365 lines
46 KiB
XML
365 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="2DD15374A4C5C8D9A118F03003DB9D83" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFC9EF6A6A8AFF15FBFAFED7" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Leptoconops (Holoconops) americanus Carter" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="F2052A0F71799EF21CD037854546DC05" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="23F699738DB4149C5827CCA89D65B284">
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<mods:title id="5CE2A7C356CA6D620F1378C8BD420FD5">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FEAA63131258CA750D91BAAF0DB194CB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="33C2BE8F4E6EA816BB760CDE81F5F2CB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4069FCDC6E130183BB8605FCDFDEB9F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2FA2ED24C58211638E70547C83E8C17C">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4C2D15701B0B7CFDC87FBCC43FB5BDE">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B08D3D7AB6E5CA6CC36F0676F7C53821">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="69373C1F8BE513626EE5602A2EAE8AF5">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="903C9067368584A188FC031BCD7C6619">
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<mods:date id="DA2B97B873B8BA844DE4C41415758670">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="64A7F91164783F9D72171C905C528C33" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="5F3760F9C3829B3D73E729D044DD51B1">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail id="C7204A168445E6D4BF2589E43C1F8FB4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7F1765BEE689E75200279942E1F62E7D">2022</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="885F88E51526D78001C8A0CE467014DB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="910572FB1E5503668445C99DE1AC2E26">907</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="306184D86E6A0FA0123ECBEF69C2D978">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="25FB659730462D4AF64BBDC99A45F0E1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="56C0EA311BF209ED2C8ED901EBC5A159" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77FF184FE8ACA662DD9EB0FBE88EB9C2" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BCCA55CD451523E29B3A5C5AB7133BF8" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFC9EF6A6A8AFF15FBFAFED7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391702" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFC9EF6A6A8AFF15FBFAFED7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFC9EF6A6A8AFF15FBFAFED7" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC9EF696A8AFF15FCCEFF17" box="[192,770,213,243]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AFF15FCCEFF17" blockId="21.[192,770,213,276]" box="[192,770,213,243]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFC9EF696A8AFF15FCCEFF17" box="[192,770,213,243]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696A8AFF15FCCEFF17" ID-CoL="8CHSQ" authority="Carter" authorityName="Carter" box="[192,770,213,243]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus" subGenus="Holoconops">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AFF15FCCEFF17" bold="true" box="[192,770,213,243]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AFF15FE91FF16" bold="true" box="[192,349,214,242]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Leptoconops</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696B24FF16FDCCFF16" bold="true" box="[366,512,213,242]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Holoconops</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF69685BFF15FD6AFF16" bold="true" box="[529,678,214,242]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americanus</emphasis>
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||
Carter
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC9EF696A8AFF39FEFAFEF0" box="[192,310,250,276]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AFF39FEFAFEF0" blockId="21.[192,770,213,276]" box="[192,310,250,276]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF696A82FF39FECBFEF0" box="[200,263,250,276]" captionStart="Figures 9–15. 9" captionStartId="164.[192,279,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[196,1431,251,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-103@164.[192,1440,251,1730]" captionTargetPageId="164" captionText="Figures 9–15. 9) Leptoconops americanus female clypeus, setae (s). 10) L. knowltoni female clypeus. 11) L. knowltoni female palpal segment 3. 12) L. carteri female palpal segment 3 (Yolo County, CA). 13) L. werneri female tarsomeres 4–5 and claw (paratype, Imperial County, CA [UCRC]). 14) L. werneri male genitalia, ventral view, tergite 9 apicolateral processes (T9alp), meso-posterior lobe setae (s) (Riverside County, CA [UCRC]). 15) L. belkini male genitalia, ventral view, tergite 9 sclerotized lobe (L) (Riverside County, CA [UCRC])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391690/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF696B58FF39FEE2FEF0" box="[274,302,250,276]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="167.[192,279,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[266,1363,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-71@167.[192,1440,216,1770]" captionTargetPageId="167" captionText="Figures 27–32. Female Leptoconops. 27) L. knowltoni flagellomeres 9–11, median black seta (s). Spermathecae (sp), diverticulum (d), neck (spn). 28) L. foulki. 29) L. americanus. 30) L. sublettei flagellomeres 3–6, flagellomere 4 seta bases (sb), hyaline sensory seta (hss). Palpal segment 3. 31) L. sublettei. 32) L. foulki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391698/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">29</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC9EF696AAAFEE0FEF1FD0E" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696AAAFEE0FBFDFEBD" blockId="21.[224,1442,290,746]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFC9EF696AAAFEE0FBFDFEBD" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFC9EF696AAAFEE0FCCDFEDE" author="Carter HF" box="[224,769,290,314]" page="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" year="1921">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696AAAFEE0FCCDFEDE" ID-CoL="8CHSQ" authority="Carter, 1921: 22" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1921" box="[224,769,290,314]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kerteszi" variety="americanus">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696AAAFEE0FE7DFEDE" box="[224,433,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Leptoconops kerteszi</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696BA9FEE0FD96FEDE" box="[483,602,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americanus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF69682AFEE1FCCDFEDE" author="Carter HF" box="[608,769,290,314]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref128699" refString="Carter HF. 1921. A revision of the genus Leptoconops, Skuse. Bulletin of Entomological Research 12: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1921">Carter, 1921: 22</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key; female;
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||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF6969DAFEE1FC0AFEDE" box="[912,966,290,314]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Utah</collectingRegion>
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||
; fig. head, palpus, claw, antenna, wing stigma;
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||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696B4AFE82FEFBFEBD" box="[256,311,321,345]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Utah</collectingRegion>
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||
).
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696B0DFE81FDD1FEBD" author="Rees DM & Smith JV" box="[327,541,321,345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref138691" refString="Rees DM, Smith JV. 1950. Effective control methods used on biting gnats in Utah during 1949 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Mosquito News 10: 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1950">
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Rees and
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696BE3FE82FE2BFEBD" box="[425,487,321,345]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Smith</collectingRegion>
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||
1950
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
(in part; biology).
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696891FE81FCBBFEBD" author="Rees DM & Collett GC & Winget RN" box="[731,887,321,345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref138623" refString="Rees DM, Collett GC, Winget RN. 1969. The Leptoconops problem in Utah. Proceedings of the Utah Mosquito Abatement Association 22: 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1969">Rees et al. 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part; biology).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696AAAFEA3FE11FE73" blockId="21.[224,1442,290,746]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFC9EF696AAAFEA3FE11FE73" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFC9EF696AAAFEA3FCEFFE9C" author="Johannsen OA" box="[224,803,352,376]" page="776" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" year="1943">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696AAAFEA3FCEFFE9C" authority=": Johannsen 1943: 776" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityPageNumber="776" authorityYear="1943" box="[224,803,352,376]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Holoconops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kerteszi" variety="americana">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696AAAFEA3FE65FE9C" box="[224,425,352,376]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Holoconops kerteszi</emphasis>
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||
var.
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696B93FEA2FD8AFE9C" box="[473,582,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696818FEA3FCEFFE9C" author="Johannsen OA" box="[594,803,352,376]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="763 - 791" refId="ref132629" refString="Johannsen OA. 1943. A generic synopsis of the Ceratopogonidae (Heleidae) of the Americas, a bibliography, and a list of the North American species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 36: 763 - 791." type="journal article" year="1943">Johannsen 1943: 776</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(combination; misspelled as feminine “
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696EFCFEA2FAEFFE9C" box="[1206,1315,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americana</emphasis>
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||
”; fig. female wing, male genitalia).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696AAAFE5CFCF7FE17" blockId="21.[224,1442,290,746]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFC9EF696AAAFE5CFCF7FE17" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFC9EF696AAAFE5CFC42FE52" author="Clastrier J & Wirth WW" box="[224,910,414,438]" page="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" year="1978">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696AAAFE5CFC42FE52" ID-CoL="8CHSQ" authority=": Clastrier and Wirth 1978: 16" authorityName=": Clastrier and Wirth" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1978" box="[224,910,414,438]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus" subGenus="Holoconops">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696AAAFE5CFE91FE52" box="[224,349,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Leptoconops</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696B20FE5DFE13FE52" box="[362,479,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Holoconops</emphasis>
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||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696BA6FE5DFDAFFE51" box="[492,611,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americanus</emphasis>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696824FE5DFC42FE52" author="Clastrier J & Wirth WW" box="[622,910,414,438]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref128879" refString="Clastrier J, Wirth WW. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1573: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1978">Clastrier and Wirth 1978: 16</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(status; key; female, male, pupa; fig. female antenna, palpus, spermathecae, fore tarsomere 1, wing, male genitalia, aedeagus, parameres, gonostylus, palpus, pupal cephalothorax, respiratory horn, abdominal segments;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF6968B3FE18FCFCFE17" box="[761,816,475,499]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696AAAFE38FD81FD8B" blockId="21.[224,1442,290,746]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696AAAFE38FDF3FDF6" ID-CoL="8CHTL" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" box="[224,575,506,530]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi" subGenus="Holoconops">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696AAAFE38FE91FDF6" box="[224,349,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696B27FE39FE2EFDF6" box="[365,482,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Holoconops</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696BBBFE39FDF3FDF6" box="[497,575,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">kerteszi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, misidentified:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF6968ABFE39FC58FDF6" author="Wirth WW" box="[737,916,506,530]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="95 - 266" refId="ref142682" refString="Wirth WW. 1952 a. The Heleidae of California. University of California Publications in Entomology 9: 95 - 266." type="journal article" year="1952">Wirth 1952a: 113</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part; key; female; male genitalia; biology).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696F30FE38FEAFFDD5" author="Fox I." pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="214 - 285" refId="ref130377" refString="Fox I. 1955. A catalogue of the bloodsucking midges of the Americas (Culicoides, Leptoconops and Lasiohelea) with keys to the subgenera and Nearctic species, a geographic index, and bibliography. Journal of Agriculture of University of Puerto Rico 39: 214 - 285." type="journal article" year="1955">Fox 1955: 263</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(key; taxonomy),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696868FDD9FD6AFDD5" author="Lawyer PG" box="[546,678,537,562]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" refId="ref134018" refString="Lawyer PG. 1971. Colonization and biology of the biting gnat Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) [MS thesis]. University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT. 79 p." type="book" year="1971">Lawyer 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(biology; fig. female habitus, egg, larva, pupa;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696ED8FDDAFB05FDD5" box="[1170,1225,537,561]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696E91FDDAFE9AFDB4" author="Wirth WW & Atchley WR" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref142906" refString="Wirth WW, Atchley WR. 1973. A review of the North American Leptoconops (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Graduate Studies Texas Tech University 5: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1973">Wirth and Atchley 1973: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part; key; female, male; fig. female wing, head, genitalia, spermathecae, hind tibial comb, fore tarsomeres 1 and 2, male genitalia; biology).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696AAAFDB5FE6CFD48" blockId="21.[224,1442,290,746]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696AAAFDB5FE7DFD6A" ID-CoL="8CHTL" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" box="[224,433,630,654]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696AAAFDB5FE7DFD6A" box="[224,433,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Leptoconops kerteszi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, misidentified:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF69681BFDB5FCF9FD6A" author="Rees DM & Winget RN" box="[593,821,630,654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="121 - 127" refId="ref138724" refString="Rees DM, Winget RN. 1970. Current investigations in Utah of the biting gnat Leptoconops kerteszi. Mosquito News 30: 121 - 127." type="journal article" year="1970">Rees and Winget 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part; biology).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF6969BFFDB5FB5DFD6A" author="Rees DM & Lawyer PG & Winget RN" box="[1013,1169,630,654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="266 - 271" refId="ref138653" refString="Rees DM, Lawyer PG, Winget RN. 1971. Colonization of Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer by anautogenous and autogenous reproduction a (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 8: 266 - 271." type="journal article" year="1971">Rees et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(biology; fig. anterior segments of larva).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696AAAFD70FEF1FD0E" blockId="21.[224,1442,290,746]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFC9EF696AAAFD70FEF1FD0E" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696AAAFD70FE58FD2F" ID-CoL="898TG" authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1893" box="[224,404,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Tersesthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrens">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696AAAFD70FE58FD2F" box="[224,404,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Tersesthes torrens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, misidentified:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFC9EF69687FFD77FD0FFD28" author="Pratt FC" box="[565,707,692,716]" page="28" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" year="1907">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF69687FFD77FD0FFD28" author="Pratt FC" box="[565,707,692,716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="23 - 28" refId="ref138458" refString="Pratt FC. 1907. Notes on punkies. U. S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology Bulletin 64: 23 - 28." type="journal article" year="1907">Pratt 1907: 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part: Salt Lake,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF6969C5FD70FC09FD2F" box="[911,965,691,715]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, specimens misidentified, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696F17FD77FEFFFD0E" author="Carter HF" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref128699" refString="Carter HF. 1921. A revision of the genus Leptoconops, Skuse. Bulletin of Entomological Research 12: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1921">Carter 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC9EF696A8AFD39FCA5FB4A" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AFD39FCA5FB4A" blockId="21.[191,1442,762,1198]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AFD39FEF1FCF0" bold="true" box="[192,317,762,788]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFC9EF696B07FD39FE7CFCF1" box="[333,432,762,789]" captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="150.[192,255,781,809]" captionText="Table 13.Quantitative characters of Leptoconops. Data in () are variations. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. T9alp = male tergite9 apicolateral processes. f13/f12 = length of flagellomere13 divided by the length of flagellomere12. Wing, proboscis, teeth, setae, and spine data are compiled from Clastrier and Wirth (1978) for the Kerteszi group species and Wirth and Atchley (1973) for the others. Species marked (r) were not examined." pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Table 13</tableCitation>
|
||
) Body brown, femora and tibiae darker, tarsomeres brownish yellow; palpal segment 3 sensory pit as deep as wide, broadening internally on female (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF6969E3FCDFFBCAFCD2" box="[937,1030,796,823]" captionStart="Figures 9–15. 9" captionStartId="164.[192,279,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[196,1431,251,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-103@164.[192,1440,251,1730]" captionTargetPageId="164" captionText="Figures 9–15. 9) Leptoconops americanus female clypeus, setae (s). 10) L. knowltoni female clypeus. 11) L. knowltoni female palpal segment 3. 12) L. carteri female palpal segment 3 (Yolo County, CA). 13) L. werneri female tarsomeres 4–5 and claw (paratype, Imperial County, CA [UCRC]). 14) L. werneri male genitalia, ventral view, tergite 9 apicolateral processes (T9alp), meso-posterior lobe setae (s) (Riverside County, CA [UCRC]). 15) L. belkini male genitalia, ventral view, tergite 9 sclerotized lobe (L) (Riverside County, CA [UCRC])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391690/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFC9EF696992FCDEFBCAFCD2" box="[984,1030,797,823]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
|
||
11
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF6969BDFCDEFBCAFCD2" box="[1015,1030,797,822]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knowltoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF6969BDFCDEFBCAFCD2" box="[1015,1030,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696E59FCDFFB4EFCD2" box="[1043,1154,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">knowltoni</emphasis>
|
||
); clypeus with four setae, median pair <0.5 as far apart from each other as from corresponding lateral setae; mid tarsomere 1 with at least one submedian spine. Female: stigma posterior margin convex, distal tip rounded; antenna with 11 flagellomeres; flagellomere 11 with two submedian black setae at 0.6–0.7; flagellomere 4 dorsal hyaline sensory seta distal and medial to long black seta, out of axial alignment with corresponding sensory setae on flagellomeres 5–10 (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF696B08FC04FE68FC05" box="[322,420,967,993]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="167.[192,279,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[266,1363,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-71@167.[192,1440,216,1770]" captionTargetPageId="167" captionText="Figures 27–32. Female Leptoconops. 27) L. knowltoni flagellomeres 9–11, median black seta (s). Spermathecae (sp), diverticulum (d), neck (spn). 28) L. foulki. 29) L. americanus. 30) L. sublettei flagellomeres 3–6, flagellomere 4 seta bases (sb), hyaline sensory seta (hss). Palpal segment 3. 31) L. sublettei. 32) L. foulki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391698/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFC9EF696B39FC04FE68FC05" box="[371,420,967,993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
|
||
30
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696BDCFC0BFE68FC05" box="[406,420,968,993]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696BDCFC0BFE68FC05" box="[406,420,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696BF8FC04FDC3FC05" box="[434,527,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">sublettei</emphasis>
|
||
); hyaline sensory setae on flagellomeres 9–10 broadly separated; hind tarsomere 3 ~1.7× longer than 5; spermathecae ovoid, without caplike diverticulum; cerci>3× longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF696F19FC2AFA5EFBE7" box="[1363,1426,1001,1027]" captionStart="Figures 1–2" captionStartId="162.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[491,1142,213,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-38@162.[194,1442,213,1806]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="Figures 1–2. Female lateral habitus (in alcohol). 1) Leptoconops (Holoconops) Kerteszi group. 2) Culicoides (Monoculicoides) sonorensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391686/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male: tergite 9 with distal shoulders abruptly narrowed to base of adjacent apicolateral processes, with a short dorso-posterior process, ventro-posterior setae separated by ~4× as much as separation of apicolateral processes; gonostylus with three ventral setae spread over 0.2–0.6 of gonostylus length (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF696EF9FB8CFAD9FB8D" box="[1203,1301,1103,1129]" captionStart="Figures 20–26. 20" captionStartId="166.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[266,1365,214,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-87@166.[194,1442,214,1769]" captionTargetPageId="166" captionText="Figures 20–26. 20) Leptoconops knowltoni male genitalia, ventral view, aedeagus (A), parameres (P), tergite 9 ventro-posterior setae (s), apicolateral processes (T9alp), gonostylus apical lamelliform expansion (Gsle). 21) L. foulki male genitalia, ventral view. 22) L. knowltoni gonostylus, ventral setae (vs). 23 L. foulki gonostylus. 24) L. foulki parameres (P), proximal tooth (t). Male tarsomere 5, basal seta (bS). 25) L. knowltoni. 26) L. foulki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391696/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFC9EF696EAEFB8CFAD9FB8D" box="[1252,1301,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
|
||
22
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696F4CFB93FAD9FB8D" box="[1286,1301,1104,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knowltoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696F4CFB93FAD9FB8D" box="[1286,1301,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696F68FB8CFA5DFB8D" box="[1314,1425,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">knowltoni</emphasis>
|
||
), apical lamelliform expansion only partly covering apical tooth (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF696990FBB2FBF2FB6F" box="[986,1086,1137,1163]" captionStart="Figures 20–26. 20" captionStartId="166.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[266,1365,214,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-87@166.[194,1442,214,1769]" captionTargetPageId="166" captionText="Figures 20–26. 20) Leptoconops knowltoni male genitalia, ventral view, aedeagus (A), parameres (P), tergite 9 ventro-posterior setae (s), apicolateral processes (T9alp), gonostylus apical lamelliform expansion (Gsle). 21) L. foulki male genitalia, ventral view. 22) L. knowltoni gonostylus, ventral setae (vs). 23 L. foulki gonostylus. 24) L. foulki parameres (P), proximal tooth (t). Male tarsomere 5, basal seta (bS). 25) L. knowltoni. 26) L. foulki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391696/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFC9EF696E46FBB2FBF2FB6F" box="[1036,1086,1137,1163]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
|
||
23
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696E7AFBB1FBF2FB6F" box="[1072,1086,1138,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foulki">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696E7AFBB1FBF2FB6F" box="[1072,1086,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696E06FBB2FB47FB6F" box="[1100,1163,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">foulki</emphasis>
|
||
); tarsomere 5 basal seta strictly erect, ~0.2 as long as segment (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFC9EF6968E4FB50FCC1FB49" box="[686,781,1171,1197]" captionStart="Figures 20–26. 20" captionStartId="166.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[266,1365,214,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-87@166.[194,1442,214,1769]" captionTargetPageId="166" captionText="Figures 20–26. 20) Leptoconops knowltoni male genitalia, ventral view, aedeagus (A), parameres (P), tergite 9 ventro-posterior setae (s), apicolateral processes (T9alp), gonostylus apical lamelliform expansion (Gsle). 21) L. foulki male genitalia, ventral view. 22) L. knowltoni gonostylus, ventral setae (vs). 23 L. foulki gonostylus. 24) L. foulki parameres (P), proximal tooth (t). Male tarsomere 5, basal seta (bS). 25) L. knowltoni. 26) L. foulki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391696/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFC9EF696894FB50FCC1FB49" box="[734,781,1171,1197]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
|
||
26
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF6968B4FB57FCC1FB49" box="[766,781,1172,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foulki">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF6968B4FB57FCC1FB49" box="[766,781,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696950FB50FC95FB49" box="[794,857,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">foulki</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC9EF696A8AFB7EFD16F8DE" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AFB7EFC5AFB1D" blockId="21.[192,1440,1213,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AFB7EFE90FB33" bold="true" box="[192,348,1213,1239]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696B29FB7EFE3CFB33" box="[355,496,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696BB6FB7EFD8CFB33" box="[508,576,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696807FB7EFD0DFB33" box="[589,705,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south through
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696932FB7EFC1CFB33" box="[888,976,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
, to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF6969B0FB7EFBBDFB33" box="[1018,1137,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696E37FB7EFB19FB33" box="[1149,1237,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF696EABFB7EFAD6FB33" box="[1249,1306,1213,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Box Elder, Grand, Millard, Tooele, Salt Lake,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF69680DFB1CFD67FB1E" box="[583,683,1247,1274]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="San Juan/Laventille" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">San Juan</collectingRegion>
|
||
counties),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC9EF69696FFB1CFC5EFB1D" box="[805,914,1247,1273]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AFACAFE91FA29" blockId="21.[192,1441,1289,1485]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AFACAFEB8FAC7" bold="true" box="[192,372,1289,1315]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Larval ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696B37FAC9FDD1FAC7" author="Lawyer PG" box="[381,541,1289,1316]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" refId="ref134018" refString="Lawyer PG. 1971. Colonization and biology of the biting gnat Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) [MS thesis]. University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT. 79 p." type="book" year="1971">Lawyer (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected immatures down to
|
||
<quantity id="A70002A0FFC9EF696935FACAFC09FAC0" box="[895,965,1289,1316]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
in sandy saline soil inhabited by various halophytes, including saltgrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF69687BFAE8FD2BFAA1" box="[561,743,1323,1349]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Distichlis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF69687BFAE8FD2BFAA1" box="[561,743,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Distichlis stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Torrey] Rydberg,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696989FAEFFBECFAA2" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[963,1056,1324,1350]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), red swampfire (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696EADFAE8FEFEFA83" authority="A. Nelson" authorityName="A. Nelson" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salicornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696EADFAE8FA6CFAA1" box="[1255,1440,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Salicornia rubra</emphasis>
|
||
A. Nelson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696B71FA8EFE3DFA8C" box="[315,497,1357,1384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), iodinebush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF6968DAFA8EFC5EFA83" box="[656,914,1357,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Allenrolfea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF6968DAFA8EFC5EFA83" box="[656,914,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Allenrolfea occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[S. Watson] Kuntze,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696E37FA8EFAFFFA8C" box="[1149,1331,1357,1384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and foxtail barley (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696B08FAACFD49FA6D" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[322,645,1391,1417]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hordeum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jubatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696B08FAACFDDFFA6D" box="[322,531,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Hordeum jubatum</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF6968DAFAB3FD27FA6E" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[656,747,1392,1418]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on the shores of the Great Salt Lake, the shores of fresh and brackish water bodies, from sandy marshes and lowlands, and from around the edge of the Kennecott Copper tailings pond.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AFA1EFDBEF9BA" blockId="21.[191,1440,1501,1630]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AFA1EFEFAFA1C" bold="true" box="[192,310,1501,1528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Life cycle.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696B77FA1DFE31FA1C" author="Rees DM & Lawyer PG & Winget RN" box="[317,509,1501,1528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="266 - 271" refId="ref138653" refString="Rees DM, Lawyer PG, Winget RN. 1971. Colonization of Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer by anautogenous and autogenous reproduction a (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 8: 266 - 271." type="journal article" year="1971">Rees et al. (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
colonized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696831FA1DFCD6FA13" authorityName=": Clastrier and Wirth" authorityYear="1978" box="[635,794,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696831FA1DFD45FA13" box="[635,649,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF6968DDFA1DFCD6FA13" box="[663,794,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from near the Great Salt Lake and found a life cycle of 30–250 d and several generations a year, eggs and larvae overwinter, eggs survive extended drought and high temperatures, and adult females will feed on rabbit, guinea pig, and human, mate singly or in swarms, live ~8 d, and can reproduce autogenously.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AF9AEFD2EF90B" blockId="21.[192,1442,1645,1775]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AF9AEFEBFF963" bold="true" box="[192,371,1645,1671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Adult behavior</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696BC8F9ADFD7BF96C" author="Clastrier J & Wirth WW" box="[386,695,1646,1672]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref128879" refString="Clastrier J, Wirth WW. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1573: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1978">Clastrier and Wirth (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported adults collected from a calf, deer, sheep, rabbits, and a golden eagle nest.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696BDBF953FD58F94F" author="Strickman D & Wirtz R & Lawyer P & Glick J & Stockwell S & Perich M." box="[401,660,1680,1707]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="15 - 20" refId="ref141131" refString="Strickman D, Wirtz R, Lawyer P, Glick J, Stockwell S, Perich M. 1995. Meteorological effects on the biting activity of Leptoconops americanus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 11: 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="1995">Strickman et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported maximum biting rates were in full sun, with no wind, and when the temperature is>15 °C. One female was collected biting me at ~1600 hours on
|
||
<date id="14468985FFC9EF696EDEF971FAE0F928" box="[1172,1324,1714,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" value="2021-04-12">
|
||
12 April
|
||
<quantity id="A70002A0FFC9EF696EBDF971FAE0F928" box="[1271,1324,1714,1740]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13334" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="2021.0">2021</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Hunter Canyon, Grand County (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFC9EF696B93F917FD8FF90B" box="[473,579,1748,1775]" degrees="38.504" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="38.504">38.504°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFC9EF696803F917FD1AF90B" box="[585,726,1748,1775]" degrees="109.5828" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-109.5828">109.5828°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF696A8AF93DFD16F8DE" blockId="21.[191,1440,1790,1850]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AF93DFE8FF8FC" bold="true" box="[192,323,1790,1816]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Symbionts.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC9EF696B02F93DFE29F8FC" author="Lawyer PG" box="[328,485,1790,1816]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" refId="ref134018" refString="Lawyer PG. 1971. Colonization and biology of the biting gnat Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) [MS thesis]. University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT. 79 p." type="book" year="1971">Lawyer (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed colonized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF69688CF93CFCA9F8FC" authorityName=": Clastrier and Wirth" authorityYear="1978" box="[710,869,1790,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF69688CF93CFD19F8FC" box="[710,725,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF6968A8F93CFCA9F8FC" box="[738,869,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being predated on by a nematode and others fatally internally parasitized by mermithid nematodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC9EF6A6A8AF889FBFAFED7" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC9EF6A6A8AF889FBFAFED7" blockId="21.[192,1440,1866,1926]" lastBlockId="22.[192,1440,214,307]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696A8AF889FEFCF880" bold="true" box="[192,304,1866,1892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC9EF696B23F888FDC4F880" authorityName=": Clastrier and Wirth" authorityYear="1978" box="[361,520,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696B23F888FEB4F880" box="[361,376,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC9EF696BCFF888FDC4F880" box="[389,520,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females collected in Grand County lack obvious submedian dark setae on flagellomere 11, have only slightly blunt wing stigma intermediate between figures 2A and 2B of Clastrier and Wirth, and have only the delicate median spines of mid tarsomere 1 as illustrated in figure 4E of Clastrier and Wirth.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFCAEF6A6A8BFF3BFE7DFEF5" author="Brenner RJ & Wargo MJ & Mulla MS" box="[193,433,247,274]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" pagination="447 - 459" refId="ref128271" refString="Brenner RJ, Wargo MJ, Mulla MS. 1984 a. Bionomics and vector potential of Leptoconops foulki and L. knowltoni (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the lower desert of Southern California, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology 21: 447 - 459." type="journal article" year="1984">Brenner et al. (1984a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discuss the difficulty of seeing the flagellomere 11 seta on female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFCAEF6A6EC5FF3BFAD6FEF5" box="[1167,1306,247,274]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knowltoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFCAEF6A6EC5FF3BFB52FEF5" box="[1167,1182,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFCAEF6A6EE1FF34FAD6FEF5" box="[1195,1306,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">knowltoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; hence, this characteristic may also be inconsistent or difficult to discern on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFCAEF6A69DBFED9FBFCFED7" authorityName=": Clastrier and Wirth" authorityYear="1978" box="[913,1072,281,307]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFCAEF6A69DBFED9FC6CFED7" box="[913,928,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFCAEF6A69E7FED9FBFCFED7" box="[941,1072,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |