184 lines
19 KiB
XML
184 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="01CA0A7EC1391AAA8873EB0D8B4EC7B1">Ctenomyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BDAB4F5A000C25607836CF69A70145B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50074D67E376ECD82B72BFC83CCCE2AF">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB67405671A099891007DF88DF6693E7">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1526F07B18688F8F89C84F077E3772C5">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="A87B0D5C686AE239C9CD59A8AC6163CA">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D68C6BA76A760F4AEC1600613C20D19A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="96813DCEA2C3407B5D5F4C6FEC5CB25E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="59304B441B1BFFD7FF53F54FF69FFCB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195703742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6587951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:59304B441B1BFFD7FF53F54FF69FFCB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/59304B441B1BFFD7FF53F54FF69FFCB2" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FF53F54FFF6DF6B0" box="[199,253,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF53F54FFF6DF6B0" blockId="5.[194,1135,2366,2493]" box="[199,253,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<heading id="8A6E4D3E1B1BFFD7FF53F54FFF6DF6B0" box="[199,253,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<figureCitation id="49A2E6D71B1BFFD7FF53F54FFF6DF6B0" box="[199,253,2366,2412]" captionStart="Plate 30: Ctenomyidae" captionStartId="2.[151,181,3328,3353]" captionTargetBox="[15,2797,15,3643]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Anderson’s Tuco-tuco (Clenomys andersoni), 2. Bicolored Tuco-tuco (Cltenomys bicolor), 3. Bolivian Tuco-tuco (Clenomys boliviensis), 4. Erika’s Tuco-tuco (Clenomys erikacuellarae), 5. Goodfellows’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys goodfellowi), 6. Natterer’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys nattereri), 7. Rondon’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys rondoni), 8. Steinbach’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys steinbachi), 9. Yates’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys yatesi), 10. Chacoan Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys conoveri), 11. Forest Tuco-tuco Citenomys ([ rater), 12. Lessa’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys lessai), 13. Lewis’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys lewis), 14. Long-tailed Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys fulvus), 15. Andean Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys opimus), 16. Salta Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys saltarius), 17. Scaglia’s Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys scagliai), 18. Argentine Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys argentinus), 19. Mottled Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys latro), 20. Furtive Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys occultus), 21. Tucuman Tuco-tuco (Clenomys tucumanus), 22. Brazilian Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys brasiliensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6588330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6588330/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">15.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FE98F54FFD1EF6B0" box="[268,654,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FE98F54FFD1EF6B0" blockId="5.[194,1135,2366,2493]" box="[268,654,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<heading id="8A6E4D3E1B1BFFD7FE98F54FFD1EF6B0" box="[268,654,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<vernacularName id="5F9A8A7C1B1BFFD7FE98F54FFD1EF6B0" box="[268,654,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Andean Tuco-tuco</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FD4DF54FFB97F6B0" box="[729,1031,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FD4DF54FFB97F6B0" blockId="5.[194,1135,2366,2493]" box="[729,1031,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<heading id="8A6E4D3E1B1BFFD7FD4DF54FFB97F6B0" box="[729,1031,2366,2412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7FD4DF54FFB97F6B0" ID-CoL="3265M" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1848" box="[729,1031,2366,2412]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opimus">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FD4DF54FFB97F6B0" box="[729,1031,2366,2412]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Ctenomys opimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FF50F50FFDEFF666" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF50F50FFBFEF64F" blockId="5.[194,1135,2366,2493]" box="[196,1134,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<heading id="8A6E4D3E1B1BFFD7FF50F50FFBFEF64F" box="[196,1134,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FF50F50FFE9FF64F" bold="true" box="[196,271,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="5F9A8A7C1B1BFFD7FE81F50FFE72F64F" box="[277,482,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Tuco-tuco de la puna</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FE63F50FFDC1F64F" bold="true" box="[503,593,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="5F9A8A7C1B1BFFD7FDCEF50FFC80F64F" box="[602,784,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Anden-Kammratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7FCB0F50FFC23F64F" authority=": Tuco" authorityName="Tuco" box="[804,947,2430,2451]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Spanish" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FCB0F50FFCEFF64F" bold="true" box="[804,895,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="5F9A8A7C1B1BFFD7FC11F50FFC23F64F" box="[901,947,2430,2451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Tuco</vernacularName>
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</taxonomicName>
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tuco de los Andes
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF50F5D4FDEFF666" blockId="5.[194,1135,2366,2493]" box="[196,639,2469,2490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<heading id="8A6E4D3E1B1BFFD7FF50F5D4FDEFF666" box="[196,639,2469,2490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FF50F5D4FE2AF666" bold="true" box="[196,442,2469,2490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="5F9A8A7C1B1BFFD7FE50F5D4FDEFF666" box="[452,639,2469,2490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Highland Tuco-tuco</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FCB2F59FFAE4F5D7" box="[806,1396,2542,2571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FCB2F59FFAE4F5D7" blockId="5.[806,1398,2542,2964]" box="[806,1396,2542,2571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FCB2F59FFC51F5D7" bold="true" box="[806,961,2542,2571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7FC44F59FFAE0F5D7" ID-CoL="3265M" authority="Wagner, 1848" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1848" box="[976,1392,2542,2571]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opimus">Ctenomys opimus Wagner, 1848</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FCB3F660FB69F55C" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FCB3F660FB69F55C" blockId="5.[806,1398,2542,2964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<materialsCitation id="61F1F00F1B1BFFD7FCB3F660FB69F55C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3798388321" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">“Bolivia.” Restricted by O. Thomas in 1900 to “Sahama,” Mont Sahama, Oruro, about 17°49’ S, 67°28” W, 3000-4000 m.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FCBDF6FDFB67F4B1" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FCBDF6FDFB67F4B1" blockId="5.[806,1398,2542,2964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7FCBDF6FDFB98F575" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1848" box="[809,1032,2700,2729]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opimus">Ctenomys opimus</taxonomicName>
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was initially included in Chaco group, but according to mtDNA analysis, it belongs to the opimusspecies group. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 26 and FN = 48, and sperm is symmetric. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FCB2F702FB62F384" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="distribution">
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<caption id="85E6AADA1B1BFFD7FCB2F702FB62F384" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6588214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6588214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6588214/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" targetBox="[192,782,2543,2956]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FCB2F702FB25F448" blockId="5.[806,1398,2542,2964]" box="[806,1205,2931,2964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FCB2F702FB25F448" bold="true" box="[806,1205,2931,2964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF52F7E8FBFAF43E" blockId="5.[193,1397,2969,3474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7FF52F7E8FBFAF43E" authority="Wagner, 1848" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="opimus" subSpecies="opimus">C.o.opimusWagner,1848—NChile(AricayParinacotaRegion)andthroughoutthehighlandsofSWBoliviainLaPaz,Oruro,andPotosidepartments.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF52F799FE8DF3F3" blockId="5.[193,1397,2969,3474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7FF52F799FE8DF3F3" authority="Thomas, 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="opimus" subSpecies="luteolus">C.o.luteolusThomas,1900—NWArgentinaMts(Jujuy,Salta,andCatamarcaprovinces).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF52F046FB62F384" blockId="5.[193,1397,2969,3474]" box="[198,1266,3127,3160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7FF52F046FDD3F384" authority="Thomas, 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[198,579,3127,3160]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="opimus" subSpecies="mgriceps">C. o. mgriceps Thomas, 1900</taxonomicName>
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— S Peru (Moquegua, Tacna, and Puno regions).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FF56F02FFC44F298" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF56F02FFC44F298" blockId="5.[193,1397,2969,3474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FF56F02FFE2DF3A3" bold="true" box="[194,445,3166,3199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 193-251 mm, tail 75-94 mm, ear 9-11 mm, hindfoot 40-45 mm (Bolivian and Peruvian specimens) and total length 275-300 mm (specimens from Salta and Jujuy provinces, Argentina). No specific data are available for body weight. The Andean Tuco-tuco is large. Pelageis long, lax, and smooth. Dorsum is uniform pale yellowish, tending to become darker, sometimes in patches, as on top of head. Most adults have open frontoparietal fenestrae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FF55F13BFBDFF24E" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FF55F13BFBDFF24E" blockId="5.[193,1397,2969,3474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FF55F13BFEA0F2B7" bold="true" box="[193,304,3402,3435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Habitat.</emphasis>
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High grasslands up to elevations of ¢.5000 m. The Andean Tuco-tuco lives underground in burrows of loose sandy, gravelly, or cindery soils.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FA57FD57F664FEB2" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FA57FD57F664FEB2" blockId="5.[1472,2679,294,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FA57FD57F95FFE9B" bold="true" box="[1475,1743,294,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Andean Tuco-tuco probably forages on underground bulbs and grass roots, stems, and leaves. It is rarely observed feeding aboveground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FA57FD04F5CCFE61" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FA57FD04F5CCFE61" blockId="5.[1472,2679,294,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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||
<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FA57FD04F9D9FE4A" bold="true" box="[1475,1609,373,406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant Andean Tuco-tucos were observed in Bolivia in August-December. Gestation is ¢.120 days in Peru. Mean number of embryos was 2-8 ata site in Bolivia.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FA55FDB6F89FFDD6" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FA55FDB6F89FFDD6" blockId="5.[1472,2679,294,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FA55FDB6F93DFE38" bold="true" box="[1473,1709,455,484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Burrowing activity of the Andean Tuco-tuco was observed primarily in the morning in Peru.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FA56FE63F8E7FD74" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FA56FE63F8E7FD74" blockId="5.[1472,2679,294,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FA56FE63F718FDEF" bold="true" box="[1474,2184,530,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Andean Tuco-tuco can be locally common, reaching densities of up to 17 ind/ha. Individuals make burrows with a single main tunnel and several side branches that contain nests and stored forage. Andean Tuco-tucos are solitary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FA56FEC1F64BFD0D" box="[1474,2523,688,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FA56FEC1F64BFD0D" blockId="5.[1472,2679,294,880]" box="[1474,2523,688,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FA56FEC1F88FFD0D" bold="true" box="[1474,1823,688,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9983A9D91B1BFFD7FA56FE91F69FFCB2" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="D126FA521B1BFFD7FA56FE91F69FFCB2" blockId="5.[1472,2679,294,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3ED26401B1BFFD7FA56FE91F9CBFD25" bold="true" box="[1474,1627,736,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Anderson (1997), Bidau (2015), Contreras & Bidau (1999), Diaz & Barquez (2002), Cook et al. (1990), Feito & Gallardo (1982), Gallardo (1979, 1991), Gardner & Anderson (2001), Ipucha et al. (2008),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="169981D11B1BFFD7F5B1FF76F5E4FCFC" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[2597,2676,775,800]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Medina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Medina</taxonomicName>
|
||
et al. (2007), Ortells (1995), Ortells & Barrantes (1994), Parada et al. (2011), Pearson (1959b), Reig et al. (1992), Rossi et al. (1995), Thomas (1900b), Toloza et al. (2004), Vitullo & Cook (1991).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |