246 lines
21 KiB
XML
246 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297092" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="29b06347-2a16-47e8-8deb-c8084f3522bd" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905252754" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="64B773130CA5DE07F691FFB9C5B11BE0" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Sciuridae.754-818.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Cynomys Rafinesque 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="91C4B717759630DB830679AF52629BE0" lastPageNumber="798" masterDocId="91C4B717759630DB830679AF52629BE0" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae" masterLastPageNumber="818" masterPageNumber="754" pageNumber="798" updateTime="1716778896931" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BC4B0FFCE73F226D3BA5D74CF49E6B08">
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<mods:title id="0386311C09075196EA4D4727C57A0A72">Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F154327C64FAC28B48962323280A3AE8">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="165812E9A88AD3884BBAF773FB8DB712">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6D6DB575FF792D2A49120B9CE2BBA618">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="B896C350A7FA6D1BA02B9BB04DF7EDAF">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="11B1E60526BE2CC633CEE46B306A0C1F">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="3D33D03CBB7FCFA6CAD4EEEC66E53F04">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F22C31A9A782FCBCF3432C3C16B1ADF1">
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<mods:title id="D996BC0397572E5415DA51F7304CABC3">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4E7D00AEEEF0D3FEB362D2F5E0B11EF8">
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<mods:start id="C5779ACE4488DE83E00C583A39743A52">754</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="8E44756883DD87DA090CD89AFE252C66" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="64B773130CA5DE07F691FFB9C5B11BE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11332520" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231538501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11332520" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:64B773130CA5DE07F691FFB9C5B11BE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/64B773130CA5DE07F691FFB9C5B11BE0" lastPageNumber="798" pageNumber="798" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12400909">
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<subSubSection id="2E7010948483F543D4C7E7673652E7D1" pageNumber="798" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="81829D2D4C54B30EB7A2C67E6F33447A" pageNumber="798">
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<taxonomicName id="ECCB546A56F03E602FECABE940266248" ID-CoL="3YKX" authority="Rafinesque 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B10FF2F0BFCDD7C9E8AFDD6146FB4841" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys</emphasis>
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Rafinesque 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1F8FF7F82C6FDD3E723E2BAC4B04246" pageNumber="798" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="33944C13D94454869F470E2F16C095B9" pageNumber="798">
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<treatmentCitation id="3E1ED250DD0D7ECAD2F40B9E8C09B060" author="Rafinesque" authority="Rafinesque 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" journal="Am. Mon. Mag." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="43" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Cynomys" volume="2" year="1817">
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<taxonomicName id="2B154B0C882055E37EE304C9FAE7B739" ID-CoL="3YKX" authority="Rafinesque 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4C7AB8F07B5CB0AA2CD6AF3117E86771" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys</emphasis>
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Rafinesque 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="3D77D93E49BFDF0CDC9E4D19691016B4" author="Rafinesque" journal="Am. Mon. Mag." pageNumber="798" pagination="43" title="Cynomys" volume="2" year="1817">
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Am.
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<collectingRegion id="5D4B59403671EDC627B6E0ED08CD0897" country="Myanmar" name="Mon">Mon</collectingRegion>
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. Mag., 2: 43
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84A93A90F42BFB6552BAF7DFFADE1CEA" pageNumber="798" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="7D39B55A7FCC67CDAD78FE53242B1C3C" pageNumber="798">
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<emphasis id="F06CF7C6638976803C2FA1918AD8D786" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="798">Type Species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5D37EAA02DEEAE21105C79E8C3E9C02F" authority="Rafinesque 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis id="1E2D2CAEE77C6C320A5B3E52AE216D03" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys socialis</emphasis>
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Rafinesque 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="728517FC0E03D827DA03A94012254DE7" pageNumber="798" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="F4C134F9293931A1C97928221F7F1222" pageNumber="798">
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<emphasis id="D4D69A13E95FA5EE7E862022AC5FB972" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="798">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9141B1DD6515D334BA5ACBAA8AF83499" authority="Ord 1815" authorityName="Ord" authorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Arctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9D799F20EEF04B4A5EE640EE8E6F7A6C" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Arctomys</emphasis>
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Ord 1815
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="DFA040826DF1551D80AB4E9BEF5D2699" authority="Osborn 1894" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C86EF0072B3D2CD8C94067BB06DE8439" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomomus</emphasis>
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Osborn 1894
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="B7A0EFDDAE8B6A180B6E53855F941092" authority="Herrera 1899" authorityName="Herrera" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Mamcynomiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DBB9489177D07216175CDBAE7C5279E3" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Mamcynomiscus</emphasis>
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Herrera 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="7D6F3A2D6BA73DB4666CD8A230DCBB02" authority="Warden 1819" authorityName="Warden" authorityYear="1819" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Monax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6A34922686DA6D61BE5EF818B826CF78" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Monax</emphasis>
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Warden 1819
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C4CEFA5D6D40D3660B21E6C4F9F336F0" pageNumber="798" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="393183FE59312875E97A1E515DB8453F" pageNumber="798">
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<emphasis id="EED7182A01D139DAD5146B9E0A76DB4C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="798">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
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5 species with 4 subspecies in 2 subgenera:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="41D0EDC37FBF628F68AA053AFF4ED9C3" pageNumber="798">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="DD7C1D595DFD481E985FCD12C3D553D1" authority="Rafinesque 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cynomys">
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<emphasis id="072A31A7C94E8D17FC693B7A81A98FAB" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Cynomys)</emphasis>
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Rafinesque 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A0785987D430DAC45663B8A822EE9FB7" pageNumber="798">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="2142088F0AFD3E61CD3886D271AF5961" authority="Hollister 1916" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Leucocrossuromys">
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<emphasis id="6FBB409422915FF3FC46A0ED36E78764" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Leucocrossuromys)</emphasis>
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Hollister 1916
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E45A3E0487787E29EF905FE39BCE14DF" pageNumber="798">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="81CF6FD292BAC99442E60ABD2BAA2D02" authority="Baird 1855" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gunnisoni" subGenus="Leucocrossuromys">
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<emphasis id="9215AEBC2CB034B1B64A6039FA668C72" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Leucocrossuromys) gunnisoni</emphasis>
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Baird 1855
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C140AAD2EA2BFD4BD9FA39E59D401F9D" pageNumber="798">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="EC98D38876E63828E4516D646CF739A2" authority="Baird 1855" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gunnisoni" subGenus="Leucocrossuromys" subSpecies="gunnisoni">
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<emphasis id="E603B12CA3C2068386EB7A58ADC4565F" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Leucocrossuromys) gunnisoni</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="3DAD023A359F681E15A475E3784F5831" italics="true" pageNumber="798">gunnisoni</emphasis>
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Baird 1855
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="084066CFEDFAFA454CD7FC2B157CD738" pageNumber="798">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="EF72E57CB8FCC9E08274E2CD5D269CD2" authority="Hollister 1916" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gunnisoni" subGenus="Leucocrossuromys" subSpecies="zuniensis">
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<emphasis id="F1064E7ED86EEE3EEC5ED783C9DF4FD0" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Leucocrossuromys) gunnisoni</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="791E36CC10622A98349BC47C13113A67" italics="true" pageNumber="798">zuniensis</emphasis>
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Hollister 1916
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A35F9F5BB7E17CC856F106B93A1DC9B" pageNumber="798">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="88B978068FFF0C18E7C90A51C7B52977" authority="Merriam 1890" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucurus" subGenus="Leucocrossuromys">
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<emphasis id="2E7F553E17CBDD79390883E8CD122620" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Leucocrossuromys) leucurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4CC3D9B696F288C4C8EA2521B1F72F7F" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238216" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1890. Description of a new prairie dog from Wyoming. North American Fauna, 4: 33 - 35." year="1890">Merriam 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC1CAF3D2E9F5FEF7B96658B2E9A49F9" pageNumber="798">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="69040F2FE065F96B9680A33CDB7C6CCB" authority="(Ord 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Ord" baseAuthorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovicianus" subGenus="Cynomys">
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<emphasis id="C55ED8E02DFEB54ECA7E5E14062AD343" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Cynomys) ludovicianus</emphasis>
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(Ord 1815)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7849F86F5736E19A161E2E9AC09655CB" pageNumber="798">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="CBE73F12931E34E0DE291DE27AF41779" authority="Ord 1815" authorityName="Ord" authorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ludovicianus" subGenus="Cynomys" subSpecies="ludovicianus">
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<emphasis id="FD36A11348DBCB5EBFBE6F6530B33576" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Cynomys) ludovicianus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="A42E1C18208B68587C8CB93553DF2C72" italics="true" pageNumber="798">ludovicianus</emphasis>
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Ord 1815
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="54F95F50EA091E602243948E3B557FBF" pageNumber="798">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="6DA47DD0E2D3C62319CD6C41449FCDFE" authority="Mearns 1890" authorityName="Mearns" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ludovicianus" subGenus="Cynomys" subSpecies="arizonensis">
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<emphasis id="50FB1EC5D6541CE4091AB86F5A69F030" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Cynomys) ludovicianus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="06659CB6A70B90EE399C0224E16F1436" italics="true" pageNumber="798">arizonensis</emphasis>
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Mearns 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16263A49254005DA63003A295DB0E6F3" pageNumber="798">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="4BD6B2D1B8BB317C539F0C796118EC9D" authority="Merriam 1892" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus" subGenus="Cynomys">
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<emphasis id="21CB10E7300015E0AA5F6326B71A6267" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Cynomys) mexicanus</emphasis>
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Merriam 1892
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9EAF275AD30B120B485BD85E2923780E" pageNumber="798">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="CF66982E3CACA38A3FBE869592803C85" authority="J. A. Allen 1905" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="798" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens" subGenus="Leucocrossuromys">
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<emphasis id="0DABEE93277E6242F0D90EF0C5F8E529" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys (Leucocrossuromys) parvidens</emphasis>
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J. A.
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<bibRefCitation id="C8E4692D626A38CB7451DE48594FB29E" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5608" refString="Allen, J. A. 1905. The Mammalia of southern Patagonia. Reports of the Princeton University Expedition to Patagonia, 1896 - 1899, 3 (Zool): 1 - 210." year="1905">Allen 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="42D1B944CBCCE0BFC34B7E69A4179693" pageNumber="798" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="91B7862FDE3CA7F645478BC889FA34D5" pageNumber="798">
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<emphasis id="B063E46095A997952A6DEF556F9EE7C8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="798">Discussion:</emphasis>
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="73A30BD7356E235376D65A48769C6076" authority="(Gromov et al., 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Gromov" baseAuthorityYear="1965" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynomyini">
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Cynomyini (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A29EA4A1DF17607B5EF2DB3A557976A" author="Gromov, I. M. & D. I. Bibikov & N. I. Kalabukhov & M. N. N. Meier" refId="ref130487" refString="Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian)." year="1965">Gromov et al., 1965</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, or
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<taxonomicName id="EC07DE9E1E9873C3840E6FFC0873E93F" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1923" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Marmotini">Marmotini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E4568E424257C63F50C52A297D7CB11C" author="McKenna, M. C. & S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Revised by Pizzimenti (1975).
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<bibRefCitation id="FFB9C7F6AB96FB92E537DBBD09E7572D" author="Clark, T. W. & R. S. Hoffmann & C. F. Nadler" refId="ref62541" refString="Clark, T. W., R. S. Hoffmann, and C. F. Nadler. 1971. Cynomys leucurus. Mammalian Species, 7: 1 - 4." year="1971">Clark et al. (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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published a key to the genus. Includes
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<taxonomicName id="E09AD7BABC51C3189837835BB9C3B5FF" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F604F58E2E5AEC5EBEC48448CF4BBC51" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DDF015F8F67D750F695D03D19087B57C" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Leucocrossuromys">
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<emphasis id="906CC9F763B3600EAE7F713FDCE6CF16" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Leucocrossuromys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
as subgenera. Relationships of
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<taxonomicName id="B8AD1C1E4D9941B37EA25B97415FE644" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="773521924ED77200E2E4DDFA10234224" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to other ground squirrels are in flux. While generally regarded as monophyletic, and a sister-group to North American
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<taxonomicName id="6FBB12C1A339536BADACA96068AB7CFE" baseAuthorityName="Hershkovitz" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22A3544EDBA1EB51899828B4A71341F3" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Spermophilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, recent evidence suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="985AADDB94075672FCD9A074D00D6DBE" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Cynomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="FC92EE3C0FA18E8B0FB8CC8D34DACF5C" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Cynomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
may be most closely related to the subgenera
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|
<emphasis id="39FE7FD370EC27FAD66911DF46905D59" italics="true" pageNumber="798">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE7FEDB691D2BCFC457127FF0F1054BF" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ictidomys">Ictidomys</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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<taxonomicName id="103DA4249D5E82621B11FD2AAD33FDA0" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Xerospermophilus">Xerospermophilus</taxonomicName>
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|
</emphasis>
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|
, making genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D0A6573A66B81548C3FA95B8CA5CA7B" baseAuthorityName="Hershkovitz" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="4C053DBCF4F8E13BAAE8308AA68492A5" italics="true" pageNumber="798">Spermophilus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
paraphyletic (Hafner, 1984:17;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="3B115CFD61787421141722023EDC6AC4" author="Harrison, R. G. & S. M. Bogdanowicz & R. S. Hoffmann & E. Yensen & P. W. Sherman" refId="ref141564" refString="Harrison, R. G., S. M. Bogdanowicz, R. S. Hoffmann, E. Yensen, and P. W. Sherman. 2003. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the ground squirrels (Rodentia, Marmotinae). Journal of Molecular Evolution, 10 (3): 249 - 276." year="2003">Harrison et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="08B92F715239F1BE6239C5A59BB3BF23" author="Goodwin, H. T." refId="ref125837" refString="Goodwin, H. T. 1995. Pliocene-Pleistocene biogeographic history of prairie dogs, genus Cynomys (Sciuridae). Journal of Mammalogy, 76 (1): 100 - 122." year="1995">Goodwin (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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reviewed the biogeographic history of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |