144 lines
15 KiB
XML
144 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="762CFF741D0F2D73328E26295BA2FF36" ID-CLB-Dataset="5843" ID-DOI="10.1206/3908.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fc56743-3f64-4d91-9433-d5fe41fd7d1d" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598569" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615482533448" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A., Sunderlin, David, Aaroe, Georgene A., Dempsky, Michelle R., Parker, Nancy E., Tillery, George Q., White, Jaclyn G., Barden, Phillip, Nascimbene, Paul C. & Williams, Christopher J." docDate="2018" docId="03A187BFFF912F3AAB8B40E750CAF941" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2018.3908.1-37.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2018 (3908)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3908.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Chironomidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF98FFC7FF8B2F20AA7C43405143FF90" masterDocTitle="Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698933204900" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B1A4D26C8D8A37C6033E5E43E000BB89">Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2C5B549D245BEE0D84430634C0EC9DD9">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D59EAEFEA71A212A405537133E49DAAE">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA5CEEF5F349D102ED41D0BD9B3477A4">Sunderlin, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A52B4FA1AF780FB27AB7690F66C8071A">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C275E24A6150ADD4365421FDFDDBAC04">Aaroe, Georgene A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE3651822F70EB5FF918546232B4B518">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="70D6633E78888D098D996546A91F9E0C">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9784509B7710F153DE06AB7CEB70922A">Parker, Nancy E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E9D9E873990AC8F58C2ECFF86524BBF">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="695FAB5CF35D05B5ED03CC684AD3DC6F">Tillery, George Q.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9CE64A13DEEFD7B2877B7B407B03DBDF">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1ADF806FBC62950C41F5536DBEFB995B">White, Jaclyn G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF567CFDAABF214E935D68C77E85BC06">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CE9591C0A3FF3477FDE439F5A4940F63">Barden, Phillip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F139AEBB21280DCD005661DA45CAACD">Department of Biology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5633AB255ACCAAAF3CF80668009F6896">Nascimbene, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A7BC695B5E30A5B1B462BB903033EBA">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FE89D5C961E4D25F7EB6A79D0B6D158B">Williams, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A85A368C1F8C3F1D595EDAFC5EB69011">Department of Earth & Environment, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="47DCF88EE7625164199770709155C7BD">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F04AD9B237C9B036B24AE4AC5A2B6513">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FACD162E72F6A37362E086F37EF0DFE4">2018-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0DAB7C096118527962AAB4A217357A58">2018</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F0EECCE80B8C1FAAC9016BA8B4EED9FF">3908</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3212CB1EAE77F7F3DB8CD70F1F2806AF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="CEE2D297AA4CD1FE87C01E8142E23A04">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3908.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03A187BFFF912F3AAB8B40E750CAF941" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598237" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232805" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598237" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187BFFF912F3AAB8B40E750CAF941" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187BFFF912F3AAB8B40E750CAF941" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C3126522FF912F3AAB8B40E75272FC51" box="[503,817,935,961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0FF81C5FF912F3AAB8B40E75272FC51" allCaps="true" box="[503,817,935,961]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF912F3AAB8B40E75272FC51" ID-CoL="84X" ID-ENA="7149" authority="(MIDGES)" baseAuthorityName="MIDGES" box="[503,817,935,961]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">CHIRONOMIDAE (MIDGES)</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3126522FF912F3AA85F409F50CAF941" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF912F3AA85F409F5246FC69" blockId="26.[547,773,991,1017]" box="[547,773,991,1017]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0FF81C5FF912F3AA85F409F5246FC69" box="[547,773,991,1017]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="13332A2CFF912F3AA85F409F53E1FC69" box="[547,674,991,1017]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[108,150,1224,1245]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1198]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[108,1212,224,1198]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. Various insect inclusions. A. AMNH WH-12, with legs from a roach (Blattodea), and the legs and distal portions of two wings from a caddisfly (Trichoptera). B. AMNH LC-A4, nymph of Heteroptera (Hemiptera). C, D. AMNH LC-B6, nymphal thrips (Thysanoptera), habitus (C) and detail of antennae (D). E. AMNH WH-3, with inclusion of entire male Chironomidae: Tanypodinae, and juvenile spider." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598585/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figures 7E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13332A2CFF912F3AA8D2409F538AFC69" box="[686,713,991,1017]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[108,150,1597,1618]" captionTargetBox="[120,1207,227,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[108,1212,224,1571]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 14. Details of various holometabolous insect inclusions. A−D, Male midge (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) (AMNH WH-3): A, B. Male terminalia, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Maxillary palp. D. Mesotibial apex (mesal surface). E. Isolated antenna of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (AMNH GC-A4). F. Detail of highly specialized, entangling hastiseta from larval beetle (Dermestidae: Megatominae) (AMNH LC-II-B4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598605/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">14</figureCitation>
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A−D
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF912F3AAAE0475750CAF941" blockId="26.[108,1214,1047,1745]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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AMNH WH-3: A complete male nonbiting midge (
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF912F3AA891475752D8FBA2" box="[749,923,1047,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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) (body length
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<quantity id="4CF09B4CFF912F3AAE38475755EDFBA1" box="[1092,1198,1047,1073]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.60 mm</quantity>
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), preserved adjacent to a small juvenile spider (fig. 7E). Eyes are bare; pedicel large, subspherical; antenna with long plumosity, apparently having 11 flagellar articles, apical article longest; maxillary palp with four palpomeres, lengths 4> 2 = 3> 1 (fig. 14C). Legs: mesotibia having two bladelike apical spurs (one with fine pectination), apical comb of 11−12 thick, sclerotized, slightly clavate setae (fig. 14D); pretarsal claws simple (untoothed), pulvilli either minute or lost. Wings are very faint, obscuring the venation; no macrotrichia occur on the wing membrane. Male genitalia well preserved: tergite 9 (epandrium) large, shieldlike; gonocoxite large; gonostylus articulating with (not fused to) gonocoxite, bare, flattened and hatchetlike, without discernable apical peg/tooth; pair of inner lobes present, bare; anal point absent (fig. 14A, B).
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF912F3AAAE046CC500BFA36" box="[156,328,1420,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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have a rich fossil record, partly because the larvae are aquatic and semiaquatic and both adults and larvae are readily fossilized in lacustrine sediments. The oldest
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF912F3AAA104697505AFA61" box="[108,281,1495,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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are Triassic, and they are frequently among the most abundant and diverse winged insects in many deposits of amber, such as Eocene Baltic amber and Late Cretaceous ambers from western
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<collectingCountry id="F31F7639FF912F3AAB1345615088F9AB" box="[367,459,1569,1595]" name="Canada" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Canada</collectingCountry>
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, New Jersey, and Siberia. The fossil record has been reviewed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF912F3AAA1145075068F9F1" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[109,299,1607,1633]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref12616" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. 1994. Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers." type="book" year="1994">Evenhuis (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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. Critical study relies on various microscopic features, and most of the described fossils, done decades to a century ago, require re-description based on modern standards. The male genitalia of the Chickaloon fossil appear most similar to those in the large, widespread subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF912F3AAA9545F750C7F941" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[233,388,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |