346 lines
38 KiB
XML
346 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2734" ID-PMC="PMC3310194" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-10-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDEFFB2FFCC5E0D8269FFD7FFD28A31" ID-PubMed="22461730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576110" ModsDocID="1314-2003-10-25" checkinTime="1451252035118" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Saarela, Jeffery M." docDate="2012" docId="A3438CF81E3051FA8BEC6FA7F2D01661" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 10: 25-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 10" docPubDate="2012-03-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2734" docTitle="Spartina pectinata Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1 (3): 92 - 93. 1820. Type." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFDEFFB2FFCC5E0D8269FFD7FFD28A31" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFDEFFB2FFCC5E0D8269FFD7FFD28A31" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic synopsis of invasive and native Spartina (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) in the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia, Washington and Oregon), including the first report of Spartina xtownsendii for British Columbia, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1668138964632" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic synopsis of invasive and native Spartina (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) in the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia, Washington and Oregon), including the first report of Spartina xtownsendii for British Columbia, Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saarela, Jeffery M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P. O. Box 3443 Stn. D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jsaarela@mus-nature.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-03-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
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<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2734</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-10-25</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDEFFB2FFCC5E0D8269FFD7FFD28A31</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576110</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229444" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3438CF81E3051FA8BEC6FA7F2D01661" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3438CF81E3051FA8BEC6FA7F2D01661" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A3438CF8-1E30-51FA-8BEC-6FA7F2D01661" authority="Link, Jahrb. Gewaechsk. 1 (3): 92 - 93. 1820. Type." authorityName="Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1 (3): 92 - 93. 1820. Type." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina pectinata" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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Spartina pectinata Link, Jahrb.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gewächsk">Gewaechsk</normalizedToken>
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. 1(3): 92-93. 1820. Type.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">Spartina pectinata</taxonomicName>
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Link, Jahrb.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gewächsk">Gewaechsk</normalizedToken>
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. 1(3): 92-93. 1820.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Type</emphasis>
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. United States of America:Aus Nordamerika, Bosc s.n. (holotype: B; isotype: US-92011! (fragm. ex B)).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cynosuroides">Spartina cynosuroides</taxonomicName>
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fo.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">major</emphasis>
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St.-Yves, Candollea 5: 61, 62. 1932.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Type.</emphasis>
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Illinois: marais, Aug 1846, Riehl 488 (lectotype: P [P02243295!], here designated).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hitchc" authorityYear="1908" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxiana">Spartina michauxiana</taxonomicName>
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Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12(3): 153. 1908.
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<taxonomicName genus="Spartinacynosuroides" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Spartinacynosuroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">michauxiana</emphasis>
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(Hitchc.) St.-Yves, Candollea 5: 58, t. 3, f. a-7. 1932.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Type.</emphasis>
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United States of America. Illinois: hauteurs des terres, Michaux s.n. (holotype: P, not seen). Note:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hitchc" authorityYear="1908" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Spartina michauxiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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following
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<bibRefCitation author="Hitchcock, AS" journalOrPublisher="Bartonia" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.5731" refId="B74" refString="Hitchcock, AS, 1951. Manual of grasses of the United States (ed. 2, revised by A. Chase). Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. ., 10.5962/bhl.title.5731" title="Manual of grasses of the United States (ed. 2, revised by A. Chase). Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. C." url="10.5962/bhl.title.5731" year="1951">Hitchcock (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Mobberley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Iowa State College Journal of Science" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="471 - 564" refId="B99" refString="Mobberley, DG, 1956. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina. Iowa State College Journal of Science 30: 471 - 564" title="Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina." volume="30" year="1956">Mobberley (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hitchc" authorityYear="1908" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxiana">Spartina michauxiana</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">suttiei</emphasis>
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Farw., Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci 21: 352.1920.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">suttiei</emphasis>
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(Farw.) Fernald, Rhodora 35: 260. 1933.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Type.</emphasis>
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United
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="47" start="start">States</pageBreakToken>
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of America. Michigan: Island Lake, 16 Jul 1905, Farwell 1487a (holotype: probably BLH; isotype:GH [GH24445!]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hitchc" authorityYear="1908" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxiana">Spartina michauxiana</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">tenuior</emphasis>
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Farw., Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci 21: 352.1920.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Type</emphasis>
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. United States of America. Michigan: River Rouge, 15 Sep 1918, Farwell 5138 (holotype: probably BLH; isotype: MICH [MICH1108792!]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">Spartina pectinata</taxonomicName>
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fo.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">variegata</emphasis>
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Vict., Naturaliste Canad. 71: 209. 1944.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Type</emphasis>
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. CANADA. Quebec: Ile Parrot (archipel
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Hochelaga’">d'Hochelaga'</normalizedToken>
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sur le lac St-Louis), 12 Jul 1941, Victorin & Rolland 56603 (holotype: MT, not seen).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
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See
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<bibRefCitation author="Mobberley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Iowa State College Journal of Science" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="471 - 564" refId="B99" refString="Mobberley, DG, 1956. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina. Iowa State College Journal of Science 30: 471 - 564" title="Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina." volume="30" year="1956">Mobberley (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Barkworth, ME" editor="Barkworth, ME" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" pagination="240 - 250" refId="B17" refString="Barkworth, ME, 2003. Spartina Schreb. In: Barkworth, ME, Capels, KM, Long, S, Piep, MB, Eds., Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press: 240 - 250" title="Spartina Schreb." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2." year="2003">Barkworth (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Douglas, GW" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Field-Naturalist" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Douglas, GW, Meidinger, D, Pojar, J, 2001. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 7. Monocotyledons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae). British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/66A2fjppD)." title="Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 7. Monocotyledons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae). British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. (Archived by WebCite ® at http: // www. webcitation. org / 66 A 2 fjppD)" year="2001">Douglas et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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. 2
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
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= 40 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchant, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Coastal Research" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" publicationUrl="10.1038/199929a0" refId="B90" refString="Marchant, CJ, 1963. Corrected chromosome numbers for Spartina xtownsendii and its parent species. Nature 199: 929. ., 10.1038/199929a0" title="Corrected chromosome numbers for Spartina xtownsendii and its parent species. Nature 199: 929." url="10.1038/199929a0" year="1963">Marchant 1963</bibRefCitation>
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, 1968b,
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<bibRefCitation author="Reeder, JR" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="33" pageNumber="58" pagination="102 - 110" publicationUrl="10.2307/2441882" refId="B118" refString="Reeder, JR, 1977. Chromosome numbers in western grasses. American Journal of Botany 64: 102 - 110, 10.2307/2441882" title="Chromosome numbers in western grasses." url="10.2307/2441882" volume="64" year="1977">Reeder 1977</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="common name">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Prairie cordgrass.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
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The epithet
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">pectinata</emphasis>
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means comb-like or tooth-like, and was given in reference to the distinctly pectinate teeth on the glume keels of
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, one of its diagnostic characteristics.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="illustrations">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Illustrations.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hitchcock, AS" journalOrPublisher="Bartonia" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" refId="B73" refString="Hitchcock, AS, 1935. Manual of the grasses of the United States. Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C." title="Manual of the grasses of the United States. Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C." year="1935">Hitchcock 1935</bibRefCitation>
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:490,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hitchcock, AS" journalOrPublisher="Bartonia" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.5731" refId="B74" refString="Hitchcock, AS, 1951. Manual of grasses of the United States (ed. 2, revised by A. Chase). Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. ., 10.5962/bhl.title.5731" title="Manual of grasses of the United States (ed. 2, revised by A. Chase). Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. C." url="10.5962/bhl.title.5731" year="1951">Hitchcock 1951</bibRefCitation>
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:510,
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<bibRefCitation author="Holmgren, NH" journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle and London" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" refId="B76" refString="Holmgren, NH, Holmgren, PK, McCauley, KM, 1998. The illustrated companion to Gleason and Cronquist's manual: illustrations of the vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York." title="The illustrated companion to Gleason and Cronquist's manual: illustrations of the vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York." year="1998">Holmgren et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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:749,
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<bibRefCitation author="Barkworth, ME" editor="Barkworth, ME" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" pagination="240 - 250" refId="B17" refString="Barkworth, ME, 2003. Spartina Schreb. In: Barkworth, ME, Capels, KM, Long, S, Piep, MB, Eds., Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press: 240 - 250" title="Spartina Schreb." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2." year="2003">Barkworth 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
:251,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cope, T" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Society of the British Isles, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refId="B38" refString="Cope, T, Gray, A, 2009. Grasses of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London, 612 pp." title="Grasses of the British Isles." year="2009">Cope and Gray 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
:553.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is widespread across much of North America north of Mexico, distributed in southern Alberta, eastern Washington and Oregon, south to Texas, and east to Newfoundland and Labrador (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barkworth, ME" editor="Barkworth, ME" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" pagination="240 - 250" refId="B17" refString="Barkworth, ME, 2003. Spartina Schreb. In: Barkworth, ME, Capels, KM, Long, S, Piep, MB, Eds., Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press: 240 - 250" title="Spartina Schreb." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2." year="2003">Barkworth 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It grows in marshes, slough and floodplains, in dry prairies and along roads (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barkworth, ME" editor="Barkworth, ME" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" pagination="240 - 250" refId="B17" refString="Barkworth, ME, 2003. Spartina Schreb. In: Barkworth, ME, Capels, KM, Long, S, Piep, MB, Eds., Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press: 240 - 250" title="Spartina Schreb." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2." year="2003">Barkworth 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is known from a few scattered sites in Britain and Ireland where it has been introduced and escaped from cultivation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope, T" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Society of the British Isles, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refId="B38" refString="Cope, T, Gray, A, 2009. Grasses of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London, 612 pp." title="Grasses of the British Isles." year="2009">Cope and Gray 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is not considered to be a problematic invasive species, though it has been introduced sporadically to other regions, such as the United Kingdom. It occurs natively in eastern Washington and Oregon (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hitchcock, CL" journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle and London" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" refId="B75" refString="Hitchcock, CL, Cronquist, A, Ownbey, M, Thompson, JW, 1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular cryptogams, gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 914 pp." title="Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular cryptogams, gymnosperms, and monocotyledons." year="1969">Hitchcock et al. 1969</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barkworth, ME" editor="Barkworth, ME" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" pagination="240 - 250" refId="B17" refString="Barkworth, ME, 2003. Spartina Schreb. In: Barkworth, ME, Capels, KM, Long, S, Piep, MB, Eds., Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press: 240 - 250" title="Spartina Schreb." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2." year="2003">Barkworth 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is grown as an ornamental.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
||
British Columbia is the only Canadian province in which
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not native, but the taxon has been variously recognized as part of its flora. In the first major treatment of the British Columbia flora, Joseph K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henry, JK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Aquatic Plant Management" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" refId="B69" refString="Henry, JK, 1915. Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island with many references to Alaska and northern species. W.J. Gage & Co., Limited, Toronto." title="Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island with many references to Alaska and northern species. W. J. Gage & Co., Limited, Toronto." year="1915">Henry (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the non-native
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cynosuroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina cynosuroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an Atlantic coast taxon confused at the time with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eastham, JW" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Field-Naturalist" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refId="B47" refString="Eastham, JW, 1947. Supplement to 'Flora of Southern British Columbia'. British Columbia Provincial Museum Special Publication No 1, Victoria, British Columbia, 119 pp." title="Supplement to ' Flora of Southern British Columbia'. British Columbia Provincial Museum Special Publication No 1, Victoria, British Columbia, 119 pp." year="1947">Eastham (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which Henry suggested might be present in the southern interior based on its presence in adjacent Washington. No collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the southern interior of British Columbia have been made.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was added to the flora of British Columbia by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eastham, JW" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Field-Naturalist" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refId="B47" refString="Eastham, JW, 1947. Supplement to 'Flora of Southern British Columbia'. British Columbia Provincial Museum Special Publication No 1, Victoria, British Columbia, 119 pp." title="Supplement to ' Flora of Southern British Columbia'. British Columbia Provincial Museum Special Publication No 1, Victoria, British Columbia, 119 pp." year="1947">Eastham (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on a single collection made by V. Brink on the shore of Sea Island at the mouth of the Fraser River (where the Vancouver International Airport is now located). Eastham suggested that it might have been transported to this location down the river from the interior, but this is unlikely since there are no reports of the taxon from interior British Columbia. Based on this single record,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognized as part of the British Columbia flora in subsequent floristic works (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hubbard, WA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ecology" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" refId="B80" refString="Hubbard, WA, 1969. The grasses of British Columbia. A. Sutton, Victoria, British Columbia." title="The grasses of British Columbia. A. Sutton, Victoria, British Columbia." year="1969">Hubbard 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, RL" journalOrPublisher="The University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, British Columbia" pageId="34" pageNumber="59" refId="B137" refString="Taylor, RL, MacBryde, B, 1977. Vascular plants of British Columbia: A descriptive resource inventory. The University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, British Columbia, 754 pp." title="Vascular plants of British Columbia: A descriptive resource inventory." year="1977">Taylor and MacBryde 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Scoggan, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pageId="33" pageNumber="58" refId="B129" refString="Scoggan, HJ, 1978. The flora of Canada. Part 2. Pteridophyta, Gymospermae, Monocotyledonae. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Botany No. 7(2)." title="The flora of Canada. Part 2. Pteridophyta, Gymospermae, Monocotyledonae. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Botany No. 7 (2)." year="1978">Scoggan 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but was later excluded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Douglas, GW" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Field-Naturalist" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refId="B44" refString="Douglas, GW, Straley, GB, Meidinger, D, 1994. The vascular plants of British Columbia. Part 4 - Monocotyledons. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC." title="The vascular plants of British Columbia. Part 4 - Monocotyledons. B. C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC." year="1994">Douglas et al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of being
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="48" start="start">an</pageBreakToken>
|
||
introduced species not collected in over 40 years. This exclusion was followed in recent treatments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Qian, H" journalOrPublisher="UBC Press, Vancouver, BC" pageId="32" pageNumber="57" refId="B113" refString="Qian, H, Klinka, K, 1998. Plants of British Columbia: Scientific and common names of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens. UBC Press, Vancouver, BC, 534 pp." title="Plants of British Columbia: Scientific and common names of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens." year="1998">Qian and Klinka 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Douglas, GW" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Field-Naturalist" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Douglas, GW, Meidinger, D, Pojar, J, 2001. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 7. Monocotyledons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae). British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/66A2fjppD)." title="Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 7. Monocotyledons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae). British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. (Archived by WebCite ® at http: // www. webcitation. org / 66 A 2 fjppD)" year="2001">Douglas et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Attempts to locate the Brink collection in British Columbia herbaria (V, UBC) were unsuccessful, and it is therefore not possible to confirm this report..
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently collected in a vacant lot in the city of Burnaby (Lomer 6778,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photograph of a specimen of Spartina pectinata collected in Burnaby, British Columbia (Lomer 6778, UBC). Image published with the permission of the University of British Columbia Herbarium, Beaty Biodiversity Museum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10025" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
, 6805, Suppl. Fig. 33), where it likely escaped or persisted from cultivation (F. Lomer, personal communication, 2011). The clump from which these specimens were obtained no longer exists, as the site has been built over (F. Lomer, personal communication, 2012). The specimens reported here are the first confirmed records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for British Columbia. The species is not considered to be invasive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10025" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in Burnaby, British Columbia (Lomer 6778, UBC). Image published with the permission of the University of British Columbia Herbarium, Beaty Biodiversity Museum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="48" type="morphology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from all other taxa in the Pacific Northwest by its conspicuously awned glumes [vs. glumes unawned or short-awned (awns to 2 mm long), the latter state sometimes present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Spartina gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], and glume keels with robust, comb-like teeth [vs. glume keels that are glabrous, scabrous or ciliate]. Additional characters are given under other taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="48" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">CANADA. British Columbia:</emphasis>
|
||
Greater Vancouver, Burnaby, Canada Way and Wedgewood St., NE corner, vacant lot of demolished home,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="49.225002">49°13'30"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="122" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-122.941666">122°56'30"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 130 m, 01 Sep 2008, F.Lomer 6778 (UBC [UBCV227607,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photograph of a specimen of Spartina pectinata collected in Burnaby, British Columbia (Lomer 6778, UBC). Image published with the permission of the University of British Columbia Herbarium, Beaty Biodiversity Museum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10025" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
]); same location, 15 Sep 2008, F.Lomer 6805 (UBC [UBCV227406, Suppl. Fig. 33]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Manitoba:</emphasis>
|
||
Rural Municipality of Pembina, NE of Darlingford and E of Manitou,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="49.236668">49°14'12"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-98.30112">98°18'04"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 437 m, 16 Jul 2007, J.M.Saarela 1019 (CAN [CAN590577]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">United States of America.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Colorado:</emphasis>
|
||
Fort Collins, 3 Aug 1898, n.c. 3551 (CAN [CAN162205]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Idaho:</emphasis>
|
||
Oneida Co.: American Falls, 28 Jul 1911, A.Nelson & J.F.Macbride 1394 (CAN [CAN162207]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Kansas</emphasis>
|
||
: S of Quinter, 16 Oct 1937, C.Brown s.n. (CAN [CAN162202]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Maine:</emphasis>
|
||
Aroostook Co.: valley of the St. John River, Big Black River Rapids, Township xv, Range 13, 26 Jul 1917, H.St.John & G.E.Nichols 2135 (CAN [CAN162203]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Minnesota:</emphasis>
|
||
Kittson Co.: Hallock, 16 Jul 1986, F.W.Schueler 16461 (CAN [CAN536117]). St. Louis Co.: beach of Esquagama Lake, 4 Aug 1944, O.Lakela 5647 (CAN [CAN162197]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">New Hamsphire:</emphasis>
|
||
Rockingham Co.: Newfields, along Squamscott River below bridge to Stratham, 8 Aug 1973, A.R.Hodgden & F.L.Steele 19838 (CAN [CAN555731]). Strafford Co.: Milton, edge of pond by railroad, 15 Jul 1959, A.R.Hodgden & F.L.Steele 11095 (CAN [CAN555851]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">New York:</emphasis>
|
||
Madison Co.: shore of Oneida Lake, South Bay, 27 Jun 1921, H.D.House 8289 (CAN [CAN162204]); St. Lawrence Co.: Morristown,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="44.585556">44°35'08"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-75.648056">75°38'53"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15 Aug 1914, O.P.Phelps 156 (CAN [CAN162209]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">North Dakota:</emphasis>
|
||
Lamoure Co.: along creek
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
mil W, 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
mi N of Edgeley, Nora Township,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="46.359444">46°21'34"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-98.71222">98°42'44"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24 Aug 1937, J.H.Moore & M.Moore 10094 (CAN [CAN198696]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Ohio:</emphasis>
|
||
Lucas Co.: SE corner of Monclova Township, low bank of Maumee River at SW corner of Maumee city limits, 10 Sep 1967, R.L.Stuckey 5782 (CAN [CAN320720]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">Oregon:</emphasis>
|
||
Bars of Snake River,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ballard’s">Ballard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Landing, 8 Jul 1899, Wm.C.Cusick 2221 (CAN [CAN162206]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="48">South Dakota:</emphasis>
|
||
Aberdeen, Aug 1969, S.N.Stephenson s.n. (CAN [CANB432790]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |