC5BA44D77DB7AE7E:8EBA605D033B391BC44C46CE7D15A9A6" box="[353,546,943,969]" country="New Caledonia" municipality="Rapa Nui" name="Macquarie Ridge" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Macquarie Ridge</location>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3727616033B391BC77446CE7C3EA9A6" box="[601,777,943,969]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBEACFC033B391BC63946CE7CBEA9A7" box="[788,905,942,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Rapa Nui</collectingMunicipality>
?
</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC5EA46B37E85A983" bold="true" box="[199,434,978,1004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Material examined.</emphasis>
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. Banc Éponge,
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,
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,
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,
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/
<collectorName id="26905350033B391BC5DF46967E0EAE7E" box="[242,313,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
O
<emphasis id="B911EA94033B391BC42046967E0EAE7E" box="[269,313,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Alis</emphasis>
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DW 39. 1 dry spec
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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