247 lines
35 KiB
XML
247 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4FAAC4DE22B84C7A613EDC4357680C85">Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35AE50FE31B75EA052B762A00D61EA8F">Grzymala, Traci L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C2B1024E30B05D2037CCFD2846C8482D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0FA81EEFFECFFD36F854D9F73ECF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,707,1784,1811]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B979EA90FFECFFD36F854D9F73ECF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,707,1784,1811]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFECFFD36F854D9F7364F8AE" authority="(Broun, 1910)" authorityName="Grzymala & Leschen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,587,1784,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Zenascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenarthrus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B979EA90FFECFFD36F854D9F70B8F8AF" bold="true" box="[151,407,1784,1811]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Zenascus xenarthrus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFECFFD36EB44D9E736DF8AE" author="Broun, T." box="[422,578,1784,1810]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref39271" refString="Broun, T. (1910) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. [Part I]. Bulletin of the New Zealand Institute, 1, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1910">Broun, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57EBFFECFFD36D4B4D9F73ECF8AF" box="[601,707,1785,1811]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176509FFECFFD36F854C7B7383F88B" box="[151,684,1821,1847]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB23682FFECFFD36F854C7B7383F88B" blockId="50.[151,707,1784,1847]" box="[151,684,1821,1847]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36F854C7B702FF88B" box="[151,256,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,787,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-291@31.[151,1436,777,1889]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 12A–E. Dorsal habitus images. (A) Zenascus antennalis (Broun), male; (B) Zenascus xenarthrus (Broun), male; (C) Zenascus roberti sp. n., male; (D) Zenascus luniger (Champion), male; (E) Zenascus incensum sp. n., male. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297842/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 12B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36E194C7B7012F88B" box="[267,317,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,181,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[268,1319,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 14A–J. Antennal illustrations for Zenascus species, male on left, female on right.(A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n.; (F) Z. antennalis; (G) Z. xenarthrus; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (I) Z. luniger; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297849/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">14G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36E5B4C7B7055F88B" box="[329,378,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 19" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,185,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-28@44.[151,1436,181,1397]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 19A–E. Scanning electron microscope images, Zenascus species, elytron, dorsal view. (A) Z. antennalis; (B) Z. xenarthrus; (C) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (D) Z. luniger; (E) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bars = 10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297859/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">19B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36E944C7B7096F88B" box="[390,441,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 20" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@45.[151,1436,181,1387]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 20A–J. Scanning electron microscope images, ventral view of metafemora for Zenascus species. (A) Z. coloratus, male; (B) Z. obscurus, male; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n., male; (D) Z. nitidus, female; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n., male; (F) Z. antennalis, female; (G) Z. xenarthrus, male; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n., male; (I) Z. luniger, male; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n., male. Scale bars = 60μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297861/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">20G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36ED64C7B70D9F88B" box="[452,502,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 22" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1163,1187]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1140]" captionTargetId="figure-17@47.[151,1436,181,1140]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 22A–E. Abdominal ventrite illustrations for Zenascus species showing generalized punctation pattern. (A) Z. antennalis, male; (B) Z. xenarthrus, male; (C) Z. roberti, sp. n., male; (D) Z. luniger, male; (E) Z. incensum, sp. n., male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297873/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">22B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36D134C7B731BF88B" box="[513,564,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 23" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[227,1359,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 23A–J. Male genitalia illustrations for Zenascus species. (A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n.; (F) Z. antennalis; (G) Z. xenarthrus; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (I) Z. luniger; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297877/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">23G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36D2D4C7B735FF88B" box="[575,624,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 24" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,183,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-28@50.[151,1436,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 24A–F. Scanning electron micrographs of gland pores on metafemur of Zenascus spp. (A) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (B) Z. antennalis; (C) Z. xenarthrus; (D) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (E) Z. luniger; (F) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bars = 2μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297881/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">24C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A07FFECFFD36D6E4C7B7383F88B" box="[636,684,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 27" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,193,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-28@54.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 27A–D. Distribution maps. (A) Zenascus aurum, sp. n., Zenascus incensum, sp. n., and Zenascus xenarthrus, (B) Zenascus coloratus, (C) Zenascus elenae, sp. n. and (D) Zenascus luniger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297887/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">27A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176509FFECFFD36F854C0774A4F8C5" box="[151,1419,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB23682FFECFFD36F854C0774A4F8C5" blockId="50.[151,1419,1889,1913]" box="[151,1419,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D11ACFFECFFD36F854C0774A4F8C5" box="[151,1419,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC1093FFECFFD36F854C077309F8C5" author="Broun, T." box="[151,550,1889,1913]" page="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFECFFD36F854C077309F8C5" authority="Broun, 1910: 54" authorityName="Broun" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,550,1889,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenarthrus">
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<emphasis id="B979EA90FFECFFD36F854C077057F8C5" box="[151,376,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Xylophilus xenarthrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFECFFD36E6C4C047309F8C5" author="Broun, T." box="[382,550,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref39271" refString="Broun, T. (1910) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. [Part I]. Bulletin of the New Zealand Institute, 1, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1910">Broun, 1910: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC1093FFECFFD36D234C07722CF8C5" author="Champion, G. C." box="[561,771,1889,1913]" page="48" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFECFFD36D234C07722CF8C5" author="Champion, G. C." box="[561,771,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref39507" refString="Champion, G. C. (1916) I. On new or little known Xylophilidae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 64 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1916. tb 03119. x" type="journal article" year="1916">Champion, 1916: 48</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC1093FFECFFD36C1C4C0772FDF8C5" author="Hudson, G. V." box="[782,978,1889,1913]" page="386" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFECFFD36C1C4C0772FDF8C5" author="Hudson, G. V." box="[782,978,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="353 - 399" refId="ref40029" refString="Hudson, G. V. (1923) An index of New Zealand beetles. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 54, 353 - 399. [1922]" type="journal article" year="1923">Hudson, 1923: 386</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC1093FFECFFD36CCF4C07758EF8C5" author="Hudson, G. V." box="[989,1185,1889,1913]" page="204" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1934">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFECFFD36CCF4C07758EF8C5" author="Hudson, G. V." box="[989,1185,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref40063" refString="Hudson, G. V. (1934) New Zealand beetles and their larvae: an elementary introduction to the study of our native Coleoptera, with seventeeen coloured plates. Ferguson & Osborn, Wellington, 236 pp., 17 pls." type="book" year="1934">Hudson, 1934: 204</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC1093FFECFFD36BBE4C0774A8F8C5" author="Maddison, P. M." box="[1196,1415,1889,1913]" page="428" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFECFFD36BBE4C0774A8F8C5" author="Maddison, P. M." box="[1196,1415,1889,1913]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref40799" refString="Maddison, P. M. (2010) Checklist of New Zealand Hexapoda. Order Coleoptera. [Chapter] NINE: Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda: Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 2. Kingdom Animalia. Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, pp. 233 - 467." type="book" year="2010">Maddison, 2010: 428</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176509FFECFFD26F854CC17583FF45" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB23682FFECFFD26F854CC17583FF45" blockId="50.[151,1436,1959,2022]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B979EA90FFECFFD36F854CC1703DF87D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1959,1985]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is separated from congeners by the biseriate pubescence of the elytra, the greatly modified antennae of males, the brunneous to piceus dorsal coloration, and the strongly impressed basal pronotal fovea.
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<emphasis id="B979EA90FFECFFD26A654CAA704CFF0D" italics="true" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Ze-nascus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFEDFFD26FF84BF1704CFF0D" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1910" box="[234,355,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenarthrus">xenarthrus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is most easily confused, especially for females, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFEDFFD26CA74BF17568FF0D" authorityName="Grzymala & Leschen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[949,1095,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Zenascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
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<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEDFFD26CA74BF17568FF0D" box="[949,1095,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Z. antennalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males are easily separated by the differences of their modified antennomeres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A07FFEDFFD26DA04BDD7241FF69" box="[690,878,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[268,1319,181,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[268,1319,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 14A–J. Antennal illustrations for Zenascus species, male on left, female on right.(A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n.; (F) Z. antennalis; (G) Z. xenarthrus; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (I) Z. luniger; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297849/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs 14F & 14G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both males and females can be distinguished by the elytral pubescence, which is uniseriate for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFEDFFD26D8D4BB9721EFF45" authorityName="Grzymala & Leschen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[671,817,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Zenascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEDFFD26D8D4BB9721EFF45" box="[671,817,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Z. antennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is biseriate for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFEDFFD26B1C4BB9758AFF45" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1910" box="[1038,1189,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenarthrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEDFFD26B1C4BB9758AFF45" box="[1038,1189,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Z. xenarthrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF72660AFFEDFFD26F8548B8735EFB82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4297883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4297883/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,990,1014]" targetBox="[157,1436,277,967]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB23682FFEDFFD26F8548B8735EFB82" blockId="51.[151,1436,990,1087]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEDFFD26F8548B8700FFC4A" bold="true" box="[151,288,990,1014]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
|
||
One of two most parsimonious trees recovered from Maximum Parsimony (MP) phylogenetic analysis based on 19 morphological characters for the New Zealand species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFEDFFD26DE94F657276FBA6" authorityName="Grzymala & Leschen" authorityYear="2020" box="[763,857,1027,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Zenascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEDFFD26DE94F657276FBA6" box="[763,857,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Zenascus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (L = 39; CI = 0.61; RI = 0.72). Numbers above branches indicate Bremer (Decay index) support values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176509FFEDFFD56FD54F0A72D7FD81" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB23682FFEDFFD56FD54F0A7038FE35" blockId="51.[151,1437,1132,2023]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEDFFD26FD54F0A7076FB3A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1132,1158]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEDFFD26EA94F0B734CFB3B" box="[443,611,1133,1159]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.84" metricValueMin="1.46" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.84" valueMin="1.46">1.46–1.84 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head, pronotum, elytra, and venter brunneous to castaneous; antennae, mouthparts, and legs testaceous to brunneous. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, with one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about 2× puncture length, with additional 2–3 decumbent, thin, shorter setae between each pair of punctures, length about 2/3× primary seta. Ventral vestiture similar to dosum, biseriate. Head, HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEDFFD26D104F9B7386FAAB" box="[514,681,1277,1304]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.51" valueMax="0.54" valueMin="0.48">0.48–0.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HL
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEDFFD26DF64F9B72A4FAAB" box="[740,907,1277,1303]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.255" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, punctation cosnsiting of few, deep punctures, unevenly spaced on vertex, absent from base to posterior edge of eyes; a moderate impression present between antennal ridge and vertex. Anteannae with distance between antennal insertions narrow, approximately equal to diameter of 1.5 antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ¼ of elytra when extended backward; scape broad and flattened, approximately 3× length of pedicel; pedicel transverse, width greater than length; antennomere 3 minute, shorter than pedicel and shorter than antennomere 4, only visible with high magnification; antennomere 4 dorso-ventrally flattened, elongate, length 3.5× width, longer than antennomere 5; antennomeres 5 and 6 subequal in width, antennomere 5 slightly longer than antennomere 6, both inwardly curved; antennomeres 7–9 dorso-ventrally flattened, apex approximately 2× width of base, inner apices expanded; antennomere 10 width subequal to length; anennomere 11 length 2× antennomere 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, antennomeres 10–11 with additional pilosity. Pronotum, PW
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEDFFD26C534D0372C9F9C3" box="[833,998,1637,1663]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
, PL
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEDFFD26B054D037593F9C3" box="[1047,1212,1637,1663]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.37" valueMax="0.41" valueMin="0.33">0.33–0.41 mm</quantity>
|
||
, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.06–1.09× length; pronotal width 0.54–0.60× elytral width, pronotal width 0.75–0.81× head width; slightly sinuate; disc with two strongly impressed basal fovea, a slight transverse sulcus present just anterad of center; punctation consisting of deep, elongate punctures, unevenly spaced, separated by an average of 1.5 punctural lengths. Elytra 1.81–1.91× longer than wide and 3.42–3.53× longer than pronotal length, EW
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEDFFD26E324C7F70E8F88F" box="[288,455,1817,1844]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.675" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEDFFD26EEC4C7F738AF88F" box="[510,677,1817,1843]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2799999999999998" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.2799999999999998" valueMax="1.43" valueMin="1.13">1.13–1.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
; slightly impressed, oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation consisting of elongate punctures, separated by an average of 1.5 punctural lenths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 approximately 2–3× longer than tarsomere 1, without a ventral short, stout spine; tarsomere 3 with ventral adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg with numerous deep, elongate punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation extending entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral length of ventrite 2 greater than its medial length; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and basal margin of ventrite 1, medially on ventrite 2 and several scattered on ventrite 3; small, shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, laterally delimited from apicale, without distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowed, tip expanded, with apex rounded; accessory lobes present, subequal thickness at base and apex; with four setae confined to accessory lobe apex; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB23682FFEAFFD56FD54AF572D7FD81" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEAFFD56FD54AF5701FFE11" bold="true" box="[199,304,403,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Females.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEAFFD56E834AF570D6FE11" box="[401,505,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEAFFD56D2F4AF4738AFE11" box="[573,677,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.51">0.51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HL
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEAFFD56DCD4AF57268FE11" box="[735,839,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
, PW
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEAFFD56C944AF572C1FE11" box="[902,1006,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
, PL
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEAFFD56B364AF475A4FE11" box="[1060,1163,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EW
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEAFFD56BDE4AF4741BFE11" box="[1228,1332,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B67FFEAFFD56A794AF471E9FE6D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.35">1.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions narrow, approximately equal to diameter of two antennal insertions; scape longer than wide, slightly flattened; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 longer and about ½ width of pedicel, antennomere 3–7 subequal in width and length; antennomeres 8–11 each shorter than antennomere 7, each subsequent antennomere becoming slightly wider, forming a weak club.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176509FFEAFFD56FD549217235FC85" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB23682FFEAFFD56FD5492171DCFD71" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEAFFD56FD549217014FDDD" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,609]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Because of the modified antennae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFEAFFD56DDC49217249FDDD" author="Broun, T." box="[718,870,583,609]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref39271" refString="Broun, T. (1910) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. [Part I]. Bulletin of the New Zealand Institute, 1, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1910">Broun (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that this species be placed in a separate genus but refrained due to the specimen being damaged. This is Broun species 3117, which was based on a single male damaged specimen from Raurimu collected in 1909 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B73FFEAFFD56C7449E972DBFD15" author="Broun, T." box="[870,1012,655,681]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref39271" refString="Broun, T. (1910) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. [Part I]. Bulletin of the New Zealand Institute, 1, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1910">Broun 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68820FFEAFFD56B2C49E9758FFD15" box="[1086,1184,655,681]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was confirmed in the BMNH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB23682FFEAFFD56FD549B17235FC85" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEAFFD56FD549B170AAFD4C" bold="true" box="[199,389,726,753]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a relatively uncommon species that is widespread in the North Island. This species has been primarily collected using Malaise traps but has also been acquired through beating vegetation at night, on the underside of a log on the forest floor, and in a pitfall trap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176509FFEAFFD56FD5482470FAFC3D" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB23682FFEAFFD56FD5482470FAFC3D" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEAFFD56FD54824704EFCE0" bold="true" box="[199,353,834,860]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B653CDFFFEAFFD56E78482570FAFC3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2989339316" country="New Zealand" location="North Island" municipality="Wanganui" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Auckland">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEAFFD56E784825733FFCE1" bold="true" box="[362,528,835,861]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<location id="8ED26059FFEAFFD56E7848257324FCE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A48794FFECFFD56F854D9F72FFFC51:8ED26059FFEAFFD56E7848257324FCE1" box="[362,523,835,861]" municipality="Wanganui" name="North Island" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Auckland">North Island</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8ED26059FFEAFFD56D0B482573A4FCE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A48794FFECFFD56F854D9F72FFFC51:8ED26059FFEAFFD56D0B482573A4FCE1" box="[537,651,835,861]" municipality="Wanganui" name="Northland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Auckland">Northland</location>
|
||
(ND),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9F860FFEAFFD56DCD48257263FCE1" box="[735,844,835,861]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Auckland</collectingRegion>
|
||
(AK),
|
||
<location id="8ED26059FFEAFFD56CB048257538FCE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A48794FFECFFD56F854D9F72FFFC51:8ED26059FFEAFFD56CB048257538FCE1" box="[930,1047,835,861]" municipality="Wanganui" name="Rangitikei" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Auckland">Rangitikei</location>
|
||
(RI),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD6ACF8FFEAFFD56B4D482575FFFCE1" box="[1119,1232,835,861]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Wanganui</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(WI),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD6ACF8FFEAFFD56A32482574B3FCE1" box="[1312,1436,835,861]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Wellington</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(WN), and
|
||
<location id="8ED26059FFEAFFD56E07480170A8FC3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A48794FFECFFD56F854D9F72FFFC51:8ED26059FFEAFFD56E07480170A8FC3D" box="[277,391,871,897]" municipality="Wanganui" name="Wairarapa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Auckland">Wairarapa</location>
|
||
(WA).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176509FFEAFFD56FD548ED72FFFC51" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB23682FFEAFFD56FD548ED72FFFC51" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EA90FFEAFFD56FD548ED70DFFC18" bold="true" box="[199,496,906,933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B653CDFFFEAFFD56EE548ED72FFFC51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2988225325" collectionCode="BMNH" country="New Zealand" determinerName="J. C. Watt" location="New Zealand" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68820FFEAFFD56EE548ED734DFC19" box="[503,610,907,933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BFD0BFFEAFFD56D7C48ED738BFC19" box="[622,676,907,933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE47FFEAFFD56DA148ED7221FC19" box="[691,782,907,933]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
): “3117 //
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7612FFEAFFD56C9148ED7532FC19" box="[899,1053,907,933]" name="New Zealand" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922- 482. // Raurimu / Jany. 1909. [handwritten] //
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFEAFFD56D8B48C9723AFC75" box="[665,789,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ xenarthrus [handwritten] // HOLOTYPE [male symbol] / “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D01FFEAFFD56FA248B5701DFC51" box="[176,306,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Xylophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” / xenarthrus / Broun [handwritten] / det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E6EDA46FFEAFFD56C1A48B57241FC51" box="[776,878,979,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">J.C. Watt</determinerName>
|
||
/ 1985”.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |