623 lines
77 KiB
XML
623 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document id="4AADB529B9AAA023080B832387F8E1A2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0485814f-c455-410f-883d-d84e904669e3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240356" ID-ZooBank="E4BC27F4-67DE-4598-BB06-627C9332D101" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461271248405" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Suárez, William & Olson, Storrs L." docDate="2015" docId="03A4E42AFFEB143626F966DEF7BF8385" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04020p553.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4020 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tyto cravesae Suárez & Olson, 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="548" masterDocId="FF9D9C52FFE71439266E600AF5708565" masterDocTitle="Systematics and distribution of the giant fossil barn owls of the West Indies (Aves: Strigiformes: Tytonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="553" masterPageNumber="533" pageNumber="545" updateTime="1698611823307" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="803AF2FE9DA2EE223A7FA03274E4DF72">
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<mods:title id="3921ACAEE22775AE775BE4072F39E741">Systematics and distribution of the giant fossil barn owls of the West Indies (Aves: Strigiformes: Tytonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7F307742EFD5CB0EDC2460D2B7BA063E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="12D6E6A3ED6604994F5A6B655105E160">Suárez, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="799737AB4C9184B113E357ABC67B415C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3CDB16A4EE01EFDE78048E066F8436E9">Olson, Storrs L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D82D7181C4EAC9F3DC5557E438CF1960">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="94922776353A4CB7BB31A6D57C39B02D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E0081F2A47A17CB58EDBA048C4A535D8">
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<mods:date id="9B83B4C44484C2AE9523620F26A917A7">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EE91F394C5201DE88749A1AF8EA2EAE2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="437258F1D64E7910C94B4E182E09617F">4020</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="22AB80E8CABC998A38B312897A88F89E" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="BCDC7FBC88676FBBB77B9ABFDF711A9B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7298589098C5E814CDFE3E78F5281D0C" type="GBIF-Dataset">0485814f-c455-410f-883d-d84e904669e3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="365D45991E842E0FDEE115A1C4261946" type="Zenodo-Dep">240356</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A4E42AFFEB143626F966DEF7BF8385" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625596" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119638801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4E42AFFEB143626F966DEF7BF8385" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4E42AFFEB143626F966DEF7BF8385" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
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<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFEB143526F966DEF67D8256" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFEB143526F966DEF4A9838B" blockId="12.[151,781,1748,1844]" box="[151,473,1748,1774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
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<heading id="D0FAE250FFEB143526F966DEF4A9838B" bold="true" box="[151,473,1748,1774]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEB143526F966DEF4A9838B" bold="true" box="[151,473,1748,1774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEB143526F966DEF44B838B" box="[151,315,1748,1774]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEB143526F966DEF44B838B" bold="true" box="[151,315,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Tyto cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A3455FFEB1435272466DEF4A9838B" box="[330,473,1748,1774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFEB143526F966FDF67D8256" blockId="12.[151,781,1748,1844]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
|
||
Craves’s Giant Barn Owl; Lechuza Gigante de Craves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFEB143526F16711F59D8256" box="[159,237,1819,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,963,985]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,205,923]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[223,1363,193,941]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left coracoids in dorsal view of Tyto noeli (A – C) compared with T. cravesae, new species: A, T. noeli (Jamaica) USNM 535720; B, T. noeli (Cuba) WS 909, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; C, T. noeli (Cuba) OA 3212; D, T. cravesae (paratype) OA 832. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240358/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D; 3A,C; 4C,D,E,G; 5E,F; 6B,C,G,H; 7D,E; 8A)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFEB143426F96769F4598278" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="546" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFEB143526F96769F10A828F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1891,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEB143526F96769F47B8219" bold="true" box="[151,267,1891,1916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFEB143526F96769F4768219" box="[151,262,1891,1916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Associated postcranial elements of a single individual MNHNCu 75. 590 (original numbers in collection of William Suárez are indicated in parentheses), consisting of the proximal half of a left humerus (WS 1026E″), proximal end of a right ulna (WS 1114E″), nearly complete right carpometacarpus (WS 1027E″), and a nearly complete right femur (WS 1025E″). Collected by William Suárez on
|
||
<date id="FFB373FCFFEB1435258567DBF106828F" box="[1003,1142,2001,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" value="1998-06-05">5 June 1998</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7205B4FFEA143426F9652DF66980FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240363/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" targetBox="[184,1412,202,1281]" targetPageId="13">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFEA143426F9652DF66980FC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1319,1433]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143426F9652DF4648059" bold="true" box="[151,276,1319,1341]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Right tarsometatarsi in anterior view of giant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA1434250E6522F6F98058" box="[864,905,1320,1341]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA1434250E6522F6F98058" box="[864,905,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">Tyto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the West Indies: A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA143422F66522F1948058" box="[1176,1252,1319,1341]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143422F66522F1948058" box="[1176,1252,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">T. noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(small specimen) WS 15, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA143424C1654DF614803E" authority="(Jamaica)" baseAuthorityName="Jamaica" box="[687,868,1349,1372]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143424C1654DF7CB8039" box="[687,699,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143424A6654FF78A803E" box="[712,762,1349,1371]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
(Jamaica)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 615828; C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA1434225F654DF10B803E" box="[1073,1147,1349,1372]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA1434225F654DF10B803E" box="[1073,1147,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">T. noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(large specimen) WS 898E; D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA143426DB656FF457801F" box="[181,295,1381,1402]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143426DB656FF457801F" box="[181,295,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">T. cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A3455FFEA1434275D656FF4DC801F" box="[307,428,1380,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA14342490656FF600801F" box="[766,880,1381,1402]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA14342490656FF600801F" box="[766,880,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">T. cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A3455FFEA14342512656FF685801F" box="[892,1013,1380,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(paratype) OA 878; F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA143422B3656FF03C801F" box="[1245,1356,1380,1402]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143422B3656FF03C801F" box="[1245,1356,1380,1402]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">T. ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 543276, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Scale = 1cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFEA143426A965CAF4598278" blockId="13.[151,1437,1472,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143426A965CAF4A380BC" bold="true" box="[199,467,1472,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFEA143426A965CAF47280BC" box="[199,258,1472,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and age.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cueva de Paredones, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5F8D9FFEA1434257165CBF62B80BC" box="[799,859,1472,1497]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Ceiba del Agua, Municipality of Caimito, Artemisa (formerly La Habana) Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFEA1434241165EEF7CA8098" box="[639,698,1508,1533]" name="Cuba" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434249465EEF6C78098" author="Arredondo" box="[762,951,1508,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1961) Descripciones preliminares de dos nuevos generos y especies de edentados del Pleistoceno cubano. Boletin del Grupo de Exploraciones Cientificas, La Habana, 1, 19 - 36." type="journal article" year="1961">Arredondo 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA143425AB65EFF1708098" author="Arredondo" box="[965,1024,1509,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1970) Nueva especie de ave pleistocenica del orden Accipitriformes (Accipitridae) y nuevo genero para las Antillas. Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de la Habana, 48, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434226065EFF1388098" author="Arredondo" box="[1038,1096,1509,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1971) Nuevo genero y especie de ave fosil (Accipitriformes: Vulturidae) del Pleistoceno de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 31, 309 - 323." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434223865EFF1E18098" author="Arredondo" box="[1110,1169,1509,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1982) Los Strigiformes fosiles del Pleistoceno cubano. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, 140, 33 - 55." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA143422F065EFF1AA8098" author="Arredondo" box="[1182,1242,1509,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1984) Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depositos fosiliferos pleisto-holocenicos de Cuba. Reporte de Investigacion del Instituto de Zoologia, 17, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434228665EEF0E78098" author="Brodkorb" box="[1256,1431,1508,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1969) An extinct Pleistocene owl from Cuba. Quarterly Journal of The Florida Academy of Sciences, 31, 112 - 114." type="journal article" year="1969">Brodkorb 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA143426F96603F4918344" author="Morgan" box="[151,481,1544,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Morgan, G. S. & Ottenwalder, J. A. (1993) A new extinct species of Solenodon (Mammalia: Insectivora: Solenodontidae) from the late Quaternary of Cuba. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 62, 151 - 164." type="journal article" year="1993">Morgan & Ottenwalder 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA143427836602F7EB8344" author="Gutierrez" box="[493,667,1544,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Gutierrez Domech, M. R. (2010) Protecting the Cuban Geological Heritage. The Open Geology Journal, 4, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2174 / 1874262901004010001" type="journal article" year="2010">Gutiérrez 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFEA1434248F6603F6618344" box="[737,785,1545,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material was collected within the cave and near the place known as “Salón del Pozo” (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434246E6627F6378320" author="Morgan" box="[512,839,1580,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Morgan, G. S. & Ottenwalder, J. A. (1993) A new extinct species of Solenodon (Mammalia: Insectivora: Solenodontidae) from the late Quaternary of Cuba. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 62, 151 - 164." type="journal article" year="1993">Morgan & Ottenwalder 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in an amoeboid-shaped patch of red clay matrix (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5F8D9FFEA143426F9665AF5AE830D" box="[151,222,1616,1641]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
in its greatest diameter) in a wall cavity about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5F8D9FFEA14342495665AF64D830D" box="[763,829,1616,1641]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
from the floor of the cave. Quaternary, probably late Pleistocene but not dated (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA14342790667FF63F83E8" author="Morgan" box="[510,847,1652,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Morgan, G. S. & Ottenwalder, J. A. (1993) A new extinct species of Solenodon (Mammalia: Insectivora: Solenodontidae) from the late Quaternary of Cuba. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 62, 151 - 164." type="journal article" year="1993">Morgan & Ottenwalder 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for discussion of the age of deposits in Cueva de Paredones). This is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFEA143427D16693F49F83D4" box="[447,495,1689,1713]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of other Cuban fossil birds such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA143422496692F0E783D4" authority="Brodkorb" authorityName="Brodkorb" box="[1063,1431,1688,1713]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Pulsatrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arredondoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143422496692F06A83D4" box="[1063,1306,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">Pulsatrix arredondoi</emphasis>
|
||
Brodkorb
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA143426F966B7F76E83B0" authority="Arredondo" authorityName="Arredondo" box="[151,542,1724,1749]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Gymnogyps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varonai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143426F966B7F4F083B1" box="[151,384,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">Gymnogyps varonai</emphasis>
|
||
(Arredondo)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA1434245F66B6F7AF83B0" box="[561,735,1724,1749]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Ornimegalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA1434245F66B6F7AF83B0" box="[561,735,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">Ornimegalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA1434249566B7F64E83B1" box="[763,830,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">minor</emphasis>
|
||
” Arredondo, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFEA1434224E66B7F469839C" authority="Arredondo & Arredondo" authorityName="Arredondo & Arredondo" class="Aves" family="Teratornithidae" genus="Oscaravis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cathartiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA1434224E66B7F19583B0" box="[1056,1253,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">Oscaravis olsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Arredondo & Arredondo)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434273666EAF778839C" author="Brodkorb" box="[344,520,1760,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1969) An extinct Pleistocene owl from Cuba. Quarterly Journal of The Florida Academy of Sciences, 31, 112 - 114." type="journal article" year="1969">Brodkorb 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434247B66EAF7A1839C" author="Arredondo" box="[533,721,1760,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1971) Nuevo genero y especie de ave fosil (Accipitriformes: Vulturidae) del Pleistoceno de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 31, 309 - 323." type="journal article" year="1971">Arredondo 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA143424B166EAF66A839C" author="Arredondo" box="[735,794,1760,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1976) The great predatory birds of the Pleistocene of Cuba. Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 27, 169 - 187." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434254966EBF612839C" author="Arredondo" box="[807,866,1761,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1982) Los Strigiformes fosiles del Pleistoceno cubano. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, 140, 33 - 55." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434250166EBF6DA839C" author="Arredondo" box="[879,938,1761,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. (1984) Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depositos fosiliferos pleisto-holocenicos de Cuba. Reporte de Investigacion del Instituto de Zoologia, 17, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA143425D666EAF054839C" author="Arredondo" box="[952,1316,1760,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Arredondo, O. & Arredondo, C. (2002 b) Nueva especie de ave (Falconiformes: Teratornithidae) del Pleistoceno de Cuba. Poeyana, 470 - 475 (for 1999), 15 - 21." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Arredondo & Arredondo 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFEA1434235F66EBF46E8278" author="Suarez" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" refString="Suarez, W. & Olson, S. L. (2009) A new genus for the Cuban teratorn (Aves: Teratornithidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 122, 103 - 116. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 08 - 27.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Suárez & Olson 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFEA143726A96722F7B4822D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFEA143426A96722F62B82B4" blockId="13.[151,1437,1472,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFEA143426A96722F7208224" bold="true" box="[199,592,1832,1857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Measurements (mm) of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFEA1434278D6722F73C8224" box="[483,588,1832,1857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Humerus: proximal width 22.5, depth of head 6.2, width of shaft at level of distal end of deltopectoral crest 9.7, depth of shaft at level of distal end of deltopectoral crest 9.3, depth of midshaft 8.8. Ulna: proximal depth 13.7. Carpometacarpus: length 70.0, proximal width 7.2, proximal depth 15.3. Femur: length through internal condyle 79.5+ (abraded), proximal width 15.5, proximal depth 9.7, shaft width at midpoint 6.8, shaft depth at midpoint 7.9, depth of internal condyle 10.8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7205B4FFE9143726F964B2F74C806E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240364/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" targetBox="[345,1238,205,1175]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726F964B2F74C806E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1208,1291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726F964B2F46381A8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1208,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Right tarsometatarsi in internal view of giant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE91437250D64B3F6FC81AB" box="[867,908,1209,1230]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437250D64B3F6FC81AB" box="[867,908,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Tyto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the West Indies: A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE9143722F064B3F06281AB" box="[1182,1298,1209,1230]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143722F064B3F06281AB" box="[1182,1298,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T. cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A3455FFE91437234F64B3F0EC81AB" box="[1313,1436,1208,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE91437279364D2F7038188" box="[509,627,1239,1261]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437279364D2F7038188" box="[509,627,1239,1261]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T. ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 543302, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Arrows indicate characters discussed in text. Scale = 1cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726A96532F79080D8" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A96532F4368034" bold="true" box="[199,326,1336,1361]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFE9143726A96532F4318034" box="[199,321,1336,1361]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143727236533F4CD8035" box="[333,445,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Topotypes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143727AA6532F4908034" bold="true" box="[452,480,1336,1361]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">—</emphasis>
|
||
Coracoid: sternal end of left (OA 832). Humerus: shaft of left (WS 077). Tibiotarsus: distal end of left (OA 831,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFE9143727AB6557F7568010" box="[453,550,1373,1397]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE9143724256557F7ED8010" box="[587,669,1372,1397]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143724256557F7288011" box="[587,600,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143724086556F7ED8010" box="[614,669,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Tarsometatarsus: complete right (MNHNCu 75.596), right lacking distal end (OA 828,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFE9143727FC658BF48280FC" box="[402,498,1409,1433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE91437244A658BF70D80FC" box="[548,637,1408,1433]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437244A658BF74280FD" box="[548,562,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437242B658AF70D80FC" box="[581,637,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), proximal end of right (MNHNCu 75.595, juvenile, formerly WS unnumbered), distal end of right (WS
|
||
<date id="FFB373FCFFE91437242C65AFF71A80D8" box="[578,618,1445,1469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" value="2009-01">09I</date>
|
||
, juvenile).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726A965C3F01A8360" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A965C3F58B8361" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Cueva del Campo de Tíro, Meseta de Anafe, Municipality of Caimito, Artemisa (formerly La Habana) Province</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFE91437276765E6F4358360" box="[265,325,1516,1541]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437276765E6F4358360" box="[265,325,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Cuba</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437272265E6F4188360" bold="true" box="[332,360,1516,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">—</emphasis>
|
||
Femur: left lacking a proximal portion of the shaft (MNHNCu 75.594, formerly WS 218E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726A1661BF12083F0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A1661BF009834C" box="[207,1401,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
Cueva del Túnel, La Salud, Municipality of Quivicán, Mayabeque (formerly La Habana) Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFE914372353661AF009834C" box="[1341,1401,1552,1577]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143723EE661AF0EC834C" bold="true" box="[1408,1436,1552,1577]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">—</emphasis>
|
||
Humerus: proximal end of right (OA 826,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFE914372416663FF7A88328" box="[632,728,1589,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE914372491663FF6238328" box="[767,851,1588,1613]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE914372491663FF67C8329" box="[767,780,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE914372575663EF6238328" box="[795,851,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), distal half of right (OA 804,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFE9143722DE663FF0608328" box="[1200,1296,1589,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE914372359663FF0FC8328" box="[1335,1420,1588,1613]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE914372359663FF0348329" box="[1335,1348,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437233A663EF0FC8328" box="[1364,1420,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Tibiotarsus: distal half of left (MNHNCu 75.593, formerly WS 216). Tarsometatarsus: distal end of left (MNHNCu 75.591, formerly WS 137), distal end of right (MNHNCu 75.592, formerly WS 215).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726BE66ABF03E83B8" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726BE66ABF00883DC" box="[208,1400,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
Cuevas Blancas, Aguacate, Municipality of Quivicán, Mayabeque (formerly La Habana) Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFE91437235266AAF00883DC" box="[1340,1400,1696,1721]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143723EE66AAF0EC83DC" bold="true" box="[1408,1436,1696,1721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">—</emphasis>
|
||
Femur: Proximal end of left (CZACC unnumbered). Tarsometatarsus: shaft of right (CZACC unnumbered).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726A966E3F6038240" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A966E3F1058264" box="[199,1141,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
Las Breas de San Felipe, Martí, Municipality of Martí, Matanzas Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFE91437225666E2F1058264" box="[1080,1141,1768,1793]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437221266E2F1E88264" bold="true" box="[1148,1176,1768,1793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">—</emphasis>
|
||
Tarsometatarsus: distal end of left (MNHNCu 75.4801) (see Iturralde-Vinent
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437249C6707F6538240" box="[754,803,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">et al</emphasis>
|
||
2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726A9673AF7B4822D" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" box="[199,708,1840,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A9673AF769822C" bold="true" box="[199,537,1840,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFE9143727F5673AF764822C" box="[411,532,1840,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F6087FFE914372421673AF7B0822D" box="[591,704,1840,1865]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,1232,1255]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1382,1314,2028]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of pectoral elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other large fossil tytonids from the West Indies." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) of pelvic elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other fossil large tytonids from the West Indies." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" tableUuid-0="DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062">Table 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFE9143726A9675EF1E58208" box="[199,1173,1876,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726A9675EF1E58208" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" box="[199,1173,1876,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A9675EF4298208" bold="true" box="[199,345,1876,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Fossil localities in Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFE9143724F2675EF7AA8208" box="[668,730,1876,1901]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Artemisa to Matanzas Provinces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFE9143726A96772F6B282D0" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143726A96772F6B282D0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A96772F43E82F4" bold="true" box="[199,334,1912,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
After Julie Craves, of the University of Michigan-Dearborn, for her dedication to avian conservation and her boundless appreciation of Cuban friends and birds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFE9143626A967CAF59F859D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE9143626A967CAF59F859D" blockId="14.[151,1437,1336,2009]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1760]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE9143726A967CAF43182BC" bold="true" box="[199,321,1984,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE91437242267CBF70A82BD" box="[588,634,1985,2008]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437242267CBF70A82BD" box="[588,634,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">Tyto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE91437252367CBF6D182BC" box="[845,929,1984,2009]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437252367CBF62A82BD" box="[845,858,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437250767CAF6D182BC" box="[873,929,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE91437220667CBF1A382BC" box="[1128,1235,1984,2009]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE91437220667CBF1A382BC" box="[1128,1235,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="547">T. pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, about the size of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143627196093F48585D5" box="[375,501,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627196093F48585D5" box="[375,501,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but less robust, differing from that species by the longer carpometacarpus, deeper and more ovoid shaft of the femur, tarsometatarsus distinctly flared at the ends, and fossa parahypotarsalis medialis smaller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFE8143626A9610EF1B58069" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE8143626A9610EF19787C2" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626A9610EF75E8478" bold="true" box="[199,558,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Description and comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE814362557610FF6A68479" box="[825,982,261,284]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE814362557610FF6A68479" box="[825,982,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Tyto cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are consistently larger and more robust than the equivalent elements in the skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143624CD6123F7848425" box="[675,756,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624CD6123F7848425" box="[675,756,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and smaller and much more gracile than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143623476123F0E58425" box="[1321,1429,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143623476123F0E58425" box="[1321,1429,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Juvenile specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143627F66147F7698401" box="[408,537,333,356]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627F66147F4D68401" box="[408,422,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627DB6147F7698401" box="[437,537,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also consistently larger and more robust than juveniles or adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143623296147F0EC8400" box="[1351,1436,332,357]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143623296147F0258401" box="[1351,1365,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436230A6146F0EC8400" box="[1380,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143626F16165F59484ED" box="[159,228,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,249,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[282,1314,414,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[260,1326,409,1501]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Proximal ends of right tarsometatarsi in anterior view (A – D) and distal ends of left (E, F) and right (G, H) tarsometatarsi in anterior view of giant species of Tyto from Cuba. A, T. noeli (adult) WS 15, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; B, T. cravesae, new species (juvenile, paratype) MNHNCu 75.595; C, T. cravesae, new species (adult, paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; D, T. pollens (adult), OA 3215; E, T. noeli (adult) WS 18 A; F, T. noeli (juvenile) WS 916; G, T. cravesae, new species (juvenile, paratype) WS 09 I; H, T. cravesae, new species (adult, paratype) MNHNCu 75.592. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240362/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Qualitative characters in comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143624B9617BF65A84ED" box="[727,810,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624B9617BF65A84ED" box="[727,810,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include: femur with a much deeper shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143623656165F03984ED" box="[1291,1353,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,266,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,254,1178]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Right femora of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies in anterior view (A – D) and internal view (E – G): A, T. noeli (large) WS 894; B, T. ostologa USNM 543283; C, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590; D, T. cravesae, new species (paratype, proximal segment) MNHNCu 75. 594, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; E, T. cravesae, new species (paratype, distal segment) MNHNCu 75. 594, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; F, T. ostologa USNM 543283; G, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240360/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||
), being ovoid in cross section (cylindrical or less ovoid with much less deep shaft in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436227B619FF11B84C8" box="[1045,1131,404,429]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436227B619FF15284C9" box="[1045,1058,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436225D619EF11B84C8" box="[1075,1131,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); distal end with posterior articular surface of the internal condyle larger and more expanded (smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436227061B3F10484B5" box="[1054,1140,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436227061B3F15B84B5" box="[1054,1067,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436225261BDF10484B5" box="[1084,1140,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); distal end of tibiotarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143626F161D6F5AC8490" box="[159,220,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1659,1681]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,214,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1637]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distal ends of right femora in anterior (A, B) and posterior (C, D) views and distal ends of left tibiotarsi in anterior view (E – G) of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A and C, T. noeli (Barbuda, holotype of T. neddi) USNM 359240; B and D, T. noeli (Cuba) WS 894; E, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) OA 831; F, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) MNHNCu 75.593; G, T. noeli (large) WS 345. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240361/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Fig.5</figureCitation>
|
||
) with shaft greatly expanded bilaterally and with the tendinal groove wider (shaft not expanded, tendinal groove thinner in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436270D620BF4C7877D" box="[355,439,511,536]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436270D620BF400877D" box="[355,368,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627EE61F5F4C7877D" box="[384,439,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tarsometatarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143624FF61F5F784877D" box="[657,756,511,536]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="12.[151,249,1523,1545]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,249,1319,1341]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,249,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox-0="[282,1314,414,1488]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1412,202,1281]" captionTargetBox-2="[345,1238,205,1175]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[260,1326,409,1501]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[150,1437,193,1298]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[332,1254,193,1187]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Proximal ends of right tarsometatarsi in anterior view (A – D) and distal ends of left (E, F) and right (G, H) tarsometatarsi in anterior view of giant species of Tyto from Cuba. A, T. noeli (adult) WS 15, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; B, T. cravesae, new species (juvenile, paratype) MNHNCu 75.595; C, T. cravesae, new species (adult, paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; D, T. pollens (adult), OA 3215; E, T. noeli (adult) WS 18 A; F, T. noeli (juvenile) WS 916; G, T. cravesae, new species (juvenile, paratype) WS 09 I; H, T. cravesae, new species (adult, paratype) MNHNCu 75.592. Scale = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Right tarsometatarsi in anterior view of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. noeli (small specimen) WS 15, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; B, T. noeli (Jamaica) USNM 615828; C, T. noeli (large specimen) WS 898 E; D, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; E, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) OA 878; F, T. ostologa USNM 543276, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Scale = 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Right tarsometatarsi in internal view of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; B, T. ostologa USNM 543302, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Arrows indicate characters discussed in text. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/240362/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240363/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/240364/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Figs.6–8</figureCitation>
|
||
) with shaft relatively shorter but more robust, with anterior metatarsal groove expanded and relatively shallow (shaft relatively longer and thinner, with anterior metatarsal groove thinner and deeper in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143627866243F74D8705" box="[488,573,583,608]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627866243F4858705" box="[488,501,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436246B624DF74D8705" box="[517,573,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), tubercle for tibialis anticus distally placed (this character can be variable) being separated from the proximal metatarsal foramina (consistently proximad and closer to proximal metatarsal foramina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436274E629BF40387CD" box="[288,371,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436274E629BF45D87CD" box="[288,301,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627556285F40387CD" box="[315,371,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), distal end proportionately less massive (in some individuals) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143622E2629BF19087CD" box="[1164,1248,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143622E2629BF1E987CD" box="[1164,1177,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143622C66285F19087CD" box="[1192,1248,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE8143626A962BFF7E9813D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">
|
||
Bones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436275F62BFF4DF87A9" box="[305,431,693,716]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436275F62BFF44F87A9" box="[305,319,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436272562BFF4DF87A9" box="[331,431,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less robust, but similar in linear dimensions to some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143622D062BFF04987A8" box="[1214,1337,692,717]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143622D062BFF04987A8" box="[1214,1337,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE81436232662BEF0E787A9" box="[1352,1431,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1231,1253]" captionTargetBox="[171,1420,188,1196]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,181,1209]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left humeri in anconal view (A, B) and right carpometacarpi in external view (C, D) of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590; B, T. noeli (large) WS 980; C, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590; D, T. ostologa USNM 543378, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143626F962D2F5D78795" box="[151,167,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,266,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,254,1178]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Right femora of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies in anterior view (A – D) and internal view (E – G): A, T. noeli (large) WS 894; B, T. ostologa USNM 543283; C, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590; D, T. cravesae, new species (paratype, proximal segment) MNHNCu 75. 594, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; E, T. cravesae, new species (paratype, distal segment) MNHNCu 75. 594, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; F, T. ostologa USNM 543283; G, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240360/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143626DA62D2F5B4878A" box="[180,196,728,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,249,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,202,1281]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1437,193,1298]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Right tarsometatarsi in anterior view of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. noeli (small specimen) WS 15, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; B, T. noeli (Jamaica) USNM 615828; C, T. noeli (large specimen) WS 898 E; D, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; E, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) OA 878; F, T. ostologa USNM 543276, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240363/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143626BF62D2F5918795" box="[209,225,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[345,1238,205,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[332,1254,193,1187]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Right tarsometatarsi in internal view of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; B, T. ostologa USNM 543302, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Arrows indicate characters discussed in text. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240364/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F6087FFE81436268162DDF4118795" box="[239,353,727,752]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,1232,1255]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1382,1314,2028]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of pectoral elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other large fossil tytonids from the West Indies." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) of pelvic elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other fossil large tytonids from the West Indies." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" tableUuid-0="DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062">Table 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Most of the pectoral elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436249E62D3F6008795" box="[752,880,728,752]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436249E62D3F78D8795" box="[752,765,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436256262D3F6008795" box="[780,880,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including coracoid, humerus, and ulna, are very similar in characters when compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143624E862F7F6758670" box="[646,773,764,789]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624E862F7F6758670" box="[646,773,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in contrast, the carpometacarpus and hindlimb elements show consistent diagnostic characters including carpometacarpus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143625F46315F692865D" box="[922,994,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1231,1253]" captionTargetBox="[171,1420,188,1196]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,181,1209]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left humeri in anconal view (A, B) and right carpometacarpi in external view (C, D) of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590; B, T. noeli (large) WS 980; C, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590; D, T. ostologa USNM 543378, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240359/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F6087FFE81436259D6315F138865D" box="[1011,1096,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1232,1255]" captionTargetBox="[159,1382,1314,2028]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of pectoral elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other large fossil tytonids from the West Indies." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" tableUuid="DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) longer with a more slender metacarpal II (shorter and more robust metacarpal II in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE814362578634FF6E48638" box="[790,916,836,861]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE814362578634FF6538639" box="[790,803,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436255A634EF6E48638" box="[820,916,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE81436226C634EF1398639" box="[1026,1097,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[158,1421,266,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,254,1178]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Right femora of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies in anterior view (A – D) and internal view (E – G): A, T. noeli (large) WS 894; B, T. ostologa USNM 543283; C, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590; D, T. cravesae, new species (paratype, proximal segment) MNHNCu 75. 594, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; E, T. cravesae, new species (paratype, distal segment) MNHNCu 75. 594, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; F, T. ostologa USNM 543283; G, T. cravesae, new species (holotype) MNHNCu 75.590. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240360/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F6087FFE814362238634EF1DC8639" box="[1110,1196,836,861]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) of pelvic elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other fossil large tytonids from the West Indies." pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) with the shaft more ovoid in cross section, so that it is much wider in either lateral or medial view (shaft more cylindrical, less ovoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143626F96387F46486C0" box="[151,276,908,933]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626F96387F5D486C1" box="[151,164,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626DA6386F46486C0" box="[180,276,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tarsometatarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133649B9FFE8143627806386F72C86C0" box="[494,604,908,933]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="12.[151,249,1523,1545]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,249,1319,1341]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,249,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox-0="[282,1314,414,1488]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1412,202,1281]" captionTargetBox-2="[345,1238,205,1175]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[260,1326,409,1501]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[150,1437,193,1298]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[332,1254,193,1187]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Proximal ends of right tarsometatarsi in anterior view (A – D) and distal ends of left (E, F) and right (G, H) tarsometatarsi in anterior view of giant species of Tyto from Cuba. A, T. noeli (adult) WS 15, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; B, T. cravesae, new species (juvenile, paratype) MNHNCu 75.595; C, T. cravesae, new species (adult, paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; D, T. pollens (adult), OA 3215; E, T. noeli (adult) WS 18 A; F, T. noeli (juvenile) WS 916; G, T. cravesae, new species (juvenile, paratype) WS 09 I; H, T. cravesae, new species (adult, paratype) MNHNCu 75.592. Scale = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Right tarsometatarsi in anterior view of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. noeli (small specimen) WS 15, image reversed to facilitate comparisons; B, T. noeli (Jamaica) USNM 615828; C, T. noeli (large specimen) WS 898 E; D, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; E, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) OA 878; F, T. ostologa USNM 543276, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Scale = 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Right tarsometatarsi in internal view of giant species of Tyto from the West Indies: A, T. cravesae, new species (paratype) MNHNCu 75.596; B, T. ostologa USNM 543302, image reversed to facilitate comparisons. Arrows indicate characters discussed in text. Scale = 1 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/240362/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240363/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/240364/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F6087FFE8143624076386F7CF86C1" box="[617,703,908,933]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) of pelvic elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other fossil large tytonids from the West Indies." pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) with proximal half of shaft relatively more expanded or wider, flaring more gradually proximad (shaft less expanded, flaring more abruptly at the proximal articulation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143623E963BBF5878688" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143623E963BBF0E486AD" box="[1415,1428,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626F963DEF5878688" box="[151,247,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), anterior metatarsal groove also relatively wider (narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436259563DFF10D8688" box="[1019,1149,980,1005]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436259563DFF1798689" box="[1019,1033,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436227363DEF10D8688" box="[1053,1149,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), fossa parahypotarsalis medialis smaller (internal view), resulting the medial (inner) border of shaft at this level wider (usually larger, greatly expanded and with thin medial border in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143624A66417F6368150" box="[712,838,1052,1077]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624A66417F7A58151" box="[712,725,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436248B6416F6368150" box="[741,838,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), distal end less developed and smaller (much more developed, larger and massive in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE814362463644BF7F9813D" box="[525,649,1087,1112]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE814362463644BF76A813D" box="[525,538,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624466435F7F9813D" box="[552,649,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE8143626A9646EF1B58069" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">
|
||
Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE814362711646FF49D8118" box="[383,493,1124,1149]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE814362711646FF4FC8119" box="[383,396,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627F2646EF49D8118" box="[412,493,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143624FB646FF6668119" box="[661,790,1125,1148]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624FB646FF7D28119" box="[661,674,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624DC646FF6668119" box="[690,790,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the shaft deeper and ovoid (less deep or ovoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143623E9646FF59881C5" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143623E9646FF0E48119" box="[1415,1428,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626F9648DF59881C5" box="[151,232,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tarsometatarsus relatively more elongated with the shaft less constricted bilaterally at midpoint (very wide and robust, relatively shorter, greatly constricted shaft bilaterally at midpoint in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436222D64A7F1C381A0" box="[1091,1203,1196,1221]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436222D64A7F12081A1" box="[1091,1104,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436220C64A6F1C381A0" box="[1122,1203,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other comparable elements of these two species are very similar in qualitative characters, being distinguishable mostly by the discrepancies in size and robustness mentioned above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436249064FFF61B8068" box="[766,875,1268,1293]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436249064FFF67C8069" box="[766,780,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436257464FEF61B8068" box="[794,875,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the largest (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F6087FFE81436225764FEF1C78069" box="[1081,1207,1268,1293]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,1232,1255]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1382,1314,2028]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of pectoral elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other large fossil tytonids from the West Indies." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) of pelvic elements of Tyto cravesae, new species, compared with other fossil large tytonids from the West Indies." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" tableUuid-0="DF7205B4FFE3143D26F964DAF4A98062">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31706B7FFE8143626A9651DF7BF8385" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2553CFFE8143626A9651DF7BF8385" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626A9651DF44B8055" bold="true" box="[199,315,1303,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143627B46513F70A8055" box="[474,634,1305,1328]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627B46513F70A8055" box="[474,634,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Tyto cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143622596513F1FD8055" box="[1079,1165,1303,1328]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143622596513F1FD8055" box="[1079,1165,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. noeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143622966513F0098055" box="[1272,1401,1303,1328]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostologa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143622966513F0098055" box="[1272,1401,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. ostologa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Hispaniola, which is different in the morphology of the carpometacarpus and proximal end of the tarsometatarsus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143626F9656BF441801D" box="[151,305,1377,1400]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626F9656BF441801D" box="[151,305,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Tyto cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143627FC656BF48C801D" box="[402,508,1375,1400]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143627FC656BF48C801D" box="[402,508,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE814362411656BF795801D" box="[639,741,1377,1400]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE814362411656BF795801D" box="[639,741,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. riveroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the rarest species of barn owl in the fossil record of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFE8143623506555F00D801D" box="[1342,1405,1375,1400]" name="Cuba" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A deposit formed from ancient pellets of this new species was discovered and excavated by WS in January of 1992, in a cave named Cueva del Campo de Tíro, in the eastern extremity of Meseta de Anafe, near Cayaguasal, Caimito. This deposit was located in a small depression about one meter in diameter and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5F8D9FFE81436226165C6F1358081" box="[1039,1093,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
at its deepest point, embedded in a dry red-orange soil (see
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6EB9EFFE8143627B965FAF734836D" box="[471,580,1520,1544]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436240465FBF799836D" box="[618,745,1520,1544]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436240465FBF708836D" box="[618,632,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624EB65FBF799836D" box="[645,745,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The deposit was filled with fragmentary material, including bones of juveniles of the extant rodent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143624EA661FF6C38349" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[644,947,1556,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Capromyidae" genus="Capromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilorides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143624EA661FF6198348" box="[644,873,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Capromys pilorides</emphasis>
|
||
(Say)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and juveniles and adults of the extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143626F96632F72C8335" authority="Chapman" authorityName="Chapman" box="[151,604,1591,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Capromyidae" genus="Geocapromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="columbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143626F96632F4BD8335" box="[151,461,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Geocapromys columbianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Chapman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plus scarce remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143625E86633F1578335" box="[902,1063,1593,1616]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143625E86633F1578335" box="[902,1063,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Tyto cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(W. Suárez unpubl. data). The existence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A15ACFFE81436274A6656F42F8310" box="[292,351,1628,1653]" name="Cuba" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
of large members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436243D6657F7F18311" box="[595,641,1629,1652]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436243D6657F7F18311" box="[595,641,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">Tyto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE81436248A6657F6148311" box="[740,868,1629,1652]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cravesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE81436248A6657F6148311" box="[740,868,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. cravesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and strigid owls of about the same size and larger (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFE8143626F06675F42D83FD" author="Arredondo" box="[158,349,1663,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" refString="Arredondo, O. (1976) The great predatory birds of the Pleistocene of Cuba. Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 27, 169 - 187." type="journal article" year="1976">Arredondo 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFE814362707668AF4D483FD" author="Arredondo" box="[361,420,1664,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" refString="Arredondo, O. (1982) Los Strigiformes fosiles del Pleistoceno cubano. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, 140, 33 - 55." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFE8143627DF668AF49C83FD" author="Arredondo" box="[433,492,1664,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" refString="Arredondo, O. (1984) Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depositos fosiliferos pleisto-holocenicos de Cuba. Reporte de Investigacion del Instituto de Zoologia, 17, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C28CDFFE8143627976675F66D83FD" author="Arredondo" box="[505,797,1663,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" refString="Arredondo, O. & Olson, S. L. (1994) A new species of owl of the genus Bubo from the Pleistocene of Cuba (Aves: Strigiformes). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 436 - 444." type="journal article" year="1994">Arredondo & Olson 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) probably contributed to the rarity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2EBFFFE8143622A1668BF04B83FD" box="[1231,1339,1663,1688]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pollens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979892EFFE8143622A1668BF04B83FD" box="[1231,1339,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="548">T. pollens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there in the late Pleistocene, but just how the almost staggering diversity of avian raptors may have partitioned their potential resources of prey remains to be explored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |