plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/67/70/7C/67707C1C60032AC4537AE53C8B21BC90.xml
maintenance 59c573b2b9 added 67
2024-06-21 12:38:57 +02:00

493 lines
59 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina &amp; Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="67707C1C60032AC4537AE53C8B21BC90" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum nigrescens M. Martens &amp; Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12 (1): 140. 1845." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="B4F22115AA3714B4FC42529F9962F573" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1D98537FD009FE8D38A4D6DBE75CE630">
<mods:title id="A151F792841FD3678FAC34B4DCD4A4EB">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FD842E34C8F9249B95C98CEDDE71C8E1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A38FFBED06455B668C8163EC66F1B26B">
<mods:roleTerm id="6E4421FB8BD0EFF92EDBB966580D723C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="96C75B4FE318C2C1A7BA764CA63E89BD">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D72926EF9FA76776EE0DB8F5EDA819D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0D9C8A724D2330BBDFA39599A8760F1B">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BD67C2A49D3E5649FA8EF994C59063A1" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6CFA1161660CAF17E97ABAD951D14D98" type="personal">
<mods:role id="32C7905742DEDDD58BD8181CEA8404B1">
<mods:roleTerm id="74BAF93EA8173DAA87321935330DD6FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="087C7F98DDBA08371627F7A6AE716F7A">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="77278928F3281D16165E352237411A1C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2B0A641E787CE37EA43634C9F7863C55">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C06A3F32264F85BBE93964E5A26934A0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C4F352540BA3594A08A283E59C0F6B1">
<mods:roleTerm id="EED832696ED73FE13ADAB76C19C3053A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="10A1D8E0F43174DF799C23BDBD80DD60">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D284AF5B5D4D20ECF867E78AEE4835D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E657F48438EF6997D298E8B81D65A2E7">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FF87FD4AD53A3A989229F919269DA15A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="88AF0DE0A9910CCDB1CB75E2B47312B8" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D494756C7D786967BFF1DB85F4973DFB">
<mods:title id="2F1E8B919E7B7A265DB18889356FC061">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4B3F5F4CF494EEE8730FB13DA4BCEA8B">
<mods:date id="A9FD60C2FD18094FD9A56ECAE49025B7">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FE8EB93217CC953A9D9A5685AB658A5A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6DA271879620E41E33390793AC66D4EB">2023-08-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="68415D4448BED88DC599063AD54210AA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CCD7FCC6DBDDAE6C112E0D80870DA39A">231</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="EB5D2F162F0F73B1132CB8ECD013E21C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="03B698BAF97714A035140983D4A0F3CC">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D7A01A57779B75E181DFD25B85199E8A">342</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="F3ED8F02944455F1E08C8A6777F37FE9">
<mods:url id="66CD4F90FA2396B9461D5A413E565853">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="B362A54FC01C1F584F2E7E27D28F4EA6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F4EA6BF2EE86BD66B7C73D6ECF877E23" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4E3A9F9AEFB04C3CB610CA13F8F2B3DF" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-231-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F45479411A7AF00A52F4543D3BE9FC26" type="Pensoft-UUID">0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="67707C1C60032AC4537AE53C8B21BC90" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:67707C1C60032AC4537AE53C8B21BC90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/67707C1C60032AC4537AE53C8B21BC90" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="31CCD61091FAC52352CB85FF74C46315" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FAD30CEBC1CA150AA32A14369E605722" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
33.
<taxonomicName id="A05E4A33085C55D931443F3613308704" ID-CoL="4Y3GX" ID-ENA="1398764" authority="M. Martens &amp; Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12 (1): 140. 1845." authorityName="M. Martens &amp; Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12 (1): 140. 1845." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Solanum nigrescens M.Martens &amp; Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(1): 140. 1845.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88DE2040C0EE68AAABA76D407C70195B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="0425D5A0C833499F631E18FAC158E8F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="AC5688CB57825EDDEC93D6CFA7AF9A5F" captionStart="Figure 101" captionStartId="F101" captionText="Figure 101. Solanum nigrescens A new shoot B flower C inflorescence with mature fruit (A-C Ventura 672). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in Knapp et al. (2019: 81)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure101" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897562" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 101</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9E27428F748CA6C4B95D9653114629C8" captionStart="Figure 102" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 102. Solanum nigrescens A leaves B flowering branch C inflorescence with flowers at full anthesis D developing fruits (A-D Amith et al. F 0055). Photos by M. Gorostiza Salazar. Previously published in Knapp et al. (2019: 82)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure102" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897563" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 102</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09DD2C6936149C35E208ABAD8544E9A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BC20F4B0CAF668C379FF3D3F15AA3355" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="615BAEB6D53B01D288700C6643B8FAED" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nodiflorum subsp. var. var. puberulum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nodiflorum" subSpecies="var." variety="puberulum">Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. var. puberulum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 46. 1852. Type. United States of America. Texas: [Bexar County] &quot;Mexico, Bejar&quot;, Oct 1828,
<emphasis id="EC6C07805C132EDC2782B628F5DD4C33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Berlandier 1904</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="1077B31AA73EF0C418AD48A673570EC7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 114" refId="B73" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1972. A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America. Kew Bulletin 27 (1): 95 - 114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" title="A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" volume="27" year="1972">Edmonds 1972</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 103 [as holotype]: G-DC [G00144231]; isotypes: MO [acc. # 5481286], NY [00743232], P [P00319514], W [acc. # 0022313]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240C777BCFF246BD0A165592B3A6E24F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="63E1139449EFE0F2E0D77B0E005B73B9" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caribaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caribaeum">Solanum caribaeum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 48. 1852. Type. Jamaica. Sin.loc., [protologue - &quot;In insulis Caribaeis, Jamaica,
<normalizedToken id="1E42CF56CCE095BE67CE2CAC805DB739" originalValue="Guadalupâ”">Guadalupa&quot;</normalizedToken>
], no date,
<emphasis id="26C7E64ED6ED2813908AE97672425C26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anon. s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="0243B7524B63BFF8C2FB6550D38FEFBB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B53" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974a. [1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="EA7FD89B33733F721485DB1F4E2A8685" originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 735: G-DC [G0000144199]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="40B1FAF9B59306890DC747F530D8C638" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B8090C0F4AFF1061810ADFADAB8BC9A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum crenatodentatum subsp. var. var. ramosissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="crenatodentatum" subSpecies="var." variety="ramosissimum">Solanum crenatodentatum Dunal var. ramosissimum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 54. 1852. Type. United States of America. Louisiana: &quot;Basse Louisiane&quot;, 1839,
<emphasis id="205F1957E9500AAD65EA70AD3A6813E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G.D. Barbe 82</emphasis>
(holotype: P [P00362535]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B816027BE3594940B4913A09C250B0EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="38419CDA5C3EA769644605AB7C9412DE" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="M.Martens &amp; Galeotti" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="nigrescens">Solanum nigrum L. var. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
(M.Martens &amp; Galeotti) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 455. 1891. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="91DBED5F644B55DCD659B39AD1FAFFE6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Solanum nigrescens</taxonomicName>
M.Martens &amp; Galeotti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9D088B481EEF832759B9A1F30A258C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="30688523D65DDD54277493004CB8C0FB" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. amethystinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="amethystinum">Solanum nigrum L. var. amethystinum</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 455. 1891. Type. Costa Rica. San
<normalizedToken id="AE1520F2918AF5B19FC0A0E165737ACC" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
/Cartago:
<normalizedToken id="28E76DCE8B342AB9F8884F90247F0834" originalValue="“Irazu”">&quot;Irazu&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 24 Jun 1874,
<emphasis id="597835F4D66ED4032564C210B45FE302" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O.E. Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
(neotype, designated here: NY [00688134]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC6D0339448FF3765247C38D78CE178A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="16D31559485A566FCCCD1FE084FEBE35" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum prionopterum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prionopterum">Solanum prionopterum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 5. 1912. Type. Venezuela. Distrito Federal: &quot;Caracas, in arena ad rivulum in valle loci dicti Valle&quot;, 25 Mar 1854,
<emphasis id="C2DEA4C3455DEDAE5D90525A750B043D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Gollmer s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed [F neg. 2699], possibly the same original material as the type of
<taxonomicName id="A5E7D5C1C18E789497D75A41F3C1C7CB" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. gollmeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gollmeri">S. gollmeri</taxonomicName>
; no duplicates found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B816870381CA51F43AF93E983FDEB1BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8B903AC4F0161DA8295D69397493C1A6" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum gollmeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gollmeri">Solanum gollmeri</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 202. 1912. Type. Cultivated in Berlin (&quot;horto bot. Berol.&quot;) from seeds sent from Caracas, Venezuela by J. Gollmer, 1859,
<emphasis id="3367EC988CD5D95168028452BAE3CAAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Without collector s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed [F neg. 2689]; lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="B55B48A0A016EACFCDF259906140F743" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 80: F [V0361922F, acc. # 621268], mounted on sheet with F neg. 2689).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="680108BD96F4BD89E7E4389AF17BFAF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D1923375CC2C04C08029488F168CB4A2" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pruinosum subsp. var. var. phyllolophum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pruinosum" subSpecies="var." variety="phyllolophum">Solanum pruinosum Dunal var. phyllolophum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 77. 1913. Type. Cultivated in Europe, seeds from Mexico from David Fairchild as USDA-32065 [protologue &quot;sub. no. 32065, Mexico,
<taxonomicName id="58768F085EAC0B69EA273419F891164B" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrum">S. nigrum</taxonomicName>
&quot;] (no specimens cited, probably described from living plants; original material at B?).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD4F3601A1A9113BFFDFAD9FC343C682" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="78194A7B092AA7DA37B3730FA5E65ACE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subelineatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subelineatum">Solanum subelineatum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 79. 1913. Type. Cultivated at Bremen from seeds from Mexico sent by U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, no. 32067 (original material in Bremen? [destroyed]; possibly described from living material).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9163D3D001725C692014C0B7D3CDD733" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="ADB723B81741FC1A6899FA4E400B2747" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum oligospermum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligospermum">Solanum oligospermum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 80. 1913. Type. Mexico. Oaxaca: Sierra de San Felipe, 7,500 ft., Oct 1894,
<emphasis id="5A3A2BFE1CB51E8F6216FB8703230E4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.G. Pringle 4948</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="41B0E6D457B2A551739149FEE2A34D5E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 114" refId="B73" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1972. A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America. Kew Bulletin 27 (1): 95 - 114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" title="A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" volume="27" year="1972">Edmonds 1972</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 108 [as holotype]: Z [Z000033841]; isolectotypes: BM [BM001017184], BR [BR0000005537983], E [E00570141], GOET [GOET003559], HBG [HBG511469], KFTA [KFTA0000498], NDG [NDG45082], NY [NY00139012], PH [00030459], S [acc. # S-G5704], US [US00027711, acc. # 251984; US01014256, acc. # 1418095], W [acc. # 1895-0004424]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB612FE5E263FE4A26EAB6E1F23D9B48" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0320E5C6D9D209A62B4D3541CCA8EFF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum durangoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="durangoense">Solanum durangoense</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 82. 1913. Type. Mexico. Durango: &quot;prope urbem Durango&quot;, Apr 1896,
<emphasis id="BC8F6EE8EFD2327B8F8876848E388372" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Palmer 101</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed; lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="4E0B08BF041F30DC9F8C8D28662D576C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B53" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974a. [1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="3D3832B9E6294A3314022543F688DC87" originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 738: US [US00027556, acc. # 304231]; isolectotypes: BM [BM001034665], F [V0073093F, acc. # 51213, F. neg. 052464], K [K000063870], MO [MO-568723, acc. # 1718478], NY [00138982]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D65954FBDAB10B11AD8EB656B7DFC81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E3AB60FCE0D91E620953B6CC3F2FC055" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum purpuratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpuratum">Solanum purpuratum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 85. 1913. Type. Bahamas. Andros Island: Coppice, near Fresh Creek, Northern Section, 28-13 Jan 1910,
<emphasis id="521DEA688D469443061691F9A2642D33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.K. Small &amp; J.J. Carter 8805</emphasis>
(holotype: P [P00369223]; isotypes: F [acc. # 283797], K [K001161011], NY [00111385], US [00027765, acc. # 758168]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F93030648A4817D7587F6F4C5EBF9C59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A3300A0D75D339E4338A1892402C4315" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum approximatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="approximatum">Solanum approximatum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 86. 1913. Type. Jamaica. Saint Andrew: Hardwar Gap, 4,000 ft., 17 Jun 1903,
<emphasis id="534B738773D7B13AA0F26E678F8C2047" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G.E. Nichols 89</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed; lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="6DE2CAF952279AEF882FAB81FB716E40" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 80: NY [NY00111374]; isolectotypes: F [F0073167F, acc. # 147000], GH [GH00077545], MO [MO-503650, acc. # 1815480], US [US00027456, acc. # 429037], YU [YU065289]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C94D00CD47E66E6F24DC81CF68AE6190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="3F9FEFA1FE8747A7DB795013B40A6DBF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum amethystinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amethystinum">Solanum amethystinum</taxonomicName>
(Kuntze) Heiser, Ceiba 4: 296. 1955. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="6BD7DA927475AE0CAA1A1DF3D8FF8823" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. amethystinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="amethystinum">Solanum nigrum L. var. amethystinum</taxonomicName>
Kuntze.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B87F9FDC2ADA4271328C2C8E92BBBD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B058656A581045079E1CD6B1E41B2F96" authorityName="Heiser" authorityYear="1955" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum costaricense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricense">Solanum costaricense</taxonomicName>
Heiser, Ceiba 4: 297. 1955. Type. Costa Rica. Heredia: La Paz, by waterfall, on road to Vara Blanca, about 29 mi. from Heredia, 1,400 m, 13 Sep 1953,
<emphasis id="89AEC5A969FA794E440683B58544D83B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.B. Heiser 3536</emphasis>
(holotype [two sheet holotype]: IND [IND1000067, acc. # 95105; IND1000068, acc. # 95106]; isotypes: CORD [CORD00004189], US [04064608, acc. # 2485189]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8486142D3A2B32E95706E15E966D338F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DC28B7B9A1996B139615D3C1FC3CF5E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="70B0DCB98DB4631E34072DEE913F52A5">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E63F3D81C994E31B210BB9745E51D2BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="F4587A322636578F36411F4E14535CB9" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="de Yavezia, H. Galeotti" country="Mexico" location="Oaxaca" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="9DEF5707AF48C790C8FFD738F6B85A4C" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="EAC4D1441C5A19FD97AEDD0AD3969FB1" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
:
<normalizedToken id="4515E0A6BF3B65D4E436778AD2A1D69E" originalValue="“Cordillera”">&quot;Cordillera&quot;</normalizedToken>
[&quot;aux bords des ruiseaux de la cordillera
<collectorName id="450EB997F6ECF316EA9C3A3BF3A0CC84">de Yavezia</collectorName>
&quot;], Nov-Apr 1848,
<emphasis id="03ED6490EA2FCC9DCFFB0395CCD89B3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="1EB9693D190C8B9D8815D08EFEFA4331">H. Galeotti</collectorName>
1238
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="D1B5552DF3D319928E6E58685F845700">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="CEA52D9883B2DD0F6DF8126415AD4C6A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B53" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974a. [1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="F2C40E419391B1CA8575305DD84B788D" originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 737: P [P00337261]; isolectotypes: BR [BR000000825045, BR0000008250483], W [acc. # 0022312, acc. # 1889-0291397])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44B56A6D5624E9FDFE58C8499CE2505A" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure101" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897562" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 101" startId="F101">
<paragraph id="56827FCDBE7459951C04892FFB846C2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="ADE8AAC131103BFEA3869FF487E788F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 101.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4D623BEF864A240B4746380BF3EF7808" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="41B086A4A6F2C2254A30FB82CF4ACD06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BB7B510B946A80939B2A06D5B1F0F58F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
new shoot
<emphasis id="54D7A2A6CAF2316A7F1B7B02BE593E3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis id="BF9A87365BE8CFFB19979364C9E3030E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
inflorescence with mature fruit (
<emphasis id="8133D7BA945E6BDDBB7AB09B2B6C1895" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8C0A589C82B8311D7B97F74B4A0E1648" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ventura 672</emphasis>
). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="E83E4989DEE48B96AE808DD4219044C2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
: 81).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="412A3044F991738BFCED2BE3B197E196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="82A3F954C9C4179DD72BB1D13BAECCE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71EE518DF37FBA8A99598A11EB653B49" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial herbs to 3 m high, sometimes epiphytic. Stems terete or more usually angled to ridged, green or sometimes tinged purplish green, usually lax and somewhat scrambling, glabrescent to sparsely pubescent with antrorse simple eglandular uniseriate trichomes to 1 mm long, these white when dry and usually somewhat curved, occasionally on older stems the trichome bases enlarged and forming spinescent processes; new growth more densely pubescent. Sympodial units difoliate, geminate or not, the leaves if paired of similar size and shape. Leaves simple, often shallowly lobed, the blades (1.5)4-10.5(15) cm long, (0.5)2-5(7.5) cm wide, elliptic to elliptic ovate, widest at the middle, membranous, concolorous or somewhat discolorous; surfaces sparsely to moderately pubescent with simple eglandular uniseriate trichomes to 1 mm long, these denser on the veins and abaxially; principal veins 5-6 pairs; base abruptly attenuate, usually decurrent on the petiole; margins entire to sinuate or dentate, the teeth irregular and unevenly spaced, often larger in the basal half of the lamina; apex acute or occasionally acuminate; petiole 0.5-2 cm long, sparsely pubescent like the stems and leaves. Inflorescence internodal, unbranched to occasionally forked, 1-3.5 cm long, with (2)5-10 flowers clustered at the tip (sub-umbelliform) or spaced along the axis (depending on inflorescence age), sparsely pubescent with antrorse simple eglandular trichomes like the stems; flowering-bearing portion 0.3-1 cm long; peduncle 1-2.5 cm long, slender, spreading; pedicels 0.4-0.7 cm long, slender and threadlike, spreading at anthesis, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the apex, sparsely pubescent like the inflorescence axis, articulated at the base. Buds ellipsoid with blunt tips, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube long before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1-1.2 mm, conical, the lobes 0.5-0.8(1) mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, broadly deltate to deltate, the apices acute or occasionally somewhat rounded. Corolla 0.8-1 cm in diameter, white or less often pale purple, with a green or yellow-green (very occasionally dark purple) central portion near the base of the lobes, stellate, lobed ca. 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 3-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, narrowly triangular, reflexed or spreading, densely papillate abaxially, the papillae ca. 0.1 mm long, denser at the tips and margins. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.5-2 mm long, densely pubescent adaxially with tangled simple trichomes; anthers 2-2.8(3) mm long, 1-1.1 mm wide, yellow, ellipsoid or narrowly ellipsoid, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 3.5-5 mm long, usually somewhat curved, often exserted from the bud before anthesis, exserted beyond the anther cone at anthesis, densely pubescent in the basal 2/3 (the portion inside the anther cone), exserted from the anther cone; stigma minutely capitate, the surface papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter, dull green to purplish black at maturity, the pericarp thin and usually matte but sometimes slightly shiny, opaque, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, not markedly woody, spreading, not persistent or occasionally remaining on the inflorescence axis; fruiting calyx not accrescent, the tube ca. 1 mm long, the lobes 0.5-1.1 mm long, spreading and appressed to the berry, very occasionally somewhat reflexed. Seeds (5)10-50 per berry, 1.2-1.5 mm long, 1-1.1 mm wide, flattened and teardrop shaped, pale brown to yellow, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells square or pentagonal in shape, becoming elongate and rectangular near the subapical hilum. Stone cells 4-13, mostly commonly 5 or 6, rather large to ca. 0.5 mm in diameter. Chromosome number: n = 12 (
<bibRefCitation id="D7DDABD08D614545B167EB09E31B14B6" author="Heiser, CB" journalOrPublisher="Ceiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="293 - 299" refId="B101" refString="Heiser, CB, 1955. The Solanum nigrum complex in Costa Rica. Ceiba 4: 293 - 299" title="The Solanum nigrum complex in Costa Rica." volume="4" year="1955">Heiser 1955</bibRefCitation>
, voucher
<emphasis id="62A5BE927E61C0587D18AC1CAF293F86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heiser 3536</emphasis>
as
<taxonomicName id="CB9BB7CB75589E41E27FB90C678DE144" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. costaricense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="costaricense">
<emphasis id="DF456501881DA1B4637644C6D09834C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. costaricense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3D3008EFAB981AC6BA7FAB0A8EB40A81" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" author="Heiser, CB" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="471 - 488" refId="B103" refString="Heiser, CB, Soria, J, Burton, DL, 1965. A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids. American Naturalist 99 (909): 471 - 488, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" title="A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" volume="99" year="1965">Heiser et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
, voucher
<emphasis id="7DC7BF4DA2B4BDEA373B1E46D17F3340" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heiser S106</emphasis>
as
<taxonomicName id="8C9018E1A7042F31E734E3E21C123C8A" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. amethystinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="amethystinum">
<emphasis id="9A0F8A0A1EF2605568C121C9B09FB06A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. amethystinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)..
</paragraph>
<caption id="5BB5321B43811E4598C5D00F029BEDDA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure102" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897563" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 102" startId="F102">
<paragraph id="362C61BFC3F5062366FA43874E5F8E68" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="AA4E7A8764BE3A483B9D4BE172C05C7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 102.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFCC107E82B70F0E29B742734A923D56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="76CD3315498789E08DD15007F1DE20B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2579005D7F676B859292BE63AB0823D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
leaves
<emphasis id="4ACDA33D43E41D183727F3630735EF5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flowering branch
<emphasis id="A8DD46ACDE836108587E852C1C1A0333" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
inflorescence with flowers at full anthesis
<emphasis id="C567548FE925DD1145DD292117B4975E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
developing fruits (
<emphasis id="BBFD889282724E142FAA548C3990DCCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AA9438FD5AEA4B611ECC71227AB982DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amith et al. F0055</emphasis>
). Photos by M. Gorostiza Salazar. Previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="EB27D7FD850DD979A077C066860663F7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
: 82).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F868FF348AF48F65C7E44AD2FFD6ECDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FC93FFA96F1994071CAA23F9337637C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12A86062892C430669B5811FFBCFC376" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="33C8EE39A31DDB3E260E9BED241123EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="A374FFCF55D332C05DFC1F338C76093B" captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 103. Distribution map of Solanum nigrescens in South America. For distribution in North and Central America and the Caribbean, see Knapp et al. (2019: 84)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897564" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">103</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3C48A640DE2469062FB93921BA305405" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="6ECF589168290EE89823E7F216577EC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species ranging from the southeastern United States of America through Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean; in South America it occurs in Colombia (Depts.
<normalizedToken id="A6194B4DBBC9A91894B66887302B01AB" originalValue="Atlántico">Atlantico</normalizedToken>
, Antioquia,
<normalizedToken id="437C4F9A4153D5D86E03FB3A3D77CB10" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="8B0DC7D02167259E7536C5C719189140" originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
, Caldas,
<normalizedToken id="1861A676D8B6BAC100F5F2930AA1E0D4" originalValue="Caquetá">Caqueta</normalizedToken>
, Cauca, Cesar,
<normalizedToken id="E0778C8ED59DC489D584A483D4498354" originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta,
<normalizedToken id="F5A5EEA7ADF3F78C826A1CC0C1553782" originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
, Quindio, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle de Cauca), Ecuador (Provs. Chimborazo, Pichincha, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe), Venezuela (States of Apure, Aragua,
<normalizedToken id="B269CF2715F7C857B74FAEBAA10C9758" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, Capital, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Lara,
<normalizedToken id="ED236EF718F7ECCEF9D6A29E4F6C5450" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre,
<normalizedToken id="402EA5C3BF9C12DDE3693AB68C3EC098" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia) and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8108D533F493A51FD1AF65F4646AC1A8" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897564" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 103" startId="F103">
<paragraph id="38FBAC7E40AC93F43CA2500665FB5692" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7D2B4E221D63EF1EACEFA5F45B182ECF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 103.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="AE72B34062DC89B9DAA66B78D7DF4442" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="8642F9AA561ECFE7A95CE85938359A05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in South America. For distribution in North and Central America and the Caribbean, see
<bibRefCitation id="BC2FBB2F9FAF3AB3F7DABC5E4D9D0C6E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
: 84).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F7CC917405EEBED7A1B5B50BB83C25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="3678A1FD831F64B2FA3693A4CE7C8CEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21E198D602D2FD0CC6171AB68EA09122" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="13121A6B3577591E91EA43C35106B978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="2FAEC658C8F18A4A3546F2F593A92BC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most commonly collected from open areas in cloud forests, deciduous forests and pine forests between sea level and 3,000 m elevation in South America, but most common at lower elevations (ca. 1,500 m).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3526D0FECB6BCA37C1B737B70F10F99D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="71662C5722666F3149BD92B5F998DF24" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C403ED97E35B23735DBF7ABF45F5C486" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Colombia. Caldas: yerba mora (
<emphasis id="46333813AF9437D45737E5BD2A3D1F06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="74E7232DA60895207E2777C4224D3ACA" genus="Grisales" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Grisales</taxonomicName>
9
</emphasis>
); Santander: yerba mora (
<emphasis id="6910BBC14ADF59280F32771CB91A2186" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="C2D2AB7F230F2D5933386C5CA840F24D" originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<normalizedToken id="C908FCEAE75432468DDD817AFF7BABFA" originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
31
</emphasis>
). Ecuador. Azuay:
<normalizedToken id="6112AD363A8DA7C7B964C3C64F119BCD" originalValue="mortiño">mortino</normalizedToken>
negro (
<emphasis id="B7A77ABC5C1BF29D152308A897DC2FA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="4F4CE716C20AE77681AB872DB3FD7161" originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
15905
</emphasis>
);
<normalizedToken id="39D197CD515891F13661651987A3C000" originalValue="Cañar">Canar</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken id="8ECA3F11E2B246CBE10A3E925E2DA1B6" originalValue="mortiño">mortino</normalizedToken>
blanco (
<emphasis id="46272A680297CC9E52297564D2DD54DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kohn 1469</emphasis>
); Chimborazo: hierba mora (
<emphasis id="99431439C9BE15270233DDF8DAE2DBBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="717EA6CB0B7B5741E6DAA757220695AA" originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
15905 [b
</emphasis>
]). Leaves widely used a potherb (
<normalizedToken id="A38BD61312B6D449C748B07BA6F1228A" originalValue="“quelite”">&quot;quelite&quot;</normalizedToken>
) in Mexico and Central America, but we have not seen this use recorded on South American specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44FEF946EBAAABB43539AD799199F92E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="2E78C7A0CA96CFBADD5550E1BE775437" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="410F372BE3BEB8EC720034E688E12BA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="11AB78D12335DD5036D1D01EABA7BE13" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC49EB0E43384BA2C9918BB0CD151EA4" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 21,536,739 km2 [LC]; AOO = 4,260 km2 [EN]; calculated on entire species range.
<taxonomicName id="784C92F564361FC947731EB2AAE51020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="712D5733CCFF2A92988FB0F1C633AF64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread and weedy in the southern United States, throughout Mexico and Central America and in the Caribbean; it also occurs in northern South America. It has been registered as a noxious weed of agriculture in Louisiana (
<bibRefCitation id="B1A3CABC8A20B0BD77DA96F3BCA0048E" author="Orgeron, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 43" refId="B176" refString="Orgeron, AJ, Schilling, EE, Urbatsch, LE, Ma, Q, Spaunhorst, DJ, 2018. Solanum nigrescens: A potentially problematic nightshade weed species in Louisiana sugarcane. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 38: 23 - 43" title="Solanum nigrescens: A potentially problematic nightshade weed species in Louisiana sugarcane." volume="38" year="2018">Orgeron et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8751ED3DC091D4B5B36086A4861EE17C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BB8D8D89199DA5B74FBB0C39B4824763" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4352DC82C11DBC530D24A5CF30E49A6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E47D292EBE325DC35B464DF8E06EB3A8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="F276DA69B380F589824C314E6B3E6172" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the commonest and most widely distributed of all morelloid species in northern South America, Central America and the Caribbean. It is very variable morphologically, perhaps due to its wide ecological tolerance and occurrence in many different habitats. It is sympatric or occurs parapatrically with
<taxonomicName id="D6F9E77905B8AEBCE2C2F83D4F65DA90" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="C397FEDCE48EB2D84141DF683F434B1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and may hybridise with it in the southeastern United States (see
<bibRefCitation id="53EA4BC8DECC23061193E352DE6693F8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Putative hybrids have not been seen from South America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="618A6124FA641D436A032141DC51BE5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Where
<taxonomicName id="F5E7CBE780BD70E0436FCF97085DEC12" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="BB776E1EC378C6A0B05E364CAD542A16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="404C55F573E952CF6528082C01D74AA5" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="2180CEB526C9D9CD83EA4852A1D13AE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in sympatry, the matte berries with appressed to spreading calyx lobes of
<taxonomicName id="440CFED9E8097A6C3C5153FBCDACFF3F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B55BF94CB61F08BAEBAD073B71EA1A23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinct from the shiny berries with strongly reflexed tiny calyx lobes of
<taxonomicName id="1E45B472B1B2084AE458400224BC615F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="57091FE72FB7772D7598C3480581711D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; anther length also differs (0.7-1.5 mm in
<taxonomicName id="486B08045C5DB2D0CC477CA196AEB749" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B892AD823D7AFB38B2809B69DF690CE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus 2-2.8(3) mm in
<taxonomicName id="76A2B68FE14DE3D8E0BC5912857C4BCD" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="73209E2920AFF0A442D9046E99AB45D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="AB15C21F1B7A4F503AE4DFD5ADFB8D06" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B11448067A9C654EC86FD13F4ED45007" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar and sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="FE559C1D787D82E1D4761424BD6BB41D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis id="ED2A1576B2361E8A3D203C07703EF4D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from that species in its shorter anthers (1-8-2.5 mm long versus (2.7)3-4 mm long) and spreading (versus strongly deflexed) pedicels in fruit. Like most morelloid species,
<taxonomicName id="9CB1E0A3667AEE8BC0A9D06773FB760C" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="4688B01876CAF7842E9670688958355B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very weedy and occupies a wide range of disturbed and undisturbed habitats.
<taxonomicName id="788D22CBFF05E64A6A33C5A3D4533D5E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="E9E11CE3DFA418A65F0216B06FF25615" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a perennial and has been reported to be epiphytic in some situations (
<bibRefCitation id="0F874931A8BD87F44AD760086188D337" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B53" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974a. [1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="F0CEEAECE29D0AF30DA7A51F169E5BFE" originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="31C04A066F131CB856411BEDE0236CF1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395032" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="819 - 867" refId="B54" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974b. Solanum and its close relatives in Florida. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 61 (3): 819 - 867, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395032" title="Solanum and its close relatives in Florida." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395032" volume="61" year="1974 b">b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1836F9A9726F0012737A17CC2D7BA54E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Material identified as
<taxonomicName id="0E8D88DB0C639273137E13A58D87BE48" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="202FF1E9E4C8922A512059AB7B5E2DE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F93301B6FFFBE4307A4660344DF0C679" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0531-4" author="Manoko, MLK" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B153" refString="Manoko, MLK, van den Berg, RG, Feron, RMC, van der Weerden, GM, Mariani, C, 2007. AFLP markers support separation of Solanum nodiflorum from Solanum americanum sensu stricto (Solanaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 267 (1-4): 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0531-4" title="AFLP markers support separation of Solanum nodiflorum from Solanum americanum sensu stricto (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0531-4" volume="267" year="2007">Manoko et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
represents specimens of
<taxonomicName id="FDDFB20184D717EAC3C7090042393984" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="04DB8541B9E38E884F181CFF8C9D049F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="944B1D646932775D3D331AFE45011EE4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="1DE6A6A249C43C265936304A47A5886E" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: 61).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BBDA9D27E28308A8F4B4B547EDD04CB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="B16D12077934871AF034807BCB68C6BE" author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="114 - 163" refId="B20" refString="Bitter, G, 1914a. Weitere Untersuchungen ueber das Vorkommen von Steinzellkonkretionen im Fruchtfleisch beerentragender Solanaceen. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen 23: 114 - 163" title="Weitere Untersuchungen ueber das Vorkommen von Steinzellkonkretionen im Fruchtfleisch beerentragender Solanaceen." volume="23" year="1914 a">Bitter (1914a)</bibRefCitation>
reported large numbers of stone cells in the berries of many of the names we consider synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="34C0B6F18B9AE13FE086702DBBBAA993" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="1F704BF4659333665424BD1E26319E53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In general,
<taxonomicName id="9B45805A9961C7047DAA53ED52ED667A" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="D502E4E167509B48C3708C717F8F1F0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more stone cells in its berries than do other similar taxa, but these can be difficult to see as some of them are very tiny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="074E993AA7BEA6583E1212A8BB747713" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Details of typification of
<taxonomicName id="68B3AC607AEB406A6FA8F4C42853E6BB" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B62223E27C76B06AFED364A9F5272744" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its many synonyms can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="BDFA6BB29816B17ABC8D3B02ADA220F0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink