167 lines
21 KiB
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167 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="3C8238913908863F6B71DEE147B38EB5" ID-CLB-Dataset="39213" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="861d5a07-c3a9-445a-89a2-5ba555ec4cb4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="235553" ID-ZooBank="ECB416F6-3214-41D9-9995-40A824F8B1C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461364136596" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Massa, Bruno, Ünal, Mustafa & Verde, Gabriella Lo" docDate="2015" docId="647087ADFF886423FF3BFC3BFCE7FB9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04059p524.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4059 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Prionotropis Fieber 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="501" masterDocId="9849FFD5FF896421FFACFF9BFFE3FB4E" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae: Thrinchinae)" masterLastPageNumber="524" masterPageNumber="499" pageNumber="500" updateTime="1698661890467" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="73E56E379D88F8BF48DBA235086E89E5">
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<mods:title id="FD641BFA1AA0E5094259FB60E86E8C0B">Revision of the genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae: Thrinchinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="326D769A2A6E7EA611B0232F97F70D49">Massa, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11A4995516130934B801D21992FE01AA">Ünal, Mustafa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF0DA3606246B15FF815B6A895F70726">Verde, Gabriella Lo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0F18125A79C62735B1C9A48D9C74DE57">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ACFA3EA78D0863E675A5E6EB322998C0">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="538F5DF47D51C795F39A085B76C57908">4059</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7C15C0E35C6A3B39F6DF5617E4546480" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="647087ADFF886423FF3BFC3BFCE7FB9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669586" ID-GBIF-Taxon="126101628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669586" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:647087ADFF886423FF3BFC3BFCE7FB9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/647087ADFF886423FF3BFC3BFCE7FB9B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="501" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
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<subSubSection id="A4C36530FF886420FF3BFC3BFDC6F8F4" box="[151,549,927,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EC6636BBFF886420FF3BFC3BFDC6F8F4" blockId="1.[151,549,927,954]" box="[151,549,927,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
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<heading id="B72E81D7FF886420FF3BFC3BFDC6F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,549,927,954]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FF3BFC3BFDC6F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,549,927,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FF42FC04FDC6F8F4" ID-CoL="8NXW7" authority="Fieber, 1853" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1853" box="[238,549,927,954]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Prionotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FF42FC04FE66F8F7" bold="true" box="[238,389,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Prionotropis</emphasis>
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Fieber, 1853
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A4C36530FF886423FF3BFC7DFCE7FB9B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="501" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EC6636BBFF886420FF3BFC7DFC36FDC4" blockId="1.[151,1437,998,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FF3BFC7DFEE9F8B1" bold="true" box="[151,266,998,1023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Vertex sloping obliquely towards the apex of the fastigium, more or less concave, eyes oval, shorter than the subocular furrow, antennae with 17–18 segments, the last 3–4 more thickly spotted, apical segments as long as both the previous ones. Frontal ridge deeply furrowed. Median carina of the pronotum arched or almost flat (mainly in females), prozona and mesozona tectiform, metazona flattened laterally (minute or even absent in females). The transverse sulcus lies about in the mid of the pronotum or just before it; sometimes also the first sulcus notches the dorsum of the prozona. Fore and hind angles of the pronotum rounded or acute, metazona long with a deeply angular hind margin. Prosternum just raised anteriorly. Mesosternal space in males ca. 2 times wider than long, in females 2.5–3.0 times wider than long. Males macropterous to sub-brachypterous, females squamipterous.
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<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF886420FEE5FA92FE62FE6C" box="[329,385,1289,1314]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wings slightly shorter than tegmina, with embossed, curved 1st and 2nd anal veins (characters in common with the other
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FE68FAB6FDB2FE08" box="[452,593,1325,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thrinchinae">Thrinchinae</taxonomicName>
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). Median carina of the abdomen projecting tooth-like at the end of tergites (mainly in males, less in females) with more or less long terminal spines. Dorsal carina of hind femora with some spines or finely denticulate. Mid tibia denticulate on upper margin (character in common with the other
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FF3BFA02FEC7FEFC" box="[151,292,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thrinchinae">Thrinchinae</taxonomicName>
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). Opening of tympana not covered or partially covered by tegmina. Krauss’ organ with fine tubercles or transverse rows. Epiproct of the male rectangular, pointed on the hind margin and with a longitudinal furrow, which has light carina at each side, in females long with transverse suture and a longitudinal furrow. Male cerci slender or only with a slender apical part, slightly incurved, in females triangular, pointed and incurved apically. Sub-genital plate of the male with a slightly transverse proximal suture, pointed or truncated or incised apically, that of the female with a triangular lobe in the middle. Epiphallus with short ancorae, pseudolophi present (
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FAC8F9D6FF30FDC4" author="Unal" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Unal, M. (2014) A new species of Paranocarodes Bolivar, 1916 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae) from Turkey. Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 2 (10), 1 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12976 / jib / 2014.2.12" type="journal article" year="2014">Ünal 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), valves of penis up-curved or straight. Ovipositor short, stout, wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC6636BBFF886420FF6BF90EFBF5FCBC" blockId="1.[151,1437,998,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
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Species belonging to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FD9DF90DFD5CFDE3" box="[561,703,1686,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Prionotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FD9DF90DFD5CFDE3" box="[561,703,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Prionotropis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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developed some specializations for stridulation, namely: 1) mid tibiae have the upper margin wrinkled and during flight they rub the lower side of their modified and wrinkled anal veins of the hind wings, like the bow of a violin (
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FD63F946FCB8FDB8" author="Pantel" box="[719,859,1757,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Pantel, J. (1896) Notes orthopterologiques V. Les orthopteres du " Sitio " dans la Sierra de Cuenca. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 25, 59 - 118. Available from: http: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 1170 (Accessed 18 Dec. 2015)" type="journal article" year="1896">Pantel 1896</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FCCBF946FC1DFDB8" author="Bolivar" box="[871,1022,1757,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Bolivar, I. (1921) Observaciones sobre ortopteros espanoles. In: Memorias de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural. Tomo Extraordinario. Puublicado Con Motivo Del 50. º Aniversario De Su Fundacion. Museo Nacional De Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, pp. 446 - 460. Available from: http: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 1414 (Accessed 18 Dec. 2015)" type="book chapter" year="1921">Bolívar 1921</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FBA0F945FB47FDB8" author="Uvarov" box="[1036,1188,1758,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Uvarov, B. P. (1943) The tribe Thrinchini of the subfamily Pamphaginae, and the interrelations of the Acridid subfamilies (Orthoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society London, 93 (1), 1 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1943. tb 00429. x" type="journal article" year="1943">Uvarov 1943</bibRefCitation>
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); all the species, both sexes (also the females, which have micropterous wings), show this specialization (
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<figureCitation id="74E22A3EFF886420FB94F89AFB7FFC54" box="[1080,1180,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1559,1582]" captionTargetBox="[308,1278,267,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[308,1279,267,1538]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Specialization of the sound produced by Thrinchinae: genus Prionotropis. 1. Wings of the male P. flexuosa, showing the modification in the anal veins of the hind wing. 2. Detail of the wrinkled anal vein of the hind wings of P. flexuosa. 3. Mid tibia of P. flexuosa, showing the serrated upper margin. 4. Wings of the male of P. appula, showing the modification in the anal veins of the hind wing. 5 Detail of wings of the female of P. azami, showing that the modification in the anal veins of hind wing is present also in this sex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235554/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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), that characterizes the subfam.
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FF5BF8BEFE61FC70" box="[247,386,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thrinchinae">Thrinchinae</taxonomicName>
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; 2) the inner side of the hind femora bear minute rounded tubercles that could rub on Krauss’ organ (
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FF4AF8D1FE9BFC2C" author="Krauss" box="[230,376,1866,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Krauss, H. (1878) Die Orthopteren-Fauna Istriens. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, I, 78, 451 - 542." type="journal article" year="1878">Krauss 1878</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FE29F8D1FDCFFC2C" author="Saussure" box="[389,556,1866,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Saussure, H. de (1888) De quelques orthopteres pamphagiens du genre Xiphocera. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6 (8), 155 - 160. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 34142 # page / 161 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 18 Dec. 2015)" type="journal article" year="1888">Saussure 1888</bibRefCitation>
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); it was found in both
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FC83F8D1FC7BFC2C" box="[815,920,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Prionotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FC83F8D1FC7BFC2C" box="[815,920,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">P. hystrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FC7DF8D1FBBCFC2C" box="[977,1119,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Prionotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodanica">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FC7DF8D1FBBCFC2C" box="[977,1119,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">P. rhodanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but it is a specialization of most
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FF7AF8F6FEBEFCC8" box="[214,349,1901,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thrinchinae">Thrinchinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FEC2F8F5FDEAFCC8" author="Foucart" box="[366,521,1901,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Foucart, A. (1995) Prionotropis rhodanica Uvarov, 1923 (Acridoidea Pamphagidae Akicerinae), acridien protege de la Crau (Bouches-du-Rhone, France). Ecole pratique hautes etudes & Cirad-Gerdat-Prifas, Montpellier, 109 pp." type="book" year="1995">Foucart 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FDB9F8F5FD42FCC8" author="Popov" box="[533,673,1902,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Popov, G. B. (1997) Arabian grasshoppers (Orthoptera): Families Pamphagidae (Eumastacoidea) and Pyrgomorphidae (Acridoidea). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 111 - 168." type="journal article" year="1997">Popov 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FD02F8F6FCD7FCC8" author="Unal" box="[686,820,1901,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Unal, M. (2007 a) Revision of the genus Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1951 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae). Zootaxa, 1581, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">Ünal 2007a</bibRefCitation>
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, Massa 2012); 3) a tegmino-alar stridulation has been described for
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FE9FF809FE20FCE4" box="[307,451,1937,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Prionotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodanica">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FE9FF809FE20FCE4" box="[307,451,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">P. rhodanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FE42F809FD74FCE4" author="Foucart" box="[494,663,1937,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Foucart, A. (1995) Prionotropis rhodanica Uvarov, 1923 (Acridoidea Pamphagidae Akicerinae), acridien protege de la Crau (Bouches-du-Rhone, France). Ecole pratique hautes etudes & Cirad-Gerdat-Prifas, Montpellier, 109 pp." type="book" year="1995">Foucart (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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and for
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FD55F809FBA9FCE4" authority="Massa et al. 2012" authorityName="Massa et al." authorityYear="2012" box="[761,1098,1937,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Prionotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appula">
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FD55F809FC87FCE4" box="[761,868,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">P. appula</emphasis>
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(Massa
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<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FC69F809FC15FCE4" box="[965,1014,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and probably occurs in other species of the genus and of the subfam.
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FD2AF82EFCF3FC80" box="[646,784,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thrinchinae">Thrinchinae</taxonomicName>
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, as well as in many species belonging to the subfam.
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<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF886420FF3BF842FECDFCBC" box="[151,302,2009,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pamphaginae">Pamphaginae</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FED9F842FDF2FCBC" author="Johnsen" box="[373,529,2009,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Johnsen, P. (1972) Alar-notal and tegmino-alar sound production in the African Glauia and Acinipe Acridoidea: Pamphagidae), with notes on other behaviour. Natura Jutlandica, 16, 59 - 80." type="journal article" year="1972">Johnsen 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FDB0F841FD01FCBC" author="Lopez" box="[540,738,2009,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Lopez, H., Garcia, M. D., Clemente, E., Presa, J. J. & Oromi, P. (2008) Sound production mechanism in pamphagid grasshoppers (Orthoptera). Journal of Zoology, 275, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
López
|
||
<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF886420FDC4F841FD7AFCBC" box="[616,665,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="88484B4AFF886420FD41F842FBE9FCBC" author="Kohler" box="[749,1034,2009,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" refString="Kohler, G. & Friedrich, E. (2013) Observations on a sound-producing female of Orchamus gracilis (Brunner, 1882) from Cyprus (Caelifera: Pamphagidae). Articulata, 28 (1 / 2), 51 - 57." type="journal article" year="2013">Köhler & Friedrich 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC6636BBFF8B6423FF6BFF0CFCE7FB9B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BD94D38FF8B6423FEFCFF02FE3DFBFE" box="[336,478,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphagidae" genus="Prionotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEADEAA9FF8B6423FEFCFF02FE3DFBFE" box="[336,478,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Prionotropis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
covers isolated areas of Mediterranean region, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FBEAFF0CFB6AFBFE" box="[1094,1161,151,176]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FB37FF03FB09FBE1" box="[1179,1258,152,175]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FB50FF0CFAD3FBFE" box="[1276,1328,151,176]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FAEFFF0CFA7BFBFE" box="[1347,1432,151,176]" name="Croatia" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FF3BFF27FF1FFB9B" box="[151,252,188,213]" name="Slovenia" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FEABFF27FDFEFB9B" box="[263,541,188,213]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FD84FF27FD94FB9A" box="[552,631,188,212]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94CE762BFF8B6423FD02FF27FCE3FB9B" box="[686,768,188,213]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |