918 lines
137 KiB
XML
918 lines
137 KiB
XML
<document id="AE7000DFD43DF6356276E47C58A3A671" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282751" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67086ae2-8f39-4bc1-b999-afd6edcd4a53" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282751" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460550204669" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Ferry, Romain & Bertot, Jean-Marie" docDate="2012" docId="03977B1EB304FFC3ED9385BCFC8106F2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03527p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3527" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nemalecium gracile Galea, Ferry & Bertot, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFAE0366B300FFC9ED048148FFD40455" masterDocTitle="Medusoids in the life cycle of Dentitheca dendritica (Nutting, 1900) and Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698318159947" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1A5B83A036C04F8AE3C0BF721DD69D98" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="22373036D934C4FB1B4AD63992072848">
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<mods:title id="2A9D645D959C99F3A44A3B93E6C196CE">Medusoids in the life cycle of Dentitheca dendritica (Nutting, 1900) and Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3CCE7FDE9A60F36CF8DAB868D956660C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7575DC42E636E3A96759F99BB50B1EEF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0584517302C6DCC608B0F60D72FA40C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7FDF1FB6D72DE96700E248075D2475A4">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C073B97BB7B85078CCB0FC66DB9C7A97" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="412343E031B12C611446B860DDA16B00">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0C23DDFA3B7108C55A29462B712D0F7D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2FFAB2A1A7F8D7562E1875836542670">Ferry, Romain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E3915F243DA6A2BC4B1FB2C33D57E6AA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D432D786BF444DBC1E2882E57F20C54E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C69653AD4A0944BCEBD01C2FE2F75AED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BA579B7A7583957C4A69F76C93790215">Bertot, Jean-Marie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E925EE3C332D1A058677E859DC140FE0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DA827B7BE0F02D205337CDA77FD2EDF1">
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<mods:title id="DC978CBE6F01FEE6918D3CF55C9340B0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AC4D456AD4DEF32F91310D02A9967997">
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<mods:date id="B1790E12929A611EF7BF4B4A27A1B702">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="366634FAC986892135988A6AB66096A2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1BDBD876B049168FEF0668A122CACF1D">3527</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="54A14AE911C2E3C6DDE76D0BCD5D08B4" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="75EFBBBE14A69972B4DA2A151AC335BC">43</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3B4C48E29CF873CFF2292FD7A8A541E0">54</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="55C5BCA0D3D933215DF73D51EFB20D75">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3F9023DFC545FEA8244E4BA553335064" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282751</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="167519238EADCBC8192982D99DA02E67" type="GBIF-Dataset">67086ae2-8f39-4bc1-b999-afd6edcd4a53</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B09E18D84CA8AD3DB99CE3CD9112FC95" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="389973C5D109487BEA9D77458199F694" type="Zenodo-Dep">282751</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03977B1EB304FFC3ED9385BCFC8106F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686389" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119529678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03977B1EB304FFC3ED9385BCFC8106F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03977B1EB304FFC3ED9385BCFC8106F2" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
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<subSubSection id="C3249983B304FFCDED9385BCFE21017B" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8B81CA08B304FFCDED9385BCFE3B0158" blockId="4.[151,501,1267,1326]" box="[151,495,1267,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<heading id="D0C97D64B304FFCDED9385BCFE3B0158" bold="true" box="[151,495,1267,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDED9385BCFE3B0158" bold="true" box="[151,495,1267,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDED9385BCFE5E015B" ID-CoL="73VBJ" box="[151,394,1268,1294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDED9385BCFE5E015B" bold="true" box="[151,394,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Nemalecium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279AB61B304FFCDEC9585BBFE3B0158" box="[401,495,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B304FFCDED93845EFE21017B" blockId="4.[151,501,1267,1326]" box="[151,501,1302,1326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
(Figs 2H–N, 3, 4A–D;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BCFFB3B304FFCDEC9D845EFE3E017B" box="[409,490,1302,1326]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,299,1860]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative measurements of Nemalecium (in µm, unless otherwise stated) based on specimens from literature" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249983B304FFCDED938417FD7001E4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B304FFCDED938417FE7D01C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1374,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDED938417FE860120" ID-CoL="466BV" box="[151,338,1375,1397]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDED938417FE860120" box="[151,338,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Nemalecium lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B304FFCDEC698416FE2A0121" author="Calder" box="[365,510,1374,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Calder, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27, figs 17, 18.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B304FFCDEFBA8416FCE90121" author="Galea" box="[702,829,1374,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEE498428FC780120" box="[845,940,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
): 24, fig. 4M, O [not fig. 4N =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDE9FF8417FE4B01C6" ID-CoL="466BV" authority="Hargitt, 1924" authorityName="Hargitt" authorityYear="1924" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDE9FF8417FAAE0120" box="[1275,1402,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEDC38435FF2801C6" box="[199,252,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B304FFCDEC0D8435FE4301C6" author="Hargitt" box="[265,407,1405,1427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B304FFCDED9384D5FD7001E4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1374,1458]" box="[151,676,1435,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDEDB984D4FE3F01E4" ID-CoL="8VM9K" authority="Hargitt, 1924" authorityName="Hargitt" authorityYear="1924" box="[189,491,1435,1458]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEDB984D4FE8F01E7" box="[189,347,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Halecium lighti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B304FFCDEC6684D3FE3F01E4" author="Hargitt" box="[354,491,1435,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 489, pl. 4 fig. 13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249983B304FFCDED938496FA4F03FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B304FFCDED938496FA4F03FC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1502,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDED938496FE5601A2" bold="true" box="[151,386,1502,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDEC9D8496FD5E01A2" box="[409,650,1502,1527]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEC9D8496FD5E01A2" bold="true" box="[409,650,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Nemalecium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDEFA38496FCF201A3" box="[679,806,1502,1526]" name="Martinique" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Les Abîmes, lat. 14.807514, long. -61.226698,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDE8848496FE95024F" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2012-02-25">
|
||
25 February
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB304FFCDEC02874AFE95024F" box="[262,321,1538,1562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0128" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2012.8">2012</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 8 m, sample M257: female colony,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEFF6874CFCD8024E" box="[754,780,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 3.5 cm high, with ripe gonophores (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDE9C1874BFAF8024E" bold="true" box="[1221,1324,1539,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB304FFCDE9C1874BFAF8024E" box="[1221,1324,1539,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, MHNG- INVE-82194); sample M258: male colony,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEF938760FD66026A" box="[663,690,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 3.0 cm high, with ripe gonophores (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDE977876FFB0B026A" bold="true" box="[1139,1247,1575,1599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB304FFCDE977876FFB0B026A" box="[1139,1247,1575,1599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, MHNG-INVE- 82195).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDEDF28702FEA10237" box="[246,373,1610,1634]" name="Martinique" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Anse Trois Airs, lat. 14.513223, long. -61.097730, 0
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDEEDC8702FB4C0237" box="[984,1176,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2012-02-04">4 February 2012</date>
|
||
, sample M147: colony up to 2.4 cm high, with mono- and dioecious stems, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDEE658727FB5602D3" authority="(Bivalvia)" baseAuthorityName="Bivalvia" box="[865,1154,1646,1671]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Pinna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEE658727FBD502D2" box="[865,1025,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Pinna carnea</emphasis>
|
||
(Bivalvia)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNG-INVE-82196).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDED9387DAFEC202FF" box="[151,278,1682,1706]" name="Martinique" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Pointe Lamare, lat. 14.780461, long. -61.211935,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDEE5F87DAFBCC02FF" box="[859,1048,1682,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2012-01-28">
|
||
28 January
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB304FFCDEED987DAFBCC02FF" box="[989,1048,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0120999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2012.1">2012</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 10 m, sample M098: monoecious colony on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDEC0987FEFEA8029B" box="[269,380,1718,1742]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEC0987FEFEA8029B" box="[269,380,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDECAD87FEFDFC029B" box="[425,552,1718,1742]" name="Martinique" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Petite Sirène, lat. 14.490951, long. -61.089147,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDE94887FEFADC029B" box="[1100,1288,1718,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2012-01-29">
|
||
29 January
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB304FFCDE9C987FEFADC029B" box="[1229,1288,1718,1742]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0126" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2012.6">2012</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 6 m, sample M114: female colony,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEC978797FE7902A3" box="[403,429,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 1.2 cm high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDEF758796FD3402A3" box="[625,736,1758,1782]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEF758796FD3402A3" box="[625,736,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDEE098795FC4302A0" box="[781,919,1757,1781]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Stn1. 1,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDE9048795FBC802A0" box="[1024,1052,1757,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2008-03-20">20</date>
|
||
March 2008, several colonies,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDE87E8797FA4002A3" box="[1402,1428,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB304FFCDED938649FF0D034C" box="[151,217,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, some fertile,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDECB3864AFD1F034C" box="[439,715,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDECDF8649FD1F034C" box="[475,715,1793,1817]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">Thalassia testudinum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDEFDE8649FCB0034C" box="[730,868,1793,1817]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Stn. 6,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDEEC58649FC09034C" box="[961,989,1793,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2008-03-28">28</date>
|
||
March 2008, numerous colonies, some fertile, up to 0.4 cm high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDECE4866FFDA3036B" box="[480,631,1830,1854]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDECE4866FFDA3036B" box="[480,631,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">T. testudinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDEF81866DFCDB0368" box="[645,783,1829,1853]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Stn. 7,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDEE6F866DFC530368" box="[875,903,1829,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2008-03-27">27</date>
|
||
March 2008, a few sterile colony, up to 0.5 cm high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDEC058602FE4F0334" box="[257,411,1865,1889]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEC058602FE4F0334" box="[257,411,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">T. testudinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB304FFCDECA88601FC9E0337" authority="Caribbean" authorityName="Caribbean" box="[428,842,1865,1890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDECA88601FC9E0337" bold="true" box="[428,842,1865,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDECA88601FDEA0337" bold="true" box="[428,574,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEF748601FD780337" bold="true" box="[624,684,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
(Caribbean)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDEE7F8601FBD10334" box="[891,1029,1865,1889]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Stn. 6,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDE96D8601FB510334" box="[1129,1157,1865,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2008-03-23">23</date>
|
||
March 2008: numerous sterile colonies, with both mono- and polysiphonic stems, up to 5.0 cm high, on various algae, concretions and sponge.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDEDF186D9FEAB03FC" box="[245,383,1937,1961]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Stn. 7,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDECDF86D9FE2303FC" box="[475,503,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2008-03-25">25</date>
|
||
March 2008: a monoecious colony,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB304FFCDEE9786DAFC7903FC" box="[915,941,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 1.8 cm high, on sponge;
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B304FFCDE9D086D9FA5003FC" box="[1236,1412,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2008-03-27">27 March 2008</date>
|
||
, a
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249983B304FFCCED938694FDDF05F9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B304FFCDED938694FCEC03A7" blockId="4.[151,824,2011,2034]" box="[151,824,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF693DB304FFCDED938694FCEC03A7" box="[151,824,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<key id="FFAF9D39B304FFCDED938694FCEC03A7" box="[151,824,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CAD2ADB304FFCDED938694FCEC03A7" box="[151,824,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
1. Data on stations from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B304FFCDECAA8693FDFC03A4" box="[430,552,2011,2033]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
are given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B304FFCDEFA88693FCE003A7" author="Galea" box="[684,820,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCCED9381DFFDDF05F9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
few sterile colonies, up to 1.0 cm high, on hydrocoral.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B305FFCCEE0981DFFC5804FA" box="[781,908,151,175]" name="Martinique" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Les Abîmes, sample M252: colonies on dead gorgonians, up to 2.0 cm high, some stems bearing rare, immature male gonothecae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB305FFCCE99381F3FECB04AD" ID-CoL="466BV" authority="(Indonesia)" baseAuthorityName="Indonesia" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCE99381F3FECB04AD" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCE99381F3FAFD0481" bold="true" box="[1175,1321,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCE85B81F3FA480481" bold="true" box="[1375,1436,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B305FFCCED9A8197FEC204AD" box="[158,278,223,248]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Hatta (Rozengain)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B305FFCCEF148197FD8304A2" box="[528,599,223,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, lat. -4.590954, long. 130.039919,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B305FFCCEEE58197FB4B04A2" box="[993,1183,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" value="2011-10-19">
|
||
19 October
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB305FFCCE9628197FB4B04A2" box="[1126,1183,223,247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0117" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2011.7">2011</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 7 m: portion of a rich colony growing on hydrocoral, with stems up to 1.2 cm high and numerous mature male gonothecae. Derawan Island, lat. 2.284377, long. 118.243072,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B305FFCCEF68806FFCC6056A" box="[620,786,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" value="2010-04-18">
|
||
18 April
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB305FFCCEFD3806FFCC6056A" box="[727,786,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01015" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2010.15">2010</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 15 m: portion of a colony growing on dead gorgonian, stems up to 1.8 cm high, some bearing immature male gonothecae. Alor Island, lat -8.272613, long. 124.400860,
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B305FFCCED938027FE8C05D2" box="[151,344,367,391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" value="2010-10-29">
|
||
29 October
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB305FFCCEC198027FE8C05D2" box="[285,344,367,391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0102" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2010.2">2010</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 20 m: small colony composed of a few stems detached from substrate, up to 2.2 cm high, some bearing mature male gonothecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249983B305FFCCEDC380FFFDF10291" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCCEDC380FFFC280035" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCEDC380FFFE850585" bold="true" box="[199,337,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Delicate, upright, unbranched or sparingly branched, coplanar colonies, up to 3.5 cm high, with mono- or slightly polysiphonic stems, arising at irregular intervals from creeping, ramified hydrorhiza (Figs 2H, 3A). Stems and side branches divided into internodes by transverse to slightly oblique nodes; internodes long, slender, slightly geniculate, of approximately the same length (Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B305FFCCEE9F836CFC620669" box="[923,950,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">2I</date>
|
||
); distally with a lateral hydrophore and an upwards-directed apophysis supporting subsequent internode. Hydrophore slightly surpassing level of distal node, bearing a hydrotheca at top (Fig. 2J). Side branches borne on short apophyses given off laterally from hydrophores, just below hydrothecal bases (Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B305FFCCEF1983C7FDE006F2" box="[541,564,655,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">2I</date>
|
||
1); first internode comparatively longer than subsequent ones; branching up to 3rd order. Hydrotheca shallow, walls straight, slightly flaring, margin not everted, rather slightly rolled inwardly for a short distance; distinct, large desmocytes as a ring of refringent nodules above diaphragm (Fig. 2J). Renovated hydrothecae occur irregularly; secondary hydrothecae arising at level of diaphragm from within primary hydrothecae; borne on funnel shaped hydrophores of varied length, perisarc annulated basally, smooth elsewhere (Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B305FFCCEDD98201FF200734" box="[221,244,841,865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">2I</date>
|
||
3–5). Hydranths tall, slender, constantly foraging; distally, a prominent constriction, delimiting the hypostome region from the rest of the body; body with a short, distal, slightly swollen digestive region, bright yellow in life, and a much longer, non digestive part below, nearly transparent in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCE96782DCFB7107F9" box="[1123,1189,916,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, insert); hypostome region conical, bearing terminally the mouth, encircled by a row of 22–26 filiform tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCE82982F0FAAD0785" box="[1325,1401,952,976]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B), characteristically irregularly raised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCEF308294FDAC07A1" box="[564,632,988,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, insert); normally two conspicuous nematodactyls; between tentacle bases, large glandular cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCECDC8548FDCE004D" box="[472,538,1024,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E), these also scattered over the hydranth body as ovoid, granular patches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCE86B8548FF710069" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, g.c.); nematodactyls curved inwards towards hypostome from diametrically opposite sides or nearly so; each armed along either side with a row of 12–13 large pseudostenoteles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCEE9D8500FC080035" box="[921,988,1096,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCCEDC38525FCBE0099" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Nematocysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCEC6C8524FE7800D1" box="[360,428,1132,1156]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1057]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidome of Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (A – D) and Nemalecium cf. lighti (Hargitt, 1924) from the Caribbean (E – H) and Indonesia (I – L): pseudostenoteles (A, E, I), microbasic mastigophores (B, F, J), microbasic euryteles (C, G, K), and unidentified rhopaloid heteronemes (D, H, L)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282754/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D): 1) pseudostenoteles, 2) microbasic mastigophores typical of the haleciid hydroids, 3) microbasic euryteles resembling the microbasic mastigophores, but comparatively wider, and 4) ovoid rhopaloid heteronemes with oblique shaft (for measurements, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BCFFB3B305FFCCEE0385FCFC8C0099" box="[775,856,1204,1228]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,299,1860]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative measurements of Nemalecium (in µm, unless otherwise stated) based on specimens from literature" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCCEDC38590FB42016D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Colonies and individual stems either mono- or dioecious. Gonothecae given off from primary hydrophores below hydrothecal bases (Fig. 2K, L, N, 3H–J), occasionally from the stolon. Gonothecae of both sexes similar, tubular, tapering gradually basally, walls undulated, distally truncate to watch glass shaped.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCCEDC3840CFE1D020D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Gonophores one per gonotheca, budded off from a blastostyle ending in a conspicuous apical plate, all enveloped together in an ectodermic mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCEF8A8420FD0401D5" box="[654,720,1384,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
J). Gonophores of cryptomedusoid
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB305FFCCE95F8421FB5B01D4" box="[1115,1167,1385,1409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
; large, ovoid, with thick mesoglea; an eccentric, moderately long, club shaped spadix (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCEE5684C4FC4001F1" box="[850,916,1420,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
P) surrounded by a compact mass of gametes, living only a reduced subumbrellar cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCEF7384F8FD6D019D" box="[631,697,1456,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
J); basally a fairly developed velum; bell aperture surrounded by a belt of spherical (8.5–17.0 µm wide), solid, refringent corpuscles arranged in 1–3 concentric rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCE810849CFA8301B9" box="[1300,1367,1492,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
L and insert); subumbrella provided with conspicuous transverse myoepithelial cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCE92984B0FBA70245" box="[1069,1139,1528,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
O); there are no radial or circular canals, no tentacles, no mouth, and no sense organs. Female gonophore with
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCE9708755FB5B0261" box="[1140,1167,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 30–35 polygonal eggs with large nuclei (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCEC668708FE70020D" box="[354,420,1600,1624]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCCEDC3872CFDF10291" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Elongating blastostyle, followed by the mantle withdrawal allow the gonophore to be progressively liberated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB305FFCCED9B87C0FF3002F5" box="[159,228,1672,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
K) through the rupture of a rounded, apical "lid" of the gonotheca (fig. 2M). Spawning and fertilization could not be observed in either sex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249983B305FFC3EDC38798FC05060A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCCEDC38798FDBE0301" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCEDC38798FE9102BC" bold="true" box="[199,325,1744,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The material assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB305FFCCEF858798FBDE02BD" authority="Hargitt, 1924" authorityName="Hargitt" authorityYear="1924" box="[641,1034,1744,1768]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCEF858798FC8002BD" box="[641,852,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Nemalecium lighti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B305FFCCEE628798FBD602BD" author="Hargitt" box="[870,1026,1744,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B305FFCCE9398798FB3D02BD" author="Calder" box="[1085,1257,1744,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Calder (1991a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shows striking resemblances to the present species. The shape and size of the internodes, the primary hydrophores surpassing the level of the distal node, as well as the size of the pseudostenoteles, strongly suggest that it is conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB305FFCCE8868651FF320301" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCE8868651FF320301" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BCFFB3B305FFCCEC518674FE7C0301" box="[341,424,1852,1876]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,299,1860]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative measurements of Nemalecium (in µm, unless otherwise stated) based on specimens from literature" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for comparison).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B305FFCEEDC38628FD5F010A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,1201,1848]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The same is partly true for the material studied earlier by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B305FFCCEE4A8628FC30032D" author="Galea" box="[846,996,1888,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Indeed, upon its reexamination, it was found that it is actually composed of two species, one of which is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB305FFCCEE8986CDFC2A03C9" box="[909,1022,1924,1948]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCEE8986CDFC2A03C9" box="[909,1022,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Distinction between them is easier, especially when living specimens are examined, given the present material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B305FFCCE92986E0FB790395" box="[1069,1197,1960,1984]" name="Martinique" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB305FFCCE9BC86E0FA4F0395" box="[1208,1435,1960,1984]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB305FFCCE9BC86E0FA4F0395" box="[1208,1435,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Nemalecium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has very long, nearly transparent (except for the digestive part, with a conspicuous bright yellow tinge), constantly foraging hydranths, whose tentacles are typically raised at different levels (see insert of
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB307FFCEE98685F9FB11009C" box="[1154,1221,1201,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). In contrast, the second species2 has shorter, nearly immobile, milky white hydranths (except for their digestive part, which is pale yellow), with all tentacles always raised at the same level. Microscopically, both species are especially distinguished through the shape and size of their internodes (compare Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B307FFCEEEE58468FC2C016D" box="[993,1016,1312,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">2I</date>
|
||
1–5 and 2P, Q), as well as the cnidome composition (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB307FFCEEC9D840FFE0E010A" box="[409,474,1351,1375]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1057]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidome of Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (A – D) and Nemalecium cf. lighti (Hargitt, 1924) from the Caribbean (E – H) and Indonesia (I – L): pseudostenoteles (A, E, I), microbasic mastigophores (B, F, J), microbasic euryteles (C, G, K), and unidentified rhopaloid heteronemes (D, H, L)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282754/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D and E–H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF419A80B306FFCFED938492FE2703E9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B306FFCFED938492FE2703E9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1498,1980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB306FFCFED938492FED801A5" bold="true" box="[151,268,1498,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB306FFCFEC1E8492FE3C01A5" box="[282,488,1498,1520]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB306FFCFEC1E8492FE3C01A5" box="[282,488,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Nemalecium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB306FFCFECEB8493FD9401A5" bold="true" box="[495,576,1499,1520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279AB61B306FFCFECEB8493FD9401A5" box="[495,576,1499,1520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f.t.), the digestive (d.r.) and non-digestive (n.d.r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g.c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f.t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g.c.) in between; nematodactyl (n.d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p.s.) and filiform tentacles (f.t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m.b.m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a.p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s.m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p.s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF419A80B307FFCEED93857EFDBE00DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282754/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1056]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B307FFCEED93857EFDBE00DF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1078,1162]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEED93857EFEDB0019" bold="true" box="[151,271,1078,1101]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Cnidome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB307FFCEECA4857FFDBB0018" box="[416,623,1079,1101]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEECA4857FFDBB0018" box="[416,623,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Nemalecium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEEF73857FFD1D0019" bold="true" box="[631,713,1079,1100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279AB61B307FFCEEF73857FFD1D0019" box="[631,713,1079,1100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A–D) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB307FFCEEE4E857FFB1E0018" authority="Hargitt, 1924" authorityName="Hargitt" authorityYear="1924" box="[842,1226,1078,1101]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEEE4E857FFC1D0018" box="[842,969,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEEEF7857FFBFC0018" box="[1011,1064,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
(Hargitt, 1924)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caribbean (E–H) and Indonesia (I–L): pseudostenoteles (A, E, I), microbasic mastigophores (B, F, J), microbasic euryteles (C, G, K), and unidentified rhopaloid heteronemes (D, H, L).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B307FFCEEDC38423FB930262" blockId="7.[151,1436,1201,1848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB307FFCEEDFF8424FEFF01D1" box="[251,299,1388,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB307FFCEECB28424FDC701D6" box="[438,531,1387,1411]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEECB28424FDC701D6" box="[438,531,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sole nominal species belonging so far to that genus, was not examined and specimens from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB307FFCEEC7F84D8FE7F01FD" box="[379,427,1424,1448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B307FFCEEE9184C7FBC101F2" box="[917,1045,1423,1447]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
) were unavailable for this study in order to confirm the identification of the second Caribbean species. However, material belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB307FFCEE81484FBFA48019E" box="[1296,1436,1459,1483]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEE81484FBFA48019E" box="[1296,1436,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originating from three remote (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC667EDB307FFCEECFE849FFD4C01BA" box="[506,664,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="1100.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="700.0">700–1500 km</quantity>
|
||
distant) Indonesian localities (Alor, Derawan, and Hatta islands) is housed in the private collection of the senior author and was therefore available for comparison with the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB307FFCEEC3C8768FE400262" box="[312,404,1567,1591]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEEC3C8768FE400262" box="[312,404,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B307FFCEECBA8757FD8B0262" author="Hargitt" box="[446,607,1567,1591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and with the Caribbean specimens in hand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B307FFCEEDC3870BFE67036D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1201,1848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The materials from Alor and Derawan agree well with the description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB307FFCEE920870CFB800209" box="[1060,1108,1604,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB307FFCEE97D870CFB01020E" box="[1145,1237,1603,1627]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB307FFCEE97D870CFB01020E" box="[1145,1237,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(especially in the colony structure and the length of their internodes3), and they are most probably conspecific. In contrast, the colony from Hatta, growing over a gorgonian, has a different appearance and seems to display a few distinctive features, such as a tendency to form widely-spaced, mostly unbranched, rather stout stems, with irregular internodes (Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B307FFCEED93879DFF6802B8" box="[151,188,1749,1773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">2X</date>
|
||
), while the specimens from Alor and Derawan form characteristically more crowded stems, branched strictly in one plane, and provided with typical collinear internodes (Fig. 2U, V). In contrast, the cnidome seems uniform in all three sets of material4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B307FFCEED9386D6FC0E03E6" blockId="7.[151,1243,1949,2033]" box="[151,986,1949,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
2. A living colony from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B307FFCEECAE86D5FDF003E6" box="[426,548,1949,1971]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
is illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B307FFCEEFC386D5FC9B03E1" author="Galea" box="[711,847,1949,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Galea, H. R. (2010) Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 2570, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2010">Galea (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 6, fig. 1A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B307FFCEED9386F5FBA203A4" blockId="7.[151,1243,1949,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
3. Material with a similar trophosome was reported on by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B307FFCEEE0486F4FC600387" author="Pennycuik" box="[768,948,1980,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Pennycuik, P. R. (1959) Marine and brackish water hydroids. In: Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Zoology, 1 (6), 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Queensland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B307FFCEE97386F4FB030387" box="[1143,1239,1980,2002]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 4. This should be checked again using living material so as to obtain fully discharged capsules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB" ID-Table-UUID="DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB" box="[151,1436,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF419A80B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[151,1436,299,1860]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B308FFC1ED9381D0FA4804FB" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,269]" box="[151,1436,152,174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1ED9381D0FED404F8" bold="true" box="[151,256,152,173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Comparative measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB308FFC1EF5681D0FD0504FB" box="[594,721,152,174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EF5681D0FD0504FB" box="[594,721,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in µm, unless otherwise stated) based on specimens from literature
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B308FFC1ED9381FEFA480499" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,269]" box="[151,1436,182,204]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">data and the present study. N.I. signifies that information was not indicated by the authors cited. N.B.: Male and female</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B308FFC1ED93819DFA4804BE" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,269]" box="[151,1436,213,235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
gonothecae of the Caribbean specimens assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB308FFC1EFC6819DFC7004BE" box="[706,932,213,235]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EFC6819DFC9404BE" box="[706,832,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EE6B819DFC7004BE" box="[879,932,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not fully formed and their dimension are
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B308FFC1ED9381BFFD8F0558" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,269]" box="[151,603,247,269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">expected to be above the range given herein.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B308FFC1EDA48019FAF00316" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<table id="F93E38A8B3080036ED938063FA480311" box="[151,1436,299,1860]" gridcols="5" gridrows="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED938063FA480621" box="[151,1436,299,628]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED938063FE420621" box="[151,406,299,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA48019FF3A0672" bold="true" box="[160,306,337,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Geographical distribution Reference Colony</emphasis>
|
||
- height (mm) - appearance
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ECB18063FD380621" box="[437,748,299,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1ECB18063FD0E0514" bold="true" box="[437,730,299,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB308FFC1ECB18063FD530514" box="[437,647,299,321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1ECB18063FD530514" bold="true" box="[437,647,299,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nemalecium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279AB61B308FFC1EF898064FD0E0514" box="[653,730,300,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Western Atlantic Martinique Bermuda Present study Calder (1991a), as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB308FFC1EFD0808EFD460655" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EFD0808EFD460655" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
35 20 coplanar N.I.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036EE008063FBF20621" box="[772,1062,299,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB308FFC1EE008063FC320514" box="[772,998,299,322]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EE008063FC320514" bold="true" box="[772,998,299,322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EE008063FC5C0514" bold="true" box="[772,904,299,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EEAB8063FC320514" bold="true" box="[943,998,299,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Western Atlantic Guadeloupe Brazil Present study Migotto (1996) 50 54 coplanar N.I.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036E9508063FB080621" box="[1108,1244,299,628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Indo-Pacific Indonesia Present study 20 coplanar</th>
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036E9F88063FA480621" box="[1276,1436,299,628]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Australia Pennycuik (1959) N.I. N.I.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9383CDFA4806CF" box="[151,1436,645,666]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9383CDFE4206CF" box="[151,406,645,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA483CDFEC106CF" bold="true" box="[160,277,645,666]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Internodes</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9383E3FA480694" box="[151,1436,683,705]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9383E3FE420694" box="[151,406,683,705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- length</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB183E3FD380694" box="[437,748,683,705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">625–1165 308–802</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE0083E3FBF20694" box="[772,1062,683,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">445–555 280–780</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E95083E3FB080694" box="[1108,1244,683,705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">335–675</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F883E3FA480694" box="[1276,1436,683,705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">380–470</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED93839AFA4806BD" box="[151,1436,722,744]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED93839AFE4206BD" box="[151,406,722,744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- diameter at node</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB1839AFD3806BD" box="[437,748,722,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">75–135 45–89</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE00839AFBF206BD" box="[772,1062,722,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">110–175 95–175</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E950839AFB0806BD" box="[1108,1244,722,744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">100–160</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F8839AFA4806BD" box="[1276,1436,722,744]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">107–154</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9383B2FA480761" box="[151,1436,762,820]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9383B2FE420761" box="[151,406,762,820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA483B2FED10761" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Hydrotheca and hydranth</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED93820DFA4807D4" box="[151,1436,837,897]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED93820DFE4207D4" box="[151,406,837,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- diameter at rim - diameter at base</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB1820DFD3807D4" box="[437,748,837,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">155–170 124–166 135–155 98–144</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE00820DFBF207D4" box="[772,1062,837,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">155–175 122–205 135–145 117–192</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E950820DFB0807D4" box="[1108,1244,837,897]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">150–170 135–150</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F8820DFA4807D4" box="[1276,1436,837,897]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">150–170 N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9382DAFA4807FD" box="[151,1436,914,936]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9382DAFE4207FD" box="[151,406,914,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- height</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB182DAFD3807FD" box="[437,748,914,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">30–40 21–28</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE0082DAFBF207FD" box="[772,1062,914,936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">35–40 17–52</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E95082DAFB0807FD" box="[1108,1244,914,936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">40–45</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F882DAFA4807FD" box="[1276,1436,914,936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E9F882DBFAC007FD" box="[1276,1300,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 30
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9382F1FA48079A" box="[151,1436,953,975]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9382F1FE42079A" box="[151,406,953,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- hydrophore length</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB182F1FD38079A" box="[437,748,953,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">35–50 N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE0082F1FBF2079A" box="[772,1062,953,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">0 (sessile) 0 (sessile)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E95082F1FB08079A" box="[1108,1244,953,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">0 (sessile)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F882F1FA48079A" box="[1276,1436,953,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">0 (sessile)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9382A8FA48003D" box="[151,1436,992,1128]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9382A8FE42003D" box="[151,406,992,1128]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
- tentacle number
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA4854EFED70048" bold="true" box="[160,259,1030,1053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Cnidome</emphasis>
|
||
- pseudostenoteles
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB182A8FD38003D" box="[437,748,992,1128]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
22–26
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EF5982A9FDA107A3" box="[605,629,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 25 26.3–30.0 × 26.5–29.1 × 11.6–13.1 12.3–13.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE0082A8FBF2003D" box="[772,1062,992,1128]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EE0082A9FCC807A3" box="[772,796,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 28 21–24 38.4–42.1 × 37.0–39.0 × 13.7–16.8 15.0–17.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E95082A8FB08003D" box="[1108,1244,992,1128]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E95082A9FBB807A3" box="[1108,1132,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 28 39.5–42.1 × 13.7–15.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F882A8FA48003D" box="[1276,1436,992,1128]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I. N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED938531FA4800E1" box="[151,1436,1145,1204]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED938531FE4200E1" box="[151,406,1145,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- microbasic mastigophores</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB18531FD3800E1" box="[437,748,1145,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">7.4–8.1 × 2.1 6.5–7.3 × 1.7–2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE008531FBF200E1" box="[772,1062,1145,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">6.8–7.4 × 2.1 7.0–8.0 × 2.0–2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9508531FB0800E1" box="[1108,1244,1145,1204]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">6.3–6.8 × 1.8–2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F88531FA4800E1" box="[1276,1436,1145,1204]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED93858DFA480155" box="[151,1436,1221,1280]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED93858DFE420155" box="[151,406,1221,1280]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- microbasic euryteles</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB1858DFD380155" box="[437,748,1221,1280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">7.4–8.4 × N.I. 2.6–2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE00858DFBF20155" box="[772,1062,1221,1280]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">7.4–8.1 × N.I. 2.9–3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E950858DFB080155" box="[1108,1244,1221,1280]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">8.4–8.9 × 3.1–3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F8858DFA480155" box="[1276,1436,1221,1280]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED938459FA480119" box="[151,1436,1297,1356]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED938459FE420119" box="[151,406,1297,1356]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- rhopaloid heteronemes</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB18459FD380119" box="[437,748,1297,1356]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">5.8–6.3 × N.I. 3.9–4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE008459FBF20119" box="[772,1062,1297,1356]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">4.5–5.0 × N.I. 2.6–2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9508459FB080119" box="[1108,1244,1297,1356]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">4.5–5.0 × 2.4–2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F88459FA480119" box="[1276,1436,1297,1356]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED938416FA480126" box="[151,1436,1374,1395]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED938416FE420126" box="[151,406,1374,1395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA48416FEB70126" bold="true" box="[160,355,1374,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Female gonotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9384CCFA480194" box="[151,1436,1412,1473]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9384CCFE420194" box="[151,406,1412,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- length - maximum diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB184CCFD380194" box="[437,748,1412,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">1180–1670 N.I. 465–525 N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE0084CCFBF20194" box="[772,1062,1412,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">1790–1890 N.I. 500–575 N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E95084CCFB080194" box="[1108,1244,1412,1473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I. N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F884CCFA480194" box="[1276,1436,1412,1473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I. N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED93849AFA4801B2" box="[151,1436,1490,1511]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED93849AFE4201B2" box="[151,406,1490,1511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA4849AFE9F01B2" bold="true" box="[160,331,1490,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Male gonotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9384B0FA48025B" box="[151,1436,1528,1550]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9384B0FE42025B" box="[151,406,1528,1550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- length</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB184B0FD38025B" box="[437,748,1528,1550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
1060–1400
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EF5984B1FDA1025B" box="[605,629,1529,1550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 1300
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE0084B0FBF2025B" box="[772,1062,1528,1550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">1400–1585 1300–1900</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E95084B0FB08025B" box="[1108,1244,1528,1550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E95084B1FBB8025B" box="[1108,1132,1529,1550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 1545
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F884B0FA48025B" box="[1276,1436,1528,1550]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED938757FA480260" box="[151,1436,1567,1589]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED938757FE420260" box="[151,406,1567,1589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- maximum diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB18757FD380260" box="[437,748,1567,1589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
390–465
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EF598768FDA10260" box="[605,629,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 515
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE008757FBF20260" box="[772,1062,1567,1589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">425–560 385–800</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9508757FB080260" box="[1108,1244,1567,1589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E9508768FBB80260" box="[1108,1132,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 435
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F88757FA480260" box="[1276,1436,1567,1589]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED93870EFA48020E" box="[151,1436,1606,1627]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED93870EFE42020E" box="[151,406,1606,1627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA4870EFEBC020E" bold="true" box="[160,360,1606,1627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Female gonophore</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED938724FA48029A" box="[151,1436,1644,1743]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED938724FE42029A" box="[151,406,1644,1743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- length - maximum diameter - egg number</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB18724FD38029A" box="[437,748,1644,1743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">1025–1305 N.I. 355–400 N.I. 30–35 N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE008724FBF2029A" box="[772,1062,1644,1743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I. N.I. N.I. N.I. N.I. N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9508724FB08029A" box="[1108,1244,1644,1743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I. N.I. N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F88724FA48029A" box="[1276,1436,1644,1743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I. N.I. N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED9387A9FA4802A3" box="[151,1436,1761,1782]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED9387A9FE4202A3" box="[151,406,1761,1782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1EDA487A9FE8502A3" bold="true" box="[160,337,1761,1782]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Male gonophore</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350EC84AB3080036ED93864FFA480311" box="[151,1436,1799,1860]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="76DFA136B3080036ED93864FFE420311" box="[151,406,1799,1860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">- length - maximum diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036ECB1864FFD380311" box="[437,748,1799,1860]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">730–1085 N.I. 255–340 N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036EE00864FFBF20311" box="[772,1062,1799,1860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">1195–1220 N.I. 305–415 N.I.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E950864FFB080311" box="[1108,1244,1799,1860]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E9508640FBB80348" box="[1108,1132,1800,1821]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 760
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E9508667FBB80311" box="[1108,1132,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 325
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DFA136B3080036E9F8864FFA480311" box="[1276,1436,1799,1860]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N.I. N.I.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B308FFC0EDC386CAFF330532" blockId="8.[151,1436,1922,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
There is increasing evidence that we are most probably dealing with more than one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB308FFC1E9F686CBFAAA03CE" box="[1266,1406,1923,1947]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E9F686CBFAAA03CE" box="[1266,1406,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Indo-Pacific, some materials having been likely erroneously assigned earlier to the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB308FFC1E81486E0FAA503EA" box="[1296,1393,1959,1983]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB308FFC1E81486E0FAA503EA" box="[1296,1393,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as exemplified by the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B308FFC1EF328683FCC003B7" box="[566,788,1994,2018]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
studied by Bouillon (1986). His material displays some obvious morphological differences compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB309FFC0EFFD81D0FCFD04E5" box="[761,809,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EE5381D1FC6C04E5" box="[855,952,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EE5381D1FC6C04E5" box="[855,952,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0E96581DFFADC04FA" author="Hargitt" box="[1121,1288,151,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, such as the presence of very long, slender internodes, similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EE6D81F5FC090481" box="[873,989,188,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EE6D81F5FC090481" box="[873,989,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0E97B81F4FA480481" box="[1151,1436,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Bavestrello, G., Valisano, L. & Puce, S. (2008) Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88 (8), 1589 - 1599." type="journal article">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0E80F81F5FA940481" box="[1291,1344,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned an as yet unnamed species inhabiting the "shady crevices of the corals" in North Sulawesi, while Gravier-Bonnet & Bourmaud (2006) found another species "colonizing walls and tips of large grey sponges" in Juan de Nova
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B309FFC0EC39806FFE50056A" box="[317,388,295,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as well as two additional species occurring in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B309FFC0EED7806FFBEF056A" box="[979,1083,295,319]" name="Maldives" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0E948806FFF050532" author="Gravier-Bonnet" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F. (2012) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of Baa Atoll (Indian Ocean, Maldives Archipelago). In: Andrefouet, S. (Ed.) Biodiversity, resources, and conservation of Baa Atoll (Republic of Maldives): a UNESCO Man and Biosphere reserve. Atoll Research Bulletin, 590 (4), 85 - 124." type="journal article" year="2012">Gravier-Bonnet & Bourmaud 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0EDC3803BFF2905A2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
We conclude that a comprehensive study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EFC2803BFC8605DE" box="[710,850,371,395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EFC2803BFC8605DE" box="[710,850,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on abundant, fertile material, is imperative, though out of the scope of the present paper. Subtle morphological differences could, indeed, be noted only if living material is studied, including the precise identification of the nematocyst
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB309FFC0EEEE80F3FBF10586" box="[1002,1061,443,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
|
||
upon obtaining fully discharged capsules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0EDC3834AFECC06FF" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
On the other hand, comparison of the second species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EE3B834BFC1F064E" box="[831,971,515,539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EE3B834BFC1F064E" box="[831,971,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caribbean (Fig. 2P, Q) with the materials from Alor and Derawan indicate that they are indistinguishable morphologically from each other, a conclusion equally supported by their respective cnidomes (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB309FFC0EEDA8302FBF30637" box="[990,1063,586,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1057]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidome of Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (A – D) and Nemalecium cf. lighti (Hargitt, 1924) from the Caribbean (E – H) and Indonesia (I – L): pseudostenoteles (A, E, I), microbasic mastigophores (B, F, J), microbasic euryteles (C, G, K), and unidentified rhopaloid heteronemes (D, H, L)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282754/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H and
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B309FFC0E9A58302FB6E0637" box="[1185,1210,586,610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">4I</date>
|
||
–L). Therefore, we tentatively assign the second Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EF5C8327FD3006D2" box="[600,740,623,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EF5C8327FD3006D2" box="[600,740,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to Hargitt's (1924) species, pending reexamination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB309FFC0E8688338FA4806DD" box="[1388,1436,624,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EDB183DCFEC506FE" box="[181,273,659,683]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EDB183DCFEC506FE" box="[181,273,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0EDC383F0FE280062" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
It is curious to note that the cnidome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EF9083FFFCF4069A" box="[660,800,695,719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EF9083FFFCF4069A" box="[660,800,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was underestimated in earlier accounts (Bouillon 1986,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0ED938392FEE106A7" author="Calder" box="[151,309,730,754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0EC428392FE3D06A7" author="Migotto" box="[326,489,730,754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the conspicuous pseudostenoteles and the numerous microbasic mastigophores, it appears to comprise at least two additional, less abundant
|
||
<typeStatus id="548574AAB309FFC0EEE58248FBC8074D" box="[993,1052,768,792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of capsules: a microbasic eurytele similar in length to the mastigophores, but comparatively wider (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB309FFC0EE88826AFC07076F" box="[908,979,802,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1057]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidome of Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (A – D) and Nemalecium cf. lighti (Hargitt, 1924) from the Caribbean (E – H) and Indonesia (I – L): pseudostenoteles (A, E, I), microbasic mastigophores (B, F, J), microbasic euryteles (C, G, K), and unidentified rhopaloid heteronemes (D, H, L)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282754/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, G, K), and an unidentified rhopaloid heteroneme, possibly a microbasic eurytele (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB309FFC0EFBC820FFCD0070A" box="[696,772,839,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1057]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidome of Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (A – D) and Nemalecium cf. lighti (Hargitt, 1924) from the Caribbean (E – H) and Indonesia (I – L): pseudostenoteles (A, E, I), microbasic mastigophores (B, F, J), microbasic euryteles (C, G, K), and unidentified rhopaloid heteronemes (D, H, L)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282754/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D, H, L). Pseudostenoteles are found not only in the nematodactyls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB309FFC0EC4C8222FE5D07D7" box="[328,393,874,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G), but occur also in the coenosarc of the trophosome, as well as in the gonophores, where they are more easily seen in the male medusoids as large capsules (p.s.) scattered among the mass of sperm cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB309FFC0ED9B82FAFF35079F" box="[159,225,946,970]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
P). The microbasic mastigophores (m.b.m.) heavily arm the filiform tentacles of the hydranths (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305D68DB309FFC0E80B82FAFA85079F" box="[1295,1361,946,970]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. — living colony (A) and hydranth (insert) showing the typical bright yellow tinge of the digestive region and the tentacles raised at different levels; fixed hydranth showing the hypostome (h.) encircled by the row of filiform tentacles (f. t.), the digestive (d. r.) and non-digestive (n. d. r.) regions, as well as ectodermic glandular cells (g. c.); detail of the non-digestive region (C) showing highly vacuolated endodermal cells; detail of a filiform tentacle showing large, endodermal chordal cells (D); insertion of the filiform tentacles (f. t.) around the hypostome, showing conspicuous glandular cells (g. c.) in between; nematodactyl (n. d.) armed with pseudostenoteles (p. s.) and filiform tentacles (f. t.) richly recovered with microbasic mastigophores (m. b. m.) (F); detail of a nematodactyl showing a discharged pseudostenotele (G); female (H) and male (I) gonothecae from dioecious stems; gonotheca and male gonophore, showing the blastostyle (b.) ending in an apical plate (a. p.) and budding off the gonophore, all being covered with a mantle (m.); the slightly eccentric spadix (s.) is distinguished from the mass of sperm cells (s. m.) through its darker tinge (J); male medusoid getting free from its mantle (m.), which remains attached to the blastostyle (b.) (K); newly released male medusoid (L), showing the conspicuous belt of refringent corpuscles (insert); fixed male medusoid seen with transmitted (M) and incident (N) light, showing the velar aperture (left) and the striated subumbrellar ectoderm; detail of the myoepithelial fibers of the subumbrellar ectoderm (O); slightly squashed preparation of a male medusoid showing the spadix (sp.) and a number of pseudostenoteles (p. s.) disseminated among the mass of gametes (P). Scale bars: 30 µm (O), 50 µm (D, E, G, and insert of L), 100 µm (F), 200 µm (P), 300 µm (C, J, M, N), 500 µm (A, B, K, L), 1 mm (H, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282753/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F), but are equally found in the coenosarc and the exumbrella of the medusoid. The microbasic euryteles occur in the coenosarc of the trophosome, as well as in the gonophore mantle, while the heteronemes are found in the coenosarc and the spadix of the medusoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0EDC3850AFAC40092" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Based on the cnidome composition alone, especially on the shape and size of the pseudostenoteles, it is obvious that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EC228520FE41002A" box="[294,405,1127,1151]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EC228520FE41002A" box="[294,405,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be readily distinguished, through its comparatively smaller capsules (Calder 1991 and the present study), from the Indonesian (present study),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B309FFC0EE1585C3FC8100F7" box="[785,853,1163,1186]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Papua</collectingCountry>
|
||
New Guinean (Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0E97085C4FB7200F6" box="[1140,1190,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986), and Brazilian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0ED9A85E7FEEE0092" author="Migotto" box="[158,314,1199,1223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) materials, as well as from the Caribbean specimens provisionally assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0E9A985F8FADD0092" box="[1197,1289,1199,1223]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0E9A985F8FADD0092" box="[1197,1289,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0EDC3859AFBE301D5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The swimming gonophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EF35859CFD7100BE" box="[561,677,1235,1259]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EF35859CFD7100BE" box="[561,677,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically similar to, and exhibit apparently the same expulsion mechanism from the gonotheca as those described earlier by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0EEB785BFFAE5015A" author="Gravier-Bonnet" box="[947,1329,1271,1295]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Suppl. 1), 207 - 213." type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0E85B85B0FF060163" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0E85B85B0FAAD015A" box="[1375,1401,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">N.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0ED938456FF060163" box="[151,210,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6. Gross differences rely in the number of eggs (possibly
|
||
<date id="FF80ECC8B309FFC0EE658452FC6D0160" box="[865,953,1306,1333]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" value="1935-07-30">7 30–35</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EEC68457FC0D0163" box="[962,985,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 40–62) and the shape of the marginal corpuscles (rounded
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EC7B840DFE420109" box="[383,406,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. irregular). Similarities between the medusoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EEC8840CFB8C0109" box="[972,1112,1348,1372]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EEC8840CFB8C0109" box="[972,1112,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and those belonging to other hydrozoan families have been discussed at length by the above-mentioned authors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0EDC384C5FAF20261" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Due to their apparent mineral composition and their shape and size possibly being influenced by physicochemical parameters, it is unclear whether these corpuscles are good indicators for the separation of species. Morphological differences have been observed, for instance, between specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B309FFC0E95E849CFB6D01B9" box="[1114,1209,1492,1516]" name="Réunion" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Reunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B309FFC0E9EA849CFAE101B9" box="[1262,1333,1492,1516]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0EDBF84B0FDEB0245" author="Gravier-Bonnet" box="[187,575,1528,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Suppl. 1), 207 - 213." type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Moreover, corpuscles with heterogenous morphology may occur within the same species, as illustrated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0ECEA8754FDBC0261" box="[494,616,1564,1588]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0ECEA8754FDBC0261" box="[494,616,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Antennella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B309FFC0EFD78754FCE60261" box="[723,818,1564,1588]" name="Réunion" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Reunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0EE888754FACF0261" author="Bourmaud" box="[908,1307,1564,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Bourmaud, C. & Gravier-Bonnet, N. (2005) Non-released cryptomedusoid in the life cycle of Antennella sp. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Halopterididae) from La Reunion, Indian Ocean. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 48 (1 - 3), 55 - 62." type="journal article" year="2005">Bourmaud & Gravier-Bonnet 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0EDC38708FEEC0291" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
On the other hand, the number of eggs should be, in theory, species-specific, but there are contrary evidences demonstrating that it can vary depending on environmental factors in at least two documented cases:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0ED9387C0FE1402F5" box="[151,448,1672,1696]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0ED9387C0FE1402F5" box="[151,448,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Macrorhynchia philippina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an as yet unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB309FFC0EFFA87C0FCA802F5" box="[766,892,1672,1696]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB309FFC0EFFA87C0FCA802F5" box="[766,892,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Indian Ocean (Bourmaud & Gravier- Bonnet 2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B309FFC0ED93866BFD6503A4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1827,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
5. Due to complete absence of formal descriptions and illustrations, all these "species" records are considered with some reservation, and are listed herein for information only, pending detailed taxonomical studies that clarify their identities. 6. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B309FFC0EC588628FD1C0322" author="Gravier-Bonnet" box="[348,712,1888,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Suppl. 1), 207 - 213." type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, slight differences were observed between the specimens from São Sebastião and those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B309FFC0ECC88637FDF603C0" box="[460,546,1919,1941]" name="Réunion" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Reunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island, suggesting that they were probably dealing with two different species. 7. Egg number could not be evaluated with certainty in non-spawned medusoids. Their number was estimated in nonreleased gonophores, through the transparency of the gonothecal wall. Attempts to estimate their number in dissected, formalin-fixed gonophores proved inconclusive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B30AFFC3EDC381DFFD860549" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Since neither swimming of the gonophore, nor the spawning could be observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3E95A81D1FB1904E5" box="[1118,1229,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3E95A81D1FB1904E5" box="[1118,1229,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is assumed that the role of the subumbrellar myoepithelial cells is to favor peristaltic movements of the bell allowing the gametes to be liberated out of the gonophore, while the contractions of the velum would help the medusoid to swim and spread its gametes in the water column.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B30AFFC3EDC38060FE1A059A" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EDC38060FEF00515" bold="true" box="[199,292,296,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3EC368060FDC00515" box="[306,532,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EC368060FDC00515" box="[306,532,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Nemalecium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3EF8A8060FD280515" box="[654,764,296,320]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EF8A8060FD280515" box="[654,764,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3EEEC8060FB030515" box="[1000,1239,296,320]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EEEC8060FB030515" box="[1000,1239,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Thalassia testudinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on some bivalve shells (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EDEF8005FE6C0531" box="[235,440,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
|
||
e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3EC198005FE6C0531" box="[285,440,333,356]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Pinna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carnea">Pinna carnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and on artificial inert substrates (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EE538005FC540531" box="[855,896,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
fishing wires). In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3E9C28005FA990531" box="[1222,1357,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3E9C28005FB350531" box="[1222,1249,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">N.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3E8168004FA990531" box="[1298,1357,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the tropical western Atlantic is found on a larger variety of substrates, mainly sponges and (dead) gorgonians, but also on mineral concretions, worm tubes, various artificial inert substrates, or the algae
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3E93980DCFB1A05F9" box="[1085,1230,404,428]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Galaxauraceae" genus="Tricleocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nemaliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3E93980DCFB1A05F9" box="[1085,1230,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Tricleocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3E82980DCFA4805F9" box="[1325,1436,404,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Abylidae" genus="Amphiroa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3E82980DCFA4805F9" box="[1325,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Amphiroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3EC3C80F0FE720585" box="[312,422,440,464]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EC3C80F0FE720585" box="[312,422,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B30AFFC3EDC38093FC05060A" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EDC38093FDD005A1" bold="true" box="[199,516,475,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B30AFFC3EF1E8094FD5405A1" box="[538,640,476,500]" name="Bermuda" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B30AFFC3EF938094FCED05A1" author="Calder" box="[663,825,476,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B30AFFC3EE518094FC0805A1" box="[853,988,476,500]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B30AFFC3EEF68094FAD405A1" author="Galea" box="[1010,1280,476,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Galea 2008,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3E9958095FAD405A1" box="[1169,1280,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B30AFFC3E81B8094FA4805A1" box="[1311,1436,476,500]" name="Martinique" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study), possibly
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B30AFFC3ECB680B7FE2D0642" box="[434,505,511,535]" name="Belize" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B30AFFC3EF0D80B7FA58064D" author="Calder" box="[521,1420,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 b) Associations between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal at Twin Cays, Belize. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69 (8), 2067 - 2074." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Calder 1991b, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3EFD48349FCF9064D" box="[720,813,512,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EFD48349FCF9064D" box="[720,813,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, presumably the specimens growing on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3E9F08349FA58064D" box="[1268,1420,512,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3E9F08349FA58064D" box="[1268,1420,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">T. testudinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is expected to occur in the whole Caribbean basin and northwards to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B30AFFC3E94E836CFB670669" box="[1098,1203,548,572]" name="Bermuda" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and possibly to the neighboring Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3298A98B30AFFC3EC7A830FFE07060A" box="[382,467,583,607]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(though not listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFB7F9B30AFFC3EFCE830FFC11060A" author="Calder" box="[714,965,583,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Calder, D. R. & Cairns, S. D. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds), Gulf of Mexico - Origins, waters, and biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 381 - 394." type="book" year="2009">Calder & Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249983B30AFFC3EDC38324FC8106F2" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81CA08B30AFFC3EDC38324FC8106F2" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EDC38324FE9206D1" bold="true" box="[199,326,620,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB18BB30AFFC3EF308324FD0706D1" authority="Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[564,723,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A161AB30AFFC3EF308324FD5706D1" box="[564,643,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">gracile</emphasis>
|
||
, Latin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meaning “slender” or “thin”, makes reference to the delicate appearance of the colonies and the features of their internodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |