treatments-xml/data/1D/01/49/1D0149CD1513BFF67EB595018A5959C3.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.754.23655" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f283d310-28ce-4f56-9cdd-06ea7a15db98" ID-PMC="PMC5951563" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-754-141" ID-PubMed="29765262" ID-ZBK="99197F0054A7457D92AC4F6D5D2BF08E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-754-141" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 754" ModsDocTitle="A new Notomastus (Annelida, Capitellidae) species from Korean waters, with genetic comparison based on three gene markers" checkinTime="1525456001107" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jeong, Man-Ki, Soh, Ho Young, Wi, Jin Hee &amp; Suh, Hae-Lip" docDate="2018" docId="1D0149CD1513BFF67EB595018A5959C3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 754: 141-155" docOrigin="ZooKeys 754" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.754.23655" docTitle="Notomastus koreanus Jeong, Soh, Wi &amp; Suh, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="18FE9853-2A6B-45B4-9C79-E3E7569C9E3B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="1247BB66FF8CFFBEFFA63C7DFFEAC973" masterDocTitle="A new Notomastus (Annelida, Capitellidae) species from Korean waters, with genetic comparison based on three gene markers" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1668165756397" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A new Notomastus (Annelida, Capitellidae) species from Korean waters, with genetic comparison based on three gene markers</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jeong, Man-Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Wi, Jin Hee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Suh, Hae-Lip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number>754</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.754.23655</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.754.23655</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3500060" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143804518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3500060" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:18FE9853-2A6B-45B4-9C79-E3E7569C9E3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D0149CD1513BFF67EB595018A5959C3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/18FE9853-2A6B-45B4-9C79-E3E7569C9E3B" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus koreanus" order="Capitellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">Notomastus koreanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="144">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
Holotype: MABIKNA00066337, sex uncertain, Busan, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="35.1055">35°6.33'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="129.05516">129°3.31'E</geoCoordinate>
(DDM), subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 16 m depth, October 2011, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi. Paratypes: MABIKNA00146048, MABIKNA00146049, sex uncertain, Yeosu, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="34.6505">34°39.03'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="127.681">127°40.86'E</geoCoordinate>
, subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 20 m depth, October 2017, collected by Man-Ki Jeong; MABIKNA00066329, sex uncertain, Busan, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="35.097168">35°5.83'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="129.04033">129°2.42'E</geoCoordinate>
subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 15 m depth, October 2011, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi; MABIKNA00066396, sex uncertain, Pohang, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="36.0515">36°3.09'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="129.3925">129°23.55'E</geoCoordinate>
, subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 12 m depth, January 2012, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi; MABIKNA00066311, sex uncertain, Geoje, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="34.902832">34°54.17'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="128.61633">128°36.98'E</geoCoordinate>
, subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 10 m depth, January 2012, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Additional materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
MABIKNA00115263, sex uncertain, Busan, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="35.078335">35°4.7'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="128.92334">128°55.4'E</geoCoordinate>
, subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 14 m depth, January 2012, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi; MABIKNA00066302, sex uncertain, Hwaseong, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="37.149166">37°8.95'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="126.589836">126°35.39'E</geoCoordinate>
, subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 20 m depth, September 2011, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi; MABIKNA00066303, MABIKNA00115303, sex uncertain, Seosan, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="37.033833">37°2.03'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="126.399">126°23.94'E</geoCoordinate>
subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 15 m depth, September 2011, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi; MABIKNA00066385, sex uncertain, Pohang, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="36.02183">36°1.31'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="129.41933">129°25.16'E</geoCoordinate>
subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 12 m depth, November 2010, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi; MABIKNA00115314, sex uncertain, Wando, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="34.368668">34°22.12'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="127.01317">127°0.79'E</geoCoordinate>
, subtidal, sandy mud bottom, 10 m depth, September 2011, collected by Byoung-Mi Choi. Additional 3 specimens from type locality on SEM stub.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
Thorax with achaetigerous peristomium and 11 chaetigers. Anterior 5 thoracic segments tessellated. First chaetiger without neuropodia. Chaetigers 1-11 with capillary chaetae only. Abdominal chaetigers with hooded hooks only. Lateral organs not protruded above surface, narrow and oval shape, present along body. Genital pores present in intersegmental furrows between chaetigers 7-8, 8-9, 9-10, and 10-11. Parapo 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="145" start="start">dial</pageBreakToken>
lobes in anterior to moderate abdominal region not protruded. Posteriorly extended parapodial lobes present on posterior abdominal segments. Pygidium without anal cirri.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">Holotype entire, about 80 mm long, 1.2 mm wide for 280 chaetigers. Paratype material ranges from 31-87 mm in length, 0.7-1.3 mm width with 30-270 chaetigers. Body elongate, rounded dorsally, flattened ventrally, widest in anterior thoracic chaetigers, with ventral white line in abdominal region. Color in alcohol whitish yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">Prostomium conical, with short and rounded palpode; nuchal organs not seen, eyespots absent (Figs 2A, 3A, D). Proboscis everted, with numerous hemispherical papillae (Figs 2A, 3D). Peristomium achaetous, weakly biannulated, slightly longer than first chaetiger (Figs 2A, 3D).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
Figure 2. 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus koreanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">Notomastus koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A anterior end, left lateral view (MABIKNA00146048) B same, dorsal view (MABIKNA00146048) C posterior abdominal segments, left lateral view (Holotype, MABIKNA00066337) D posterior end, left lateral view (Holotype, MABIKNA00066337). Abbreviations: cc, capillary chaetae; gp, genital pore; hh, hooded hooks; lo, lateral organ; neu, neuropodium; no, notopodium; pro, prostomium; prob, proboscis; per, peristomium; transition, transition between thorax and abdomen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
Figure 3. 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus koreanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">Notomastus koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A−C photomicrographs A anterior end in left lateral view (showing methyl green staining reaction, MABIKNA00066311) B chaetigers 9-15 in left lateral view (MABIKNA00066396) C posterior end (MABIKNA00066396) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
scanning electron micrographs (using additional specimens from type locality) D anterior 6 thoracic segments in left lateral view E capillary chaetae of chaetiger 4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
abdominal hooded hooks in frontal view. Abbreviations: cc, capillary chaetae; Ch, chaetiger; genP, genital pore; hh, hooded hooks; lo, lateral organ; mf, main fang; neu, neuropodium; no, notopodium; per, peristomium; pro, prostomium; prob, proboscis; transition, transition between thorax and abdomen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
Thorax with 12 segments including achaetous peristomium and 11 chaetigers (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3B). Thoracic segments biannulated with intra- and inter-segmental furrows (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3A). Anterior thoracic segments tessellated; peristomium and chaetigers 1-2 tessellated, chaetigers 3-4 slightly tessellated; remaining segments smooth (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3D). First chaetiger with only notopodia having 12 capillaries per fascicle; remaining thoracic chaetigers with 40-60 bilimbate capillaries per fascicle in both parapodia (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
). Thoracic parapodia reduced, located in intra-segmental 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="146" start="start">furrows</pageBreakToken>
(Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3D); notopodia dorso-laterally on first chaetiger and middorsally on following chaetigers (Fig. 2B); neuropodia ventrolaterally on whole chaetigers. (Figs 2A, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
). Lateral organs not protruded above surface, narrow and oval shape, present along body, situated in furrow between notopodia and neuropodia, less distinct in posterior abdominal region (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
); position of lateral organs slightly nearer to neuropodium in chaetigers 1-3, nearer to notopodium in following chaetigers (Figs 2A, 3A, D). Genital pores present in intersegmental furrows of between chaetigers 7-8, 8-9, 9-10, and 10-11 (Figs 2A, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
Transition between thorax and abdomen distinguished by changes in shape of chaeta and segment (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
); last thoracic chaetiger bi-annulated, with capillaries only, slightly thinner than first abdominal chaetiger; anterior abdominal segments multi-annulated, with better developed neuropodial lobes than thoracic ones, having hooded hooks only (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3B). Parapodia in anterior to mid abdominal region not protruded, well separated (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
). Notopodial lobes not protruded in anterior abdomen, middorsal on anterior few segments, becoming dorsolateral in following abdominal region, with 6-15 hooded hooks only per fascicle, having posteriorly extended and semicircular lamella from chaetiger 160 to end of body (Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Neuropodial lobes having 15-30 hooded hooks per fascicle, well separated and weakly protruded in anterior abdomen, more protruded and almost fused ventrally in posterior abdomen, partially fused to notopodial lobes in posterior end (Figs 2A, C, 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
); dorsal tips of neuropodial lobes do not protruded above surface, extended below lateral organs in anterior to mid abdominal region (Figs 2A, C, 3B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
Hooded hooks with main fang extending slightly beyond hoods; hood slightly flared. Main fang of hooded hooks with 3 rows of small teeth; 5 in basal row, 6-8 in second row, and at least 6 in superior row (Fig. 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Digitiform branchiae not observed in abdomen; each notopodial lobe with posteriorly extended semicircular lamella in posterior abdomen (Figs 2C, 3C). Pygidium simple, without anal cirri (Fig. 2D).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="methyl green staining pattern">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Methyl green staining pattern.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Anterior thoracic segments (peristomium and chaetigers 1-6) not stained. Posterior thoracic segments (chaetigers 7-10 or 11) stained (Fig. 3A); chaetiger 10 and dorsum of chaetiger 7 more deeply stained with blue (Fig. 3A). Anterior few abdominal chaetigers temporary stained with green; fading within 10 minutes (Fig. 3A). Ventral side of abdominal segments having pair of longitudinal green bands. Individual-specific variations observed; sometimes chaetigers 5-6 and chaetiger 11 weakly stained with blue, posterior edge of each abdominal segment stained with blue in large specimens (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">The new species is named for its wide distribution in coastal waters of Korea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">The subtidal areas (10-20 m) near Korea (Fig. 1). The subtidal habitat (ca. 20 m) of Bohai Sea, China (see details in Discussion).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="146">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="5" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus koreanus" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">Notomastus koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. was sampled from soft sediments throughout the year. Most well-developed individuals (having over 250 segments) were obtained between October and January. The sediment of the collecting stations was mainly composed of sandy mud with shell fragments. 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Leiochrides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiochrides yokjidoensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="yokjidoensis">Leiochrides yokjidoensis</taxonomicName>
Jeong, Wi &amp; Suh, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="147" start="start">2017</pageBreakToken>
and an undescribed 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Heteromastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromastus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Heteromastus</taxonomicName>
Eisig, 1887 species co-occurred in southern stations of this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="147" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="147">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">Notomastus koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is distinguished from other species of the genus by the morphological combination of absence of distinct eyes and first neuropodia, last thoracic chaetigers with only capillary chaetae, presence of genital pores between chaetigers 7-11, non-protruded lateral organs and neuropodial lobes in anterior abdomen, and posteriorly extended parapodial lobes in posterior abdomen. The new Korean 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Notomastus</taxonomicName>
species closely resembles 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. torquatus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="torquatus">N. torquatus</taxonomicName>
Hutchings &amp; Rainer, 1979 in the chaetal arrangement, the absence of developed neuropodial lobes in anterior abdomen, and the presence of posteriorly extended parapodial lobes in the posterior abdomen (Table 2). However, they differ in the presence of eyes on posterior prostomium (eyespots vs. absence) and the location of genital pores (between chaetigers 3 or 5-10 vs. 7-11, Table 2). Additionally, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. torquatus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="torquatus">N. torquatus</taxonomicName>
is regarded as an endemic species of Australia and has a much wider thorax (4 mm vs. 1.3 mm) than comparable specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., which have 280 segments when fully developed (
<bibRefCitation author="Doyle, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" pagination="263 - 275" title="Setal type and distribution in two Australian species of Scyphoproctus (Polychaeta, Capitellidae) and three other capitellids, with a description of Scyphoproctustowraiensis sp. n." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00290.x" volume="20" year="1991">Doyle 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" pagination="745 - 796" title="The polychaete fauna of Careel Bay, Pittwater, New South Wales, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937900770561" volume="13" year="1979">Hutchings and Rainer 1979</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus hemipodus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hemipodus">Notomastus hemipodus</taxonomicName>
Hartman, 1945 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tenuis" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">N. tenuis</taxonomicName>
Moore, 1909 are also similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. in the chaetal arrangement and the absence of protruded neuropodial lobes in anterior abdomen, but clearly differ in the details of the eyes, the genital/lateral organs, and the MGSP (Table 2). Moreover, they have the unique features of the indistinct palpode and the bilobed notopodial lobes, respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
Table 2. Morphological comparison between Korean 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Notomastus</taxonomicName>
species and its closely similar species. A: absent; P: present; Ch: chaetiger; NM: not mentioned; abd: abdomen; th: thorax; uni: uniramous; bi: biramous.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<table pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">First Ch</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Eyes</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Distinct palpode</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Lateral organs</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Genital pores</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Dental structure of hooks</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Parapodial lobes in posterior abdomen</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Methyl green staining patterns</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">Habitat (locality)</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">References</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. latericeus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="latericeus">N. latericeus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" title="A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part II." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8596" year="1967">Day 1967</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hemipodus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="hemipodus">N. hemipodus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Green, K" journalOrPublisher="Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" pagination="249 - 343" title="Capitellidae (Polychaeta) from the Andaman Sea." volume="24" year="2002">Green 2002</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tenuis" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">N. tenuis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. torquatus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="torquatus">N. torquatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" pagination="745 - 796" title="The polychaete fauna of Careel Bay, Pittwater, New South Wales, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937900770561" volume="13" year="1979">Hutchings and Rainer 1979</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" type="genetic comparison with the published sequences of notomastus species">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
Genetic comparison with the published sequences of 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Notomastus</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="6" pageNumber="147">
To confirm the genetic distances among the new species and its closely related species, we used the partial sequences of mitochondrial (mtCOI and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (histone H3) genes. In all genetic comparisons, the intraspecific differences among the Korean specimens were negligible (0-0.1%, Table 3). The mean interspecific differences for mitochondrial COI (50.9%) and 16S rRNA (43.2%) genes were much higher than the mean interspecific difference for the nuclear histone H3 gene (7.6%). In the mtCOI gene comparison, the mean genetic difference between 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. profondus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="profondus">N. profondus</taxonomicName>
(Eisig, 1887) of Portugal (KR916899) was substantial (51.2%, Table 3). In the interspecific comparison for the 16S rRNA gene, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. was well distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hemipodus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="hemipodus">N. hemipodus</taxonomicName>
(38.1%, HM746714) of Canada and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. latericeus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="latericeus">N. latericeus</taxonomicName>
(47.3%, AY340469) of Sweden (Table 3). In the histone H3 gene comparison, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. genetically differed from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. torquatus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="torquatus">N. torquatus</taxonomicName>
(3.7%, AF185258) of Australia, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. latericeus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="latericeus">N. latericeus</taxonomicName>
(7.0%, DQ779747) of Sweden, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hemipodus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="hemipodus">N. hemipodus</taxonomicName>
(9.3%, HM746759) of Canada (Table 3). Previously known genetic difference of the mtCOI and the 16S rRNA genes among the capitellid species is generally about 18-20% (
<bibRefCitation author="Jeong, MK" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0707-2" year="2017 b">Jeong et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, CF" journalOrPublisher="Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers" pageId="10" pageNumber="151" pagination="23 - 31" title="A new Capitella polychaete worm (Annelida: Capitellidae) living inside whale bones in the abyssal South Atlantic." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.12.004" volume="108" year="2016">Silva et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, the histone H3 gene difference between cryptic nereidid polychaetes is around 2-9% (
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" pagination="245 - 264" title="Cryptic species of Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta) on Australian coral reefs." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12031" volume="27" year="2013">Glasby et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, the genetic differences between 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and its closely related species (COI: 51.2%, 16S: 38.1-47.3%, H3: 3.7-9.3%) is significant at the species level revealing the speciation among them. On the other hand, the mtCOI gene sequence of the Chinese specimen (BIOUG03550-A09, Table 1) is genetically matched with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (0.007 in K2P distance, Table 3), although it has been reported as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. latericeus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="latericeus">N. latericeus</taxonomicName>
on BOLD (www.barcodinglife.org) database (
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="149" url="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=H" year="2017">BOLD Systems 2017</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus latericeus" pageId="6" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="latericeus">Notomastus latericeus</taxonomicName>
was originally described 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="148" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
Norwegian waters, and it is easily discriminated from our new species in terms of morphology (Table 2). The published histone H3 and 16S rRNA sequences of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. latericeus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="latericeus">N. latericeus</taxonomicName>
from Swedish waters are clearly distinguished from the sequences of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by the significant genetic difference (Table 3). Thus, the mtCOI sequence of the Chinese specimen on the BOLD database is regarded as a misidentification at the species level and confirms the additional occurrence of our new species in the Bohai Sea of northeastern China.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
Table 3. Mean genetic distances between examined 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Notomastus</taxonomicName>
species based on K2P distance. Bold numbers represent the mean intraspecific K2P distance of Korean specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">mtCOI</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">1</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">2</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">3</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Notomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notomastus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Notomastus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. profondus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="profondus">N. profondus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">16S rRNA</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">0.000</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hemipodus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="hemipodus">N. hemipodus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. latericeus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="latericeus">N. latericeus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">histone H3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. koreanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="koreanus">N. koreanus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">0.000</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. torquatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="torquatus">N. torquatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. latericeus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="latericeus">N. latericeus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hemipodus" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="hemipodus">N. hemipodus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>