190 lines
23 KiB
XML
190 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="85766693BB04B4918165F2D33ECDB019" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFACEF0D6A8AF905FC2CFBF3" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides atchleyi Wirth and Blanton" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="266117EDC9D260FD210A8DF3C9475C03">
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<mods:title id="8D72FE548FEF0080AEF1C4764074183B">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="03C59615D932F4F5B64E36147A2EE530" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="020396E61C203B30A82C5C693D5C330B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="61944B58A3CFD3604853FC88352722D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="25616520BF5446972B961083D0B051EC">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="22FE7599E81771A62E32A4F50E8A5475">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DE3BC14F95CB18C2127DB4F245E4EF40">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6C9AC360EC681E3AA0C8B6FB9B3407F1">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EA8FDCDB36B73A475CC48EAD55CDE914">
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<mods:date id="68A41EB3BD59E3BE7CD9BE4B702037A0">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="49F98D71551412221153CD09A5C10042">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B16F95E801A9C22FDF519B25C124B0AC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="91420FED79F9A4F8EA1F955D58625650">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6B796183ADE5F471BCEA5AFFF962E8CD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B465EE7B401682183CBFA1DA1A001AA5">907</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BA7A96BE4A43E367696A4FF76D4475D1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="918236BF835A313D85BB8FE388EC523E" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D494B4E45C02B9C660A55B8D3EBEAD54" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A4323F8554277F027C20B9D9948DF8F6" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFACEF0D6A8AF905FC2CFBF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391801" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFACEF0D6A8AF905FC2CFBF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFACEF0D6A8AF905FC2CFBF3" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFACEF0C6A8AF905FD66F906" box="[192,682,1734,1763]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AF905FD66F906" blockId="112.[192,682,1734,1796]" box="[192,682,1734,1763]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFACEF0C6A8AF905FD66F906" box="[192,682,1734,1763]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFACEF0C6A8AF905FD66F906" ID-CoL="6C2HR" authority="Wirth and Blanton" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" box="[192,682,1734,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atchleyi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AF905FD66F906" bold="true" box="[192,682,1734,1763]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AF905FE62F907" bold="true" box="[192,430,1734,1763]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Culicoides atchleyi</emphasis>
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Wirth and Blanton
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFACEF0C6A8AF929FEC3F8E0" box="[192,271,1770,1796]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AF929FEC3F8E0" blockId="112.[192,682,1734,1796]" box="[192,271,1770,1796]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFACEF0C6A82F929FECBF8E0" box="[200,263,1770,1796]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="163.[192,279,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[220,1409,213,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@163.[192,1440,213,1803]" captionTargetPageId="163" captionText="Figures 3–8. Female wings with cells (lower case) and veins (upper case) labeled. 3) Culicoides stonei. 4) C. atchleyi (Bonneville County, ID). 5) Leptoconops torrens. Female abdomen, ventral view. 6) L. torrens. 7) C. stonei. 8) L. californiensis, dorsal habitus (in alcohol, Yuma County, AZ [Carl Olson, with permission])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391688/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFACEF0C6AAAF8D1FE4FF862" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6AAAF8D1FE4FF862" blockId="112.[224,1440,1810,1926]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFACEF0C6AAAF8D1FE4FF862" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFACEF0C6AAAF8D1FD3DF8CE" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" box="[224,753,1810,1834]" page="559" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" year="1969">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFACEF0C6AAAF8D1FD3DF8CE" ID-CoL="6C2HR" authority="Wirth and Blanton, 1969 a: 559" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" authorityPageNumber="559" authorityYear="1969" box="[224,753,1810,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atchleyi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6AAAF8D1FE6DF8CE" box="[224,417,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Culicoides atchleyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFACEF0C6BE0F8D1FD3DF8CE" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" box="[426,753,1810,1834]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref143045" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1969 a. New species and records of Culicoides from western North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 71: 556 - 567." type="journal article" year="1969">Wirth and Blanton, 1969a: 559</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(female, male; fig. female antenna, palpus, wing, eye separation, spermathecae, male genitalia, parameres;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C68F1F8F2FCC9F8AD" box="[699,773,1841,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFACEF0C695DF8F2FC39F8AD" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[791,1013,1841,1865]" page="36" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFACEF0C695DF8F2FC39F8AD" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[791,1013,1841,1865]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 36</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing; placement in Chaetophthalmus group).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFACEF0C68D0F88CFC29F883" author="Borkent A & Dominiak P." box="[666,997,1871,1895]" page="22" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" year="2020">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFACEF0C68D0F88CFC29F883" author="Borkent A & Dominiak P." box="[666,997,1871,1895]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 377" refId="ref127818" refString="Borkent A, Dominiak P. 2020. Catalog of the biting midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4787: 1 - 377." type="journal article" year="2020">Borkent and Dominiak 2020: 22</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(rename Chaetophthalmus group as Saundersi group).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFADEF0D6A8AFF16FCAFFE92" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFADEF0D6A8AFF16FCAFFE92" blockId="113.[191,1442,213,375]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6A8AFF16FEF1FF0B" bold="true" box="[192,317,213,239]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFADEF0D6B07FF15FE77FF14" box="[333,443,214,240]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFADEF0D6B8DFF15FE2EFF15" box="[455,482,214,241]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="113" pageNumber="112">15</tableCitation>
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) Brown; wing without pattern of pale spots, veins thicker and darker than normal, nearly obliterating cell r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFADEF0D6B9CFEC5FE12FEF0" attach="left" box="[470,478,262,276]" fontSize="6" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">2</subScript>
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; eyes with prominent interommatidial pubescence; mandibular teeth vestigial; two sclerotized ovoid spermathecae, vestigial third fingerlike; ventro-posterior membrane of male sternite 9 bare; aedeagus Y-shaped, median process simple, moderately slender, blunt, aedeagal ratio ~0.45; parameres separate, apex simple, straight, not extending beyond tip of aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFADEF0D6A8AFE45FE38FCA1" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFADEF0D6A8AFE45FA6DFDAD" blockId="113.[191,1441,390,586]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6A8AFE45FE90FE44" bold="true" box="[192,348,390,416]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6B2BFE45FE7DFE44" box="[353,433,390,416]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6BF0FE44FDA3FE44" box="[442,623,390,417]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6833FE44FCCDFE44" box="[633,769,390,417]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6941FE45FC81FE44" box="[779,845,390,416]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Idaho</collectingRegion>
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(Bonneville County,
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6E70FE45FB34FE44" bold="true" box="[1082,1272,390,416]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">new state record</emphasis>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6F47FE44FA51FE44" box="[1293,1437,390,417]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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. A widely distributed, but apparently rare species. The week 27 collection record (x) in the seasonal distribution (Table 5) is by a light trap in a pinyon-juniper-Douglas fir forest area,
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<date id="14468985FFADEF0D6992FE09FB98FE00" box="[984,1108,457,484]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" value="1953-07-06">6 July 1953</date>
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at ~
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFADEF0D6ECEFE09FB16FE00" box="[1156,1242,458,484]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="2280.0">2280 m</quantity>
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elevation in Taos County,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6B69FE2FFE79FDE1" box="[291,437,491,518]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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. This record, and my collection of
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<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFADEF0D690BFE2FFC70FDE1" box="[833,956,491,518]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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with UVLT on
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<date id="14468985FFADEF0D6E39FE28FB30FDE1" box="[1139,1276,491,517]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" value="2019-07-14">14 July 2019</date>
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at
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<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFADEF0D6F6AFE28FA6CFDE2" box="[1312,1440,491,518]" degrees="43.52974" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" precision="1" value="43.52974">43.52974°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFADEF0D6A8BFDCEFE9EFDCC" box="[193,338,525,552]" degrees="111.18504" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" precision="1" value="-111.18504">111.18504°W</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFADEF0D6BC5FDCEFE2AFDCC" box="[399,486,525,552]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.002" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="2002.0">2002 m</quantity>
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elevation in the Snake River Range of
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D69E6FDCEFC3CFDC3" box="[940,1008,525,551]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Idaho</collectingRegion>
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, indicate it may be present in similar montane habitats in
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6BECFDECFE13FDAD" box="[422,479,559,585]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Utah</collectingRegion>
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and other western states during July. The other Xs in Table 5 are from
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6EB9FDECFA8CFDAD" box="[1267,1344,559,585]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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records.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFADEF0D6A8AFD9BFB36FD97" blockId="113.[192,1274,600,627]" box="[192,1274,600,627]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6A8AFD9BFEBBFD96" bold="true" box="[192,375,600,626]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
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The absence of mandibular teeth on the female indicates it does not blood-feed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFADEF0D6A8AFD41FE38FCA1" blockId="113.[191,1441,642,837]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6A8AFD41FEBFFD78" bold="true" box="[192,371,642,668]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Larval ecology.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFADEF0D6B31FD41FD81FD78" box="[379,589,642,668]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atchleyi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6B31FD41FD81FD78" box="[379,589,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Culicoides atchleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’s larval habitat is unknown. However, experiments have shown that interommatidial pubescence helps protect insect eyes by reducing impact and deposition of airborne particles onto ommatidia (
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFADEF0D6B06FD05FDE5FD04" author="Amador GJ & Durand F & Mao W & Pusulri S & Takahashi H & Nguyen VT & Shimoyama I & Alexeev A & Hu DL" box="[332,553,709,736]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" pagination="3361 - 3377" refId="ref126696" refString="Amador GJ, Durand F, Mao W, Pusulri S, Takahashi H, Nguyen VT, Shimoyama I, Alexeev A, Hu DL. 2015. Insects have hairy eyes that reduce particle deposition. European Physical Journal Special Topics 224: 3361 - 3377." type="journal article" year="2015">Amador et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Similarly,
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFADEF0D68E5FD05FCE9FD04" box="[687,805,710,736]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atchleyi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D68E5FD05FD0CFD04" box="[687,704,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6884FD05FCE9FD04" box="[718,805,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">atchleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’s eye hairs may help prevent soil particles from lodging between or damaging ommatidia, suggesting a relatively dry or deep soil larval habitat such as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFADEF0D6F05FD2BFF12FCC7" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6F05FD2BFA91FCE5" box="[1359,1373,744,769]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6F21FD2BFF12FCC7" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">carteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—the only other southwestern species of biting midge with abundant inter-ommatidial pubescence for which the larval habitat is known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFADEF0D6A8AFC96FC2CFBF3" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFADEF0D6A8AFC96FC2CFBF3" blockId="113.[192,1441,852,1047]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6A8AFC96FEFCFC8B" bold="true" box="[192,304,853,879]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The female collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFADEF0D6806FC97FD42FC8A" box="[588,654,852,878]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
more closely matches the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFADEF0D698BFC97FB35FC8B" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" box="[961,1273,852,879]" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref143045" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1969 a. New species and records of Culicoides from western North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 71: 556 - 567." type="journal article" year="1969">Wirth and Blanton (1969a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFADEF0D6A8AFCB4FEFBFC74" box="[192,311,886,913]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atchleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6A8AFCB4FF1EFC75" box="[192,210,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6AAAFCB5FEFBFC74" box="[224,311,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">atchleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFADEF0D6854FCB4FD6BFC74" box="[542,679,886,913]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6854FCB4FDE3FC75" box="[542,559,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6876FCB5FD6BFC74" box="[572,679,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">saundersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a 2.3 palpal ratio, 0.67 proboscis ratio, 0.9 ommatidium diameter eye separation, 4 tibial comb spines, the same position of SCo on flagellomeres 12 and 13 as in their figure 2a, and smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="A70002A0FFADEF0D6B8CFC7AFDE0FC30" box="[454,556,953,980]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
|
||
) rounder spermathecae with narrower necks. However, its 1.04 antennal ratio is like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFADEF0D6B10FC1FFE28FC11" box="[346,484,987,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6B10FC1FFEA0FC12" box="[346,364,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFADEF0D6B33FC18FE28FC11" box="[377,484,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="112">saundersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and having seven teeth on one mandible, but none on the other or on the laciniae is ambiguous—other examples of the variability of diagnostic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |