355 lines
64 KiB
XML
355 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="395504F495FE9C3FE06CC60D1119FB5E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27b0a730-9b28-4276-b74c-ec0ca0fb0740" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="290024" ID-ZooBank="5A09E35D-3019-4F99-8A77-B7E2E637804D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461341477193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dollin, Anne E., Dollin, Leslie J. & Rasmussen, Claus" docDate="2015" docId="03DF87DDA316FFBB8589E9D33DA7FD46" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04047p073.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4047 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Austroplebeia" docType="key" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFE6FFA5A301FFA3851EEA3E383BFFC4" masterDocTitle="Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) — a revision" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698620298085" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E7D2F87BE23CDA4C41B3DC8391296693">Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) — a revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0EDAD82000E4B2D2B6997B4B9C4CD8D9">Dollin, Anne E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E24D9C06E96A63BE764C13FB8A28F224">Dollin, Leslie J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1BB317D61F318C382BDFE8852551D928">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="260F27FF6CE91032181A1D3C0C389E4E">Rasmussen, Claus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5D241F6CB6C5846DA3151493D812BFE7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8EC80A48BE4B4108CD4F9F1B268058C5">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="68622F9E04698BFF2D5DCCE4E0C27789">4047</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1ABBDD82AE3FD209E09770A396A3D9FC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B721F787247B21AFACB394EEF87A1039" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF87DDA316FFBB8589E9D33DA7FD46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097065" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127694288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097065" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87DDA316FFBB8589E9D33DA7FD46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87DDA316FFBB8589E9D33DA7FD46" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6540A316FFB48589E9D3390FFA32" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB48589E9D33A98FBC2" blockId="23.[151,675,1004,1031]" box="[151,675,1004,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D08181A7A316FFB48589E9D33A98FBC2" bold="true" box="[151,675,1004,1031]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB48589E9D33A98FBC2" bold="true" box="[151,675,1004,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Key to workers of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB484E5E9D23A98FBC2" ID-CoL="36GB" box="[507,675,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB484E5E9D23A98FBC2" bold="true" box="[507,675,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB48589EE133D21FB12" blockId="23.[151,1437,1069,1526]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB48589EE133930FB82" bold="true" box="[151,267,1069,1094]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
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In the workers,
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB484CCEE133A54FB82" box="[466,623,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB484CCEE133A54FB82" box="[466,623,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are most reliably identified using a series of mature foragers collected from a nest. The colour distinctions given in this key are relatively easy to see but can be misleading in individual specimens. Within a nest there are often workers with unusually dull or bright maculations (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48009EE4B3D60FB4A" box="[1303,1371,1141,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,851,873]" captionTargetBox="[163,1414,205,822]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[157,1429,193,830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Number of different thorax colour marking grades found amongst workers within individual colonies of Austroplebeia. Data are based on 122 colonies and scores of 10 – 49 workers per colony." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290030/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). The most common colouration pattern seen in a series of nest-mates provides the most reliable species identification. Colour maculations and bristle colouration may also be under-developed in younger callow specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9EEDF3AA0FAA2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1069,1526]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">The head width and HBW measurements provide more reliable identifications of individual specimens than the colour distinctions. Where the size ranges overlap, the colouration, pilosity and geographic origin of the specimen should be considered. The distributions given in some couplets are not mutually exclusive but are provided to help determine the correct choice.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9EF4F390FFA32" blockId="23.[151,1437,1069,1526]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Where these combined characters do not provide sufficiently clear identification, examination of worker sting rudiments (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48409EFAB3954FA6A" box="[279,367,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,921,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[184,1405,913,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 15. Worker sting rudiments metric data: ratio of maximum length of sting lancet (A) and shoulder width of gonostyli (B) in all Austroplebeia taxa. Data points are averages for 1 – 3 workers per nest or flower sample. 1. The geographically isolated colony, F 31, from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has colouring and HTW / HBW similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph. 2. Colonies C 58 and D 55 from the ‘ intermediate’ group of Halcroft et al. (2015) which are consistent with A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph in this analysis. 3. CS- 8 workers, with Grade 4 Thorax Colour Markings, collected from flowers in the MacDonnell Ranges, NT. They are consistent with A. australis – Central Colour Morph in this analysis, despite their relatively dark colouration. 4. GS- 10 workers collected from flowers on the far western edge of the A. cassiae range. 5. NS- 7 workers collected from flowers on the far eastern edge of the A. magna sp. nov. range. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290039/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48462EFAB39A2FA6A" box="[380,409,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,197,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[213,1361,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 16. Austroplebeia worker sting rudiments: a, A. cincta NG; b. A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; f, A. australis – Western Colour Morph; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. All drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: Gon—gonostylus; Sty—sting stylet (bulb); Lan—sting lancet (first valvula or first ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290040/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">16</figureCitation>
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) may be necessary. If available, male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB486A1EFAB3C28FA6A" box="[959,1043,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1495,1517]" captionTargetBox="[335,1251,197,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[327,1259,193,1474]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 21. Austroplebeia male genitalia. Figs a – c. Genitalia, dorsal view on left, ventral view on right: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. magna sp. nov. Figs d – e. Apical abdomen and protruding parts of genitalia, viewed laterally, as visible in many pinned male specimens: d, A. essingtoni, showing distinct curve in apical gonostylus; e. A. magna sp. nov., with gently curved apical gonostylus. Figs a – c drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: Pen—penis valve; Gon—gonostylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290045/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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), male mesepisternal pilosity (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48071EFAB3888FA16" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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e–g) or queen metasomal pilosity (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48759EF873AA1FA16" box="[583,666,1465,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1390,808,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,808,1568]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pilosity on apical part of Austroplebeia queen abdomen, viewed laterally: a, A. cassiae; b, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290051/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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) in specimens obtained from the same colony may assist in species identification.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6540A316FFBB8589EC1B3DA7FD46" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="key">
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<keyStep id="30822E6EA316FFB48589EC1B3DA7F92E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB48589EC1B3DA0F956" blockId="23.[151,1437,1573,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<keyLead id="308795FEA316FFB48589EC1B3DA0F956" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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1. Metepisternum with yellow-brown to yellow maculation (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48609EC1B3B5BF9FE" box="[791,864,1573,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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a). Paraocular area with cream to yellow maculation along orbital margins extending well above antennal sockets (Face Grades 9–14,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB486B1EC7C3BD1F993" box="[943,1002,1602,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB486E8EC7C3C35F993" box="[1014,1038,1602,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22</figureCitation>
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a–b). Frons and mesepisternum with fine simple hair, lacking plumose hair or nearly so (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB487B7EC5E3AC9F9B1" box="[681,754,1632,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 22</figureCitation>
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a–b, 25a). Distribution: New
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<collectingCountry id="F361765BA316FFB4810AEC5E3C62F9B1" box="[1044,1113,1632,1653]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and northeastern QLD,
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<collectingCountry id="F361765BA316FFB4805AEC5E3DA7F9B1" box="[1348,1436,1632,1653]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB485F6EC433915F956" box="[232,302,1661,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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a)............................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB481CBEC423DA0F956" ID-CoL="JXTZ" authority="Mocsary" authorityName="Mocsary" box="[1237,1435,1660,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB481CBEC423DA0F956" bold="true" box="[1237,1435,1660,1682]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB481CBEC423D16F956" bold="true" box="[1237,1325,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. cincta</emphasis>
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(Mocsáry)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB48589ECA43DA7F92E" blockId="23.[151,1437,1573,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<keyLead id="308795FEA316FFB48589ECA43DA7F92E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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- Metepisternal maculation absent (except in rare highly-coloured
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB4864FECA43BF6F974" ID-CoL="689H2" box="[849,973,1690,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB4864FECA43BF6F974" box="[849,973,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens) (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48153ECA43CAFF96B" box="[1101,1172,1690,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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b). Paraocular area maculation absent or usually not extending above level of antennal sockets (Face Grades 0–8,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48133EC863C52F909" box="[1069,1129,1720,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB4816BEC863CB6F909" box="[1141,1165,1720,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22</figureCitation>
|
||
c–f). Frons and mesepisternum with simple hair admixed with plumose hair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB487DBECEB3B35F92E" box="[709,782,1749,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
c–f, 25 b). Distribution: WA, NT, QLD, NSW...............
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB4808EECEA3DA7F92E" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1748,1770]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30822E6EA316FFB48589ECCC3DA7F85E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB48589ECCC3DA6F886" blockId="23.[151,1437,1573,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA316FFB48589ECCC3DA6F886" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
2(1). Clypeus with an extensive cream maculation (Face Grades usually 5–6, ranging 4–8,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB4810AECCC3C74F8C3" box="[1044,1103,1778,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48145ECCC3C53F8C3" box="[1115,1128,1778,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,977,999]" captionTargetBox="[212,1379,203,947]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1384,193,957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in worker face colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 300 workers from 114 colonies, in addition to 50 workers from 10 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB4816DECCC3CB5F8C3" box="[1139,1166,1778,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Small bees, head width ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB485FFED2E390DF8E1" box="[225,310,1808,1829]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.67">1.67 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB4845DED2E39B1F8E1" box="[323,394,1808,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,910,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,900,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ratio of head width and extent of thorax colour marking in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data from 121 colonies are shown, in addition to five flower samples from A. australis – Western Colour Morph and one A. australis flower sample with mixed Western / Central characteristics. Data points are averages from 10 – 49 workers per colony, or 5 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from eight individual type specimens are also shown. The T. symei and T. ornata types, in which the eyes are collapsed preventing accurate head width measurement, are not shown. The T. essingtoni holotype has a missing head, so data from the paratype are shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290034/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), forewing including tegula ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB487B3ED2E3AC3F8E1" box="[685,760,1808,1829]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HBW usually ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB48680ED2E3BC8F8E1" box="[926,1011,1808,1829]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB4811EED2E3C7DF8E1" box="[1024,1094,1808,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution: WA, NT (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48029ED2E3D46F8E1" box="[1335,1405,1808,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
b)................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB481BAED123DA6F886" ID-CoL="689H2" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[1188,1437,1836,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB481BAED123DA6F886" bold="true" box="[1188,1437,1836,1858]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB481BAED123D1FF886" bold="true" box="[1188,1316,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Cockerell)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB48589ED743DA7F85E" blockId="23.[151,1437,1573,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA316FFB48589ED743DA7F85E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
- Clypeus maculation restricted to lower margin or absent (Face Grades 0–4, rarely 5,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48119ED743C79F89B" box="[1031,1090,1866,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48150ED743C60F89B" box="[1102,1115,1866,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,977,999]" captionTargetBox="[212,1379,203,947]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1384,193,957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in worker face colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 300 workers from 114 colonies, in addition to 50 workers from 10 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB4817BED743C46F89B" box="[1125,1149,1866,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22</figureCitation>
|
||
d–f). Larger bees, head width ≥
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB485EBED563976F8B9" box="[245,333,1896,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.59">1.59 mm</quantity>
|
||
, usually>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB484A9ED563A36F8B9" box="[439,525,1896,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.65">1.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48705ED563A58F8B9" box="[539,611,1896,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,910,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,900,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ratio of head width and extent of thorax colour marking in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data from 121 colonies are shown, in addition to five flower samples from A. australis – Western Colour Morph and one A. australis flower sample with mixed Western / Central characteristics. Data points are averages from 10 – 49 workers per colony, or 5 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from eight individual type specimens are also shown. The T. symei and T. ornata types, in which the eyes are collapsed preventing accurate head width measurement, are not shown. The T. essingtoni holotype has a missing head, so data from the paratype are shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290034/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), forewing including tegula ≥
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB48697ED563BEDF8B9" box="[905,982,1896,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HBW ≥
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB4812CED563CB3F8B9" box="[1074,1160,1896,1917]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48188ED563CE7F8B9" box="[1174,1244,1896,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution: WA, NT, QLD, NSW......................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB4808EEDBA3DA7F85E" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1924,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30822E6EA316FFBB8589ED9C3DA7FF0E" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB48589ED9C3DA0F836" blockId="23.[151,1437,1573,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA316FFB48589ED9C3DA0F836" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
3(2). Thorax markings usually Grade 2–11 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48749ED9C3AADF873" box="[599,662,1954,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB487BCED9C3A8BF873" box="[674,688,1954,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotal collar and legs usually with cream or yellow maculations. Bristles on inner basitarsus III gold or pale gold. HBW mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB487EDEDFE3B73F811" box="[755,840,1984,2005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB4868FEDFE3C24F811" box="[913,1055,1984,2005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4499999999999997" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.345" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=361) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48165EDFE3CFBF811" box="[1147,1216,1984,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB486CBEDE23CA0F836" ID-CoL="JXTX" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[981,1179,2012,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB486CBEDE23CA0F836" bold="true" box="[981,1179,2012,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB486CBEDE23C7DF836" bold="true" box="[981,1094,2012,2034]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
(Friese)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB481A7EDE23CFEF836" bold="true" box="[1209,1221,2012,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">4</emphasis>
|
||
(three colour morphs)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA319FFBB8589EAA93DA7FF0E" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA319FFBB8589EAA93DA7FF0E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
- Thorax markings usually Grades 0–2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8750EAA93AB0FF68" box="[590,651,151,172]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8788EAA93A9FFF68" box="[662,676,151,172]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotal collar and legs usually lacking cream or yellow maculations. Bristles on inner basitarsus III brown or slightly brown. HBW mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB8626EA8B3BB6FF0E" box="[824,909,181,202]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.41">0.41 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB86C8EA8B3C5FFF0E" box="[982,1124,181,202]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.699999999999999" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.41" valueMax="0.47" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=173) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB81DEEA8B3D3FFF0E" box="[1216,1284,181,202]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).........
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB808EEA8A3DA7FF0E" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,180,202]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">6</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30822E6EA319FFBB8589EAEC3DA7FE99" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA319FFBB8589EAEC3DA7FEE6" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA319FFBB8589EAEC3DA7FEE6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
4(3). Thorax markings usually Grades 9–11 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB877CEAEC3A9AFF23" box="[610,673,210,231]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB87B3EAEC3A80FF23" box="[685,699,210,231]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). All tibiae usually with cream maculations. HBW mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB801FEAEC3D6CFF23" box="[1281,1367,210,231]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB85FFEAD13954FEC0" box="[225,367,239,260]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1999999999999993" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.31999999999999995" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=139) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB84D4EAD13A2BFEC0" box="[458,528,239,260]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution: northeastern WA, NT and western QLD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8130EAD13C4FFEC0" box="[1070,1140,239,260]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
c).............................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB812AEB323DA7FEE6" bold="true" box="[1076,1436,268,290]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A319FFBB812AEB323C9EFEE6" ID-CoL="JXTX" box="[1076,1189,268,290]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB812AEB323C9EFEE6" bold="true" box="[1076,1189,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–Central Colour Morph
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA319FFBB8589EB143DA7FE99" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA319FFBB8589EB143DA7FE99" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
- Thorax markings usually Grades 2–10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB877CEB143A9BFEFB" box="[610,672,298,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB87B2EB143A81FEFB" box="[684,698,298,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg maculations limited to a basal spot on tibia I. HBW mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB805BEB143DA0FEFB" box="[1349,1435,298,319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.36">0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB843AEB793989FE98" box="[292,434,327,348]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.365" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.33">0.33–0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=220) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8713EB793A6FFE98" box="[525,596,327,348]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution: QLD, NSW or far northern WA..............................
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB808EEB793DA7FE99" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,327,349]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">5</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30822E6EA319FFBB8589EB5B3DA7FE16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA319FFBB8589EB5B3DA7FE5C" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA319FFBB8589EB5B3DA7FE5C" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
5(4). Thorax markings usually Grades 2–5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8753EB5B3AB1FEBE" box="[589,650,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB878AEB5B3A99FEBE" box="[660,674,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral scape lacking cream maculations. Distribution: QLD, NSW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB805EEB5B3DBFFEBE" box="[1344,1412,357,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
c)......................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB812DEBBC3DA7FE5C" bold="true" box="[1075,1436,386,408]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB812DEBBC3C8BFE5C" bold="true" box="[1075,1200,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A319FFBB812DEBBC3C9FFE5C" ID-CoL="JXTX" box="[1075,1188,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">A. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Eastern Colour Morph
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA319FFBB8589EBA13DA7FE16" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA319FFBB8589EBA13DA7FE16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
- Thorax markings usually Grades 4, 9 or 10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8793EBA13AF0FE70" box="[653,715,415,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB87C8EBA13ADFFE70" box="[726,740,415,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral scape often with cream maculations. Distribution: far northern WA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB840DEB833962FE16" box="[275,345,445,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
c)..........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB8133EB823DA7FE16" bold="true" box="[1069,1436,444,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB8133EB823C91FE16" bold="true" box="[1069,1194,444,466]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A319FFBB8133EB823CA5FE16" ID-CoL="JXTX" box="[1069,1182,444,466]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">A. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Western Colour Morph
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30822E6EA319FFBB8589EBE43DA7FD46" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA319FFBB8589EBE43DA6FDEE" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA319FFBB8589EBE43DA6FDEE" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
6(3). Plumose hair on clypeus usually dense, integument barely visible among hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB86C0EBE43C1DFE2B" box="[990,1062,474,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Bristles on scutellum usually coarse and opaque brown. HBW mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB8737EBC93A45FDC8" box="[553,638,503,524]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB87D6EBC93B6EFDC8" box="[712,853,503,524]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.395" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=131) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB86AFEBC93BCCFDC8" box="[945,1015,503,524]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution: QLD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB81D6EBC93D36FDC8" box="[1224,1293,503,524]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
d)............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A319FFBB81DFE82A3DA6FDEE" ID-CoL="JXTY" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[1217,1437,532,554]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB81DFE82A3DA6FDEE" bold="true" box="[1217,1437,532,554]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB81DFE82A3D18FDEE" bold="true" box="[1217,1315,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
(Cockerell)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA319FFBB8589E80C3DA7FD46" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="308795FEA319FFBB8589E80C3DA7FD46" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
- Plumose hair on clypeus usually more sparse, integument moderately visible among hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8178E80C3C8BFD83" box="[1126,1200,562,583]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
f). Bristles on scutellum finer with a slight brown tinge or pale. HBW mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB87FEE8713B0EFDA0" box="[736,821,591,612]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA319FFBB8660E8713C37FDA0" box="[894,1036,591,612]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.699999999999999" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.43" valueMax="0.47" valueMin="0.39">0.39–0.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=42) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB8145E8713C9AFDA0" box="[1115,1185,591,612]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution: NT and far northwestern QLD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA319FFBB84BCE85339D3FD46" box="[418,488,621,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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d).............................................................
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB81F7E8523DA7FD46" bold="true" box="[1257,1436,620,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A319FFBB81F7E8523D72FD46" ID-CoL="5VXGP" box="[1257,1353,620,642]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A319FFBB81F7E8523D72FD46" bold="true" box="[1257,1353,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. magna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A2A319FFBB8051E8523DA7FD46" box="[1359,1436,620,642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |