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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59d902b3-54a0-45df-8984-59de1723dadd" ID-PMC="PMC8863769" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-87-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" ID-PubMed="35210924" ModsDocID="1314-4049-87-99" checkinTime="1644966810934" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xie, Cong-Miao, Wang, Li-Song, Zhao, Zun-Tian, Zhang, Yan-Yun, Wang, Xin-Yu &amp; Zhang, Lu-Lu" docDate="2022" docId="06C131E86ACC53BB82B6E0688F77E39F" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 87: 99-132" docOrigin="MycoKeys 87" docPubDate="2022-02-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614" docTitle="Immersaria athroocarpa Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" masterDocTitle="Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668136817853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xie, Cong-Miao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-3594</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Li-Song</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhao, Zun-Tian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Yan-Yun</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-5066</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Xin-Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-6111</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wangxinyu@mail.kib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Lu-Lu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">612038@sdnu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-02-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>87</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>99</mods:start>
<mods:end>132</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-87-99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193377819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06C131E86ACC53BB82B6E0688F77E39F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/06C131E86ACC53BB82B6E0688F77E39F" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName LSID="06C131E8-6ACC-53BB-82B6-E0688F77E39F" authority="(Ach.) Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240 (1989)." authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Ach." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria athroocarpa" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="athroocarpa">Immersaria athroocarpa (Ach.) Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240 (1989).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Immersaria athroocarpa (a-e SDNU 20190227): a-b thallus c apothecial anatomy d ascus e ascospores. I. aurantia (f-j KUN XY 19 - 1290): f-g thallus h apothecial anatomy i ascus j ascospores. Scale bars: 1 mm (a-b, f-g); 20 μm (c, h); 10 μm (d-e, i-j)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646457" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 4a-e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingCountry name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
[no locality, no date, no collector], H9508237 (H-Ach-lectotype!-designated in
<bibRefCitation author="Hertel, H" journalOrPublisher="Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="145 - 458" refId="B8" refString="Hertel, H, 1977. Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien. Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya 6: 145 - 458" title="Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien." volume="6" year="1977">Hertel 1977</bibRefCitation>
). High-resolution photographs seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Thallus areolate, yellow-brown, orange-brown, continuous; areolae 0.2-1.0 mm across, often convex, regular polygons, tends to be squamalose at the margin, epruinose; margin pruinose; prothallus black, not distinct, sometimes absent. Upper cortex ca. 32.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, yellow-brown; epinecral layer ca. 7.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick; algal layer ca. 82.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, cells 8.0-10.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diam., ellipsoid. Apothecia frequent, densely crowded, immersed, 0.3-1.3 mm in diam.; disc black, rare pruinose, flat, epruinose; margin reduced. Exciple sometimes developed, 25.0-30.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, brown. Hymenium 100-115
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, colourless; paraphyses 1.0-2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, branched, not anastomosing; epihymenium 20.0-25.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, brown, rarely green; subhymenium ca. 90.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, colourless; hypothecium pale brown to brown. Asci
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koerber" authorityYear="1855" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Porpidiaceae" genus="Porpidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Porpidia" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Porpidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, cylindrical, eight-spored; ascospores 17.5-20.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, ellipsoid, halonate. Conidiomata immersed, stellate, black, margin pruinose; conidia 7.5-10.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diam., bacilliform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Thallus K-, C-. Medulla I+ violet. Chemotype : Confluentic acid. Chemotype Ⅱ: Unknown substance.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
In China, growing on granite in arid and semi-arid steppe habitats at elevations of 1200-1950 m. Worldwide distribution. This species is known from Inner Mongolia and Mt. Changbai (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282982000280" author="Hertel, H" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B7" refString="Hertel, H, Zhao, CF, 1982. Lichens from Changbai Shan-some additions to the lichen flora of northeast China. Lichenologist 14: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282982000280" title="Lichens from Changbai Shan-some additions to the lichen flora of northeast China." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282982000280" volume="14" year="1982">Hertel and Zhao 1982</bibRefCitation>
) in China.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The lectotype grows on siliceous rock and contains several intact apothecia. The materials from Inner Mongolia are identical with the lectotype, based on comparisons with high-resolution photographs and the description given by
<bibRefCitation author="Hertel, H" journalOrPublisher="Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="145 - 458" refId="B8" refString="Hertel, H, 1977. Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien. Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya 6: 145 - 458" title="Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien." volume="6" year="1977">Hertel (1977)</bibRefCitation>
. It is, therefore, treated as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Ach." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria athroocarpa" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="athroocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria athroocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at present. Some Inner Mongolian materials contain an unknown substance, but form a well-supported clade with other materials.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Ach." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria athroocarpa" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="athroocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria athroocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by the convex, yellow-brown areolae and the large sizes of ascospores. In this genus, only this species has ascospores up to 20.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646457" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Ach." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria athroocarpa" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="athroocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria athroocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">a-e</emphasis>
SDNU20190227):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">a-b</emphasis>
thallus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">c</emphasis>
apothecial anatomy
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">d</emphasis>
ascus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">e</emphasis>
ascospores.
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">f-j</emphasis>
KUN XY19-1290):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">f-g</emphasis>
thallus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">h</emphasis>
apothecial anatomy
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">i</emphasis>
ascus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">j</emphasis>
ascospores. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">a-b, f-g</emphasis>
); 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">c, h</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">d-e, i-j</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria usbekica" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="usbekica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria usbekica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. athroocarpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="athroocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I. athroocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its brown thallus and dense apothecia, but differs in its flat areolae, the brown epihymenium and the presence of confluentic acid and gyrophoric acid. By comparison with high-resolution photographs and the original descriptions (
<bibRefCitation author="Hertel, H" journalOrPublisher="Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="145 - 458" refId="B8" refString="Hertel, H, 1977. Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien. Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya 6: 145 - 458" title="Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien." volume="6" year="1977">Hertel 1977</bibRefCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria usbekica" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="usbekica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria usbekica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we discovered that previous reports of this species from China (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5248/130.899" author="Zhang, LL" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon, Ithaca NY," pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="899 - 905" refId="B26" refString="Zhang, LL, Hu, L, Zhao, XX, Zhao, ZT, 2015. New records of Clauzadea and Immersaria from China. Mycotaxon, Ithaca NY, 130 (3): 899 - 905, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5248/130.899" title="New records of Clauzadea and Immersaria from China." url="https://doi.org/10.5248/130.899" volume="130" year="2015">Zhang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) were due to misidentification. It is known from Algeria, Iran, Spain, and the USSR (
<bibRefCitation author="Barbero, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Lineenne de Provence" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="139 - 142" refId="B1" refString="Barbero, M, Navarro-Rosines, P, Roux, C, 1990. Immersaria usbekica (Hertel) Barbero, Nav.-Ros. et Roux comb. nov.[= Amygdalaria tellensis Esnault et Roux] nove trovita en Europo. Bulletin de la Societe Lineenne de Provence 41: 139 - 142" title="Immersaria usbekica (Hertel) Barbero, Nav. - Ros. et Roux comb. nov. [= Amygdalaria tellensis Esnault et Roux] nove trovita en Europo." volume="41" year="1990">Barbero et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Specimens examined (SDNU).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="China" county="Chifeng City" elevation="1403" latitude="44.433334" location="Hongshilazi" longLatPrecision="1137" longitude="118.683334" municipality="Balin Youqi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Inner Mongolia">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Nei Mongol">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty>Chifeng City</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Balin Youqi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06C131E86ACC53BB82B6E0688F77E39F:2F3E38D8A87E50DE536F67A42A246256" country="China" county="Chifeng City" latitude="44.433334" longLatPrecision="1137" longitude="118.683334" municipality="Balin Youqi" name="Hongshilazi" stateProvince="Inner Mongolia">Hongshilazi</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4032" unit="m" value="1403.2">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4032" unit="m" value="1403.2">1403.2 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="44.216667">44°13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="118.73333">118°44'E</geoCoordinate>
, on rock, 2019, Ling Hu et al. SDNU20190035; Rongshen, Wangfengou,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2174" unit="m" value="1217.4">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2174" unit="m" value="1217.4">1217.4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="44.266666">44°16'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="118.36667">118°22'E</geoCoordinate>
, Ling Hu et al. SDNU20190140, SDNU20190143; Erlinba,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9152" unit="m" value="1915.2">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9152" unit="m" value="1915.2">1915.2 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="44.433334">44°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="118.683334">118°41'E</geoCoordinate>
, Ling Hu et al. SDNU20190227
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>