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191 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c973a724-f64e-4420-9b52-c57c27e7f96a" ID-PMC="PMC7746669" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-170-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FEDFCD1BAB1A5D8D8DE38003D8EBEEDD" ID-PubMed="33363432" ModsDocID="1314-2003-170-1" checkinTime="1607628098743" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Murdock, Andrew G., Chen, Cheng-Wei, Huang, Yao-Moan & Glenny, David" docDate="2020" docId="3FD3A5B962005A86810DC522AF2210DE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 170: 1-23" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 170" docPubDate="2020-12-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471" docTitle="Ptisana smithii Murdock 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FEDFCD1BAB1A5D8D8DE38003D8EBEEDD" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FEDFCD1BAB1A5D8D8DE38003D8EBEEDD" masterDocTitle="Affinities of the fern genus Ptisana (Marattiaceae) in the Solomon Islands, with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140170847" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Affinities of the fern genus Ptisana (Marattiaceae) in the Solomon Islands, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Murdock, Andrew G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-2857</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA & University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, California 94720, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andymurdock@berkeley.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Cheng-Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>No. 37, Lane 656, Chung Cheng Rd., Keelung City, 20246, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huang, Yao-Moan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Rd, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, 10066, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glenny, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-12-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>170</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>23</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-170-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FEDFCD1BAB1A5D8D8DE38003D8EBEEDD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="multiple">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170725657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3FD3A5B962005A86810DC522AF2210DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FD3A5B962005A86810DC522AF2210DE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3FD3A5B9-6200-5A86-810D-C522AF2210DE" authority="(Mett. ex Kuhn) Murdock" authorityName="Murdock" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Mett. ex Kuhn" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Ptisana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ptisana smithii" order="Marattiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">Ptisana smithii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Murdock</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of Ptisana papuana (left column) and Ptisana smithii (right column) A, B whole plants Ptisana smithii B showing its distinctively repand margins C, D fertile segments with mature synangia. Ptisana papuana (left) has longer synangia that reach nearly the midpoint between the margin and the midrib, and conspicuously serrate margins E, F Pulvini, closeup." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485323" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 5B, D, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of venation and margins (A-E) and apices of ultimate segments (F, G) of the Ptisana species in the Solomon Islands A, F P. ambulans B, G P. decipiens var. decipiens C, H P. decipiens var. delicata D, I P. papuana E, J P. smithii. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6E, J</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mettenius ex Kuhn" authorityYear="1869" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Marattia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Marattia smithii" order="Marattiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">Marattia smithii</taxonomicName>
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Mett. ex Kuhn, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 584. 1869 (lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.573007" author="Murdock, AG" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="737 - 755" refId="B20" refString="Murdock, AG, 2008b. A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana. Taxon 57 (3): 737 - 755, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.573007" title="A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.573007" volume="57" year="2008 b">Murdock 2008b</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 748: Aneiteum, New Hebrides, Dec 1858,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herus 5</emphasis>
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(lectotype: P!; isolectotype: GH!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Fronds 2-pinnate, up to 2.5 m long. Stipe up to 1.2 m long, 2-4 cm diameter at the base, circular in cross-section, surface dark brown to blackish-green, lighter around lenticels, with lacerate rusty scales mixed with broader brown-black scales, base of stipe bearing dense broad brown scales. Fronds bearing 5-8 pairs of pinnae, opposite to subopposite and well-spaced on the rachis, with a single terminal pinna or forking dichotomously at the frond apex, the proximal pinnae somewhat reduced in size (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of Ptisana papuana (left column) and Ptisana smithii (right column) A, B whole plants Ptisana smithii B showing its distinctively repand margins C, D fertile segments with mature synangia. Ptisana papuana (left) has longer synangia that reach nearly the midpoint between the margin and the midrib, and conspicuously serrate margins E, F Pulvini, closeup." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485323" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
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). Swollen pulvini present at the base of all segments, pulvini of primary division often with a dorsal ridge, smooth and with a lighter color on secondary divisions (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of Ptisana papuana (left column) and Ptisana smithii (right column) A, B whole plants Ptisana smithii B showing its distinctively repand margins C, D fertile segments with mature synangia. Ptisana papuana (left) has longer synangia that reach nearly the midpoint between the margin and the midrib, and conspicuously serrate margins E, F Pulvini, closeup." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485323" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5F</figureCitation>
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). Ultimate segments 15-20 cm long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-2.5 cm wide, narrowly oblong, base rounded but asymmetric, more cuneate acroscopically, apex acuminate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of venation and margins (A-E) and apices of ultimate segments (F, G) of the Ptisana species in the Solomon Islands A, F P. ambulans B, G P. decipiens var. decipiens C, H P. decipiens var. delicata D, I P. papuana E, J P. smithii. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6J</figureCitation>
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). Laminae coriaceous, dark green above, pale below, with sparse tan scales along the veins and midrib abaxially. Leaf margin lightly serrate, often strongly repand. Veins simple, ca. 1.5 mm apart, rarely dividing once near the midrib, curving toward the apex on the marginal side of each synangium (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of venation and margins (A-E) and apices of ultimate segments (F, G) of the Ptisana species in the Solomon Islands A, F P. ambulans B, G P. decipiens var. decipiens C, H P. decipiens var. delicata D, I P. papuana E, J P. smithii. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6E</figureCitation>
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). Synangia submarginal, 2.0 mm long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8 mm wide, 16-20 locules per synangium (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of Ptisana papuana (left column) and Ptisana smithii (right column) A, B whole plants Ptisana smithii B showing its distinctively repand margins C, D fertile segments with mature synangia. Ptisana papuana (left) has longer synangia that reach nearly the midpoint between the margin and the midrib, and conspicuously serrate margins E, F Pulvini, closeup." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485323" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
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), receptacles bearing short hairs.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Comparison of venation and margins (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
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) and apices of ultimate segments (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
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) of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A.G.G.Murdock" authorityYear="2008" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Ptisana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ptisana" order="Marattiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ptisana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in the Solomon Islands
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ambulans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ambulans">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ambulans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, G</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="var. decipiens" lsidName="P. decipiens subsp. var. var. decipiens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="decipiens" subSpecies="var." variety="decipiens">P. decipiens var. decipiens</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, H</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. decipiens subsp. var. var. delicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="decipiens" subSpecies="var." variety="delicata">P. decipiens var. delicata</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, I</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. papuana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="papuana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. papuana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, J</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. smithii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. smithii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bars: 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solomon Islands. Vanikoro</emphasis>
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: Rain forest, 100 m, 1928,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S.F. Kajewski 677</emphasis>
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(F, UC [UC422670, UC1007994], MICH [1177187], US [1916159]); Ngarabu camp, 120-600 m, 17 Jun 2016,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.-W. Chen & T.-C. Hsu & M. Fanerii SITW10574</emphasis>
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(BSIP, TAIF [498575, 520559], TNM); Airport to Uleule River, 20-250 m, 20 Jun 2016,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.-W. Chen & T.-C. Hsu & M. Fanerii SITW11037</emphasis>
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(BSIP, TAIF [498870, 498871, 498872, 498873, 498874], TNM).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vanuatu. Aneityum</emphasis>
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: Southeast, 200 m, 26 Jul 1971, M. Schmid 3905 (L).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fiji. Rewa Province</emphasis>
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: Suva city, I-Suva Forest Park, 17 Sep 2013,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.-W. Chen Wade3093</emphasis>
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(TAIF [439749, 439750, 439751, 439752]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lowland forest, growing along streams and steep hillsides. Solomon Islands: Vanikoro, likely to be found on Nendo; Vanuatu; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Murdock" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Mett. ex Kuhn" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Ptisana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ptisana smithii" order="Marattiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ptisana smithii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from collections from Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands, but it is widespread in adjacent island groups. It is currently considered Least Concern (LC) based on
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B11" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. 2nd edn. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. https://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. 2 nd edn. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The Santa Cruz group is the northern limit of the range of this species. The Salicina clade (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of Ptisana based on rps 4 - trnS and trnSGG plastid sequence data. Bayesian consensus tree, with branch support values (ML bootstrap support / Bayesian posterior probability); • = 100. The four species recognized in the Solomon Islands are marked by colored bars. Key clades discussed in text marked by arrows." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.170.59471.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/485320" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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), which includes
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. smithii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. smithii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is in need of revision. There are clear sequence and morphological differences from archipelago to archipelago across the Pacific. The Fijian collection sequenced for this study had synangia that were more medial than those from the Solomon Islands.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brownlie, G" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London - Series B, Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B2" refString="Brownlie, G, 1977. The pteridophyte flora of Fiji. Cramer, Liechtenstein." title="The pteridophyte flora of Fiji. Cramer, Liechtenstein." year="1977">Brownlie (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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described Fijian species as having alternate pinnae, but examination of collections and photographs shows that Fijian plants have opposite or subopposite pinnae as observed in the Solomon Islands. We are retaining the use of the name
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. smithii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. smithii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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here because the morphology agrees so closely with collections from Vanuatu, the type locality, and we anticipate that future work will likely split
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. salicina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salicina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. salicina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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into a number of geographically distinct taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |