420 lines
46 KiB
XML
420 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AF264EBF377C4179EEE9238D61BF483B">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="427B4215B3A6D6B8763B1FCA9184D7CA">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8138CC35FE26EADB743623FC3334BA72">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5120C2E078EC51EAE37EBE9C03257E4F">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F03C703BABF8911B10FF99D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729869" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F03C703BABF8911B10FF99D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F03C703BABF8911B10FF99D" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F03C703BABF8911B73DFDF1" box="[151,595,546,573]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F03C703BABF8911B73DFDF1" blockId="104.[151,1437,546,1617]" box="[151,595,546,573]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BABF8911B5C2FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,172,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703BA9B8910B721FDF1" ID-CoL="5HZLY" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[179,591,546,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BA9B8910B4DBFDF1" bold="true" box="[179,437,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BB948911B721FDF1" author="Koch, C. L." box="[444,591,547,573]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F03C703B8708911B73EFC91" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F03C703B8708911B73EFC91" blockId="104.[151,1437,546,1617]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B9278911B601FDF1" box="[783,879,547,573]" name="Djibouti" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B9B08911B689FDF1" box="[920,999,547,573]" name="Eritrea" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BE388911B11CFDF1" box="[1040,1138,547,573]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BEB38911B18CFDF1" box="[1179,1250,547,573]" name="Oman" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oman</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BF238911B0F2FDF1" box="[1291,1436,547,573]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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(south), 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BB3B8975B41CFDAD" box="[275,370,583,609]" name="Somalia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BBB38975B48AFDAD" box="[411,484,583,609]" name="Sudan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8268975B66BFDAD" box="[526,773,583,609]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B9068975B6EEFDAD" box="[814,896,583,609]" name="Yemen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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; Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BE0D8975B1DFFDAD" box="[1061,1201,583,609]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BEF18975B05BFDAD" box="[1241,1333,583,609]" name="Albania" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Albania</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BF748975B5D9FD49" name="Algeria" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BAC88959B45AFD49" box="[224,308,619,645]" name="Cyprus" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BB748959B4CCFD49" box="[348,418,619,645]" name="Egypt" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BBE28959B772FD49" box="[458,540,619,645]" name="Greece" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B86D8959B71BFD49" box="[581,629,619,645]" name="Iran" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Iran</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8B58959B7A3FD49" box="[669,717,619,645]" name="Iraq" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8DE8959B659FD49" box="[758,823,619,645]" name="Israel" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B9458959B6CFFD49" box="[877,929,619,645]" name="Italy" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B9FF8959B14BFD49" box="[983,1061,619,645]" name="Jordan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BE738959B18FFD49" box="[1115,1249,619,645]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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, 13)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BF3F8959B002FD49" box="[1303,1388,619,645]" name="Kuwait" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
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, 14)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BABF89BDB592FD65" box="[151,252,655,681]" name="Lebanon" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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, 15)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BB1D89BDB417FD65" box="[309,377,655,681]" name="Libya" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Libya</collectingCountry>
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, 16)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BB9A89BDB743FD65" box="[434,557,655,681]" name="Mauritania" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
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(north), 17)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B89789BDB649FD65" box="[703,807,655,681]" name="Morocco" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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, 18)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B94889BDB69CFD65" box="[864,1010,655,681]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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(north), 19)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BEAC89BDB1ACFD65" box="[1156,1218,655,681]" name="Syria" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Syria</collectingCountry>
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||
, 20)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BED289BDB005FD65" box="[1274,1387,655,681]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
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||
, 21)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BABF8981B583FD01" box="[151,237,691,717]" name="Tunisia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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||
, 22)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BB0C8981B41BFD01" box="[292,373,691,717]" name="Turkey" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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||
, 23)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BB848981B729FD01" box="[428,583,691,717]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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24)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8538981B792FD01" box="[635,764,691,717]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 25)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B91B8981B68FFD01" box="[819,993,691,717]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Western Sahara</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B9D88981B046FD01" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M. N." box="[1008,1320,690,717]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="243 - 261" refId="ref204391" refString="Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M. N. (1959 a) Observations on Egyptian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). 5. Biological notes and differences in identity of H. anatolicum and its subspecies anatolicum Koch and excavatum Koch among Russian and other workers. Identity of H. lusitanicum Koch. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52, 243 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 52.3.243" type="journal article" year="1959">Hoogstraal & Kaiser 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, K ö hler
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BFA08981B5DAFD3D" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1967, Hoogstraal 1980, Hoogstraal
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B86289E5B7ECFD3D" box="[586,642,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B8E689E5B6FBFD3D" author="Saliba, E. K. & Wassef, H. Y. & Hoogstraal, H. & Main, A. J." box="[718,917,727,753]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="156 - 175" refId="ref249333" refString="Saliba, E. K., Wassef, H. Y., Hoogstraal, H. & Main, A. J. (1990) The ticks (Ixodoidea) of East Jordan and the West Bank. Dirasat Series B, 17, 156 - 175." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Saliba
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B93389E5B63DFD3D" box="[795,851,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B98889E5B1D3FD3D" author="Papadopoulos, B. & Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A." box="[928,1213,727,753]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="25 - 40" refId="ref240844" refString="Papadopoulos, B., Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A. (1996) Ticks of domestic animals in the Macedonia region of Greece. Veterinary Parasitology, 63, 25 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0304 - 4017 (95) 00877 - 2" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Papadopoulos
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BE6C89E5B112FD3D" box="[1092,1148,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BEE089E5B0FBFD3D" author="Wassef, H. I. & Gallagher, M. D." box="[1224,1429,727,753]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="63 - 88" refId="ref264487" refString="Wassef, H. I., B ¸ ttiker, W. & Gallagher, M. D. (1997) Further records of ticks (Acari: Argasidae and Ixodidae) from the Arab Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 63 - 88." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Wassef
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BF3789E5B039FD3D" box="[1311,1367,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BABF89C9B411FCD9" author="Williams, R. J. & Al-Busaidy, S. & Mehta, F. R. & Maupin, G. O. & Wagoner, K. D. & Al-Awaidy, S. & Suleiman, A. J. M. & Khan, A. S. & Peters, C. J. & Ksiazek, T. G." box="[151,383,763,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="99 - 106" refId="ref264865" refString="Williams, R. J., Al-Busaidy, S., Mehta, F. R., Maupin, G. O., Wagoner, K. D., Al-Awaidy, S., Suleiman, A. J. M., Khan, A. S., Peters, C. J. & Ksiazek, T. G. (2000) Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, 99 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3156.2000.00524. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BB2C89C9B453FCD9" box="[260,317,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BBA189C9B716FCD9" author="Apanaskevich, D. A." box="[393,632,763,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="259 - 280" refId="ref169385" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. (2003 b) Differentiation of closely related species Hyalomma anatolicum and H. excavatum (Acari, Ixodidae) based on a study of all cycle stages, throughout entire geographical range. Parazitologiya, 37, 259 - 280. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2003">Apanaskevich 2003b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B8AA89C9B6A0FCD9" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G." box="[642,974,762,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="181 - 197" refId="ref170349" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G. (2005) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. II. Taxonomic status of H. (Euhyalomma) anatolicum Koch, 1844 and H. (E.) excavatum Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) with redescriptions of all stages. Acarina, 13, 181 - 197." type="journal article" year="2005">Apanaskevich & Horak 2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B9F289C9B1D8FCD9" author="Cringoli, G. & Iori, A. & Rinaldi, L. & Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C." box="[986,1206,762,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref185591" refString="Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
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Cringoli
|
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BE1689C9B119FCD9" box="[1086,1143,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2005
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BEED89C9B0F6FCD9" author="Bursali, A. & Keskin, A. & Tekin, S." box="[1221,1432,763,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="91 - 104" refId="ref179236" refString="Bursali, A., Keskin, A. & Tekin, S. (2012) A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57, 91 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9530 - 4" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
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Bursali
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BF3589C9B038FCD9" box="[1309,1366,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BABF882DB4CDFCF5" author="Kleinerman, G. & Baneth, G. & Mumcuoglu, K. Y. & van Straten, M. & Berlin, D. & Apanaskevich, D. A. & Abdeenm Z. & Nasereddin, A. & Harrus, S." box="[151,419,799,825]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="851 - 856" refId="ref219005" refString="Kleinerman, G., Baneth, G., Mumcuoglu, K. Y., van Straten, M., Berlin, D., Apanaskevich, D. A., Abdeenm Z., Nasereddin, A. & Harrus, S. (2013) Molecular detection of Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, and Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae in camels and Hyalomma spp. ticks from Israel. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 13, 851 - 856. https: // doi. org / 10.1089 / vbz. 2013.1330" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Kleinerman
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BB0D882DB431FCF5" box="[293,351,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BB99882DB7F8FCF5" author="Shubber, H. W. K. & Al-Hassani, N. A. W. & Kadhim, M." box="[433,662,799,825]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1518 - 1523" refId="ref254285" refString="Shubber, H. W. K., Al-Hassani, N. A. W. & Kadhim, M. (2014) Ixodid ticks diversity in the middle and south of Iraq. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 5, 1518 - 1523." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
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Shubber
|
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B83F882DB73CFCF5" box="[535,594,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B88B882DB6D1FCF5" author="Estrada-Pena, A. & Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N." box="[675,959,799,825]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref192886" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
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Estrada-Peña
|
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B969882DB615FCF5" box="[833,891,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B9E3882DB1C4FCF5" author="Alanazi, A. D. & Al-Mohammed, H. I. & Alyousif, M. S. & Said, A. E. & Salim, B. & Abdel-Shafy, S. & Shaapan, R. M." box="[971,1194,799,825]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1027 - 1032" refId="ref167706" refString="Alanazi, A. D., Al-Mohammed, H. I., Alyousif, M. S., Said, A. E., Salim, B., Abdel-Shafy, S. & Shaapan, R. M. (2019) Species diversity and seasonal distribution of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting mammalian hosts in various districts of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56, 1027 - 1032. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjz 036" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Alanazi
|
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BE03882DB108FCF5" box="[1067,1126,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Abdally
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BF32882DB03AFCF5" box="[1306,1364,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BABF8871B433FC91" author="Okely, M. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. & Samy, A. M." box="[151,349,835,861]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="333 - 351" refId="ref238376" refString="Okely, M., Anan, R., Gad-Allah, S. & Samy, A. M. (2021) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in Egypt: diagnostic characters and a taxonomic key to the collected species. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 35, 333 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mve. 12502" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Okely
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BACB8871B475FC91" box="[227,283,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BB408871B72AFC91" author="Perveen, N. & Muzaffar, S. B. & Al-Deeb, M. A." box="[360,580,835,861]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref242571" refString="Perveen, N., Muzaffar, S. B. & Al-Deeb, M. A. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock in the Middle East and North Africa: A review. Insects, 12 (article 83), 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 12010083" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Perveen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BBE18871B76FFC91" box="[457,513,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F03C703BAEF8855B10FF99D" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F03C703BAEF8855B416FC21" blockId="104.[151,1437,546,1617]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703BAEF8855B4A6FC4D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[199,456,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anatolicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BAEF8855B4A6FC4D" box="[199,456,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma anatolicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B8298855B792FC4C" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[513,764,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B8298855B792FC4C" box="[513,764,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been confused with each other for decades, generally under the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703BB7E88B9B7B5FC69" box="[342,731,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anatolicum" subSpecies="anatolicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BB7E88B9B7B5FC69" box="[342,731,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B93A88B9B1FFFC68" authorityName="Pomerantsev" authorityYear="1946" box="[786,1169,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anatolicum" subSpecies="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B93A88B9B1FFFC68" box="[786,1169,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. This situation was clarified through the studies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B84D889DB608FC05" author="Apanaskevich, D. A." box="[613,870,943,969]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="259 - 280" refId="ref169385" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. (2003 b) Differentiation of closely related species Hyalomma anatolicum and H. excavatum (Acari, Ixodidae) based on a study of all cycle stages, throughout entire geographical range. Parazitologiya, 37, 259 - 280. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2003">Apanaskevich (2003b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B947889DB1A7FC05" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G." box="[879,1225,942,969]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="181 - 197" refId="ref170349" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Horak, I. G. (2005) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. II. Taxonomic status of H. (Euhyalomma) anatolicum Koch, 1844 and H. (E.) excavatum Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) with redescriptions of all stages. Acarina, 13, 181 - 197." type="journal article" year="2005">Apanaskevich & Horak (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BED6889DB41AFC21" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Filippova, N. A." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="268 - 283" refId="ref170151" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Filippova, N. A. (2007) Larval identification of species and subspecies of the genus Hyalomma (Acari: Ixodidae) from Russia and neighbouring territories. Parazitologiya, 41, 268 - 283. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2007">Apanaskevich & Filippova (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F03C703BAEF88C5B10FFAFC" blockId="104.[151,1437,546,1617]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703BBAE88C5B7ECFBDC" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[390,642,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BBAE88C5B7ECFBDC" box="[390,642,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B88188C5B79BFBDD" box="[681,757,1015,1041]" name="Eritrea" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B9AE88C5B1FAFBDD" author="Tonelli Rondelli, M." box="[902,1172,1015,1041]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="119 - 125" refId="ref259524" refString="Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1932) Hyalomma nouvi delle colonie italiene. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturali, 71, 119 - 125." type="journal article" year="1932">Tonelli Rondelli (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who described the Eritrean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703BAC88F29B732FBF8" box="[224,604,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tunesianicum" subSpecies="ganorai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BAC88F29B732FBF8" box="[224,604,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma tunesianicum ganorai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B93B8F29B07AFBF9" authority="(Camicas et al. 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Camicas" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[787,1300,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B93B8F29B161FBF8" box="[787,1039,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BE088F29B062FBF9" author="Camicas, J. L. & Hervy, J. P. & Adam, F. & Morel, P. C." box="[1056,1292,1051,1077]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Camicas
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BEA48F29B1A8FBF9" box="[1164,1222,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hoogstraal (1980) reported a tentative diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B8778F0DB635FB94" box="[607,859,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B8778F0DB635FB94" box="[607,859,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B98A8F0DB687FB95" box="[930,1001,1087,1113]" name="Oman" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BE0E8F0DB04EFB95" author="Williams, R. J. & Al-Busaidy, S. & Mehta, F. R. & Maupin, G. O. & Wagoner, K. D. & Al-Awaidy, S. & Suleiman, A. J. M. & Khan, A. S. & Peters, C. J. & Ksiazek, T. G." box="[1062,1312,1087,1113]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="99 - 106" refId="ref264865" refString="Williams, R. J., Al-Busaidy, S., Mehta, F. R., Maupin, G. O., Wagoner, K. D., Al-Awaidy, S., Suleiman, A. J. M., Khan, A. S., Peters, C. J. & Ksiazek, T. G. (2000) Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, 99 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3156.2000.00524. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BEBC8F0DB1A3FB95" box="[1172,1229,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that Australian sheep free from ectoparasites become infested with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B9678F51B126FBB0" box="[847,1096,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B9678F51B126FBB0" box="[847,1096,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BE428F51B1DFFBB1" box="[1130,1201,1123,1149]" name="Oman" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a country provisionally included within the range of this tick.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B8518FB5B6CEFB6D" author="Estrada-Pena, A. & Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N." box="[633,928,1159,1185]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref192886" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Estrada-Peña
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B93D8FB5B620FB6D" box="[789,846,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BE728FB5B1E3FB6D" box="[1114,1165,1159,1185]" name="Italy" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
within the range of this tick, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BAD68F99B49DFB09" author="Cringoli, G. & Iori, A. & Rinaldi, L. & Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C." box="[254,499,1194,1221]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref185591" refString="Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Cringoli
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BB4D8F99B4F1FB09" box="[357,415,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B86A8F99B650FB08" box="[578,830,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B86A8F99B650FB08" box="[578,830,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an Italian species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BE148F99B0F2FB09" author="Hosseini-Chegeni, A. & Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z." box="[1084,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="2133 - 2166" refId="ref210448" refString="Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hosseini-Chegeni
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BF268F99B027FB09" box="[1294,1353,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703BBED8FFDB7D0FB24" box="[453,702,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BBED8FFDB7D0FB24" box="[453,702,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8CA8FFDB67CFB25" box="[738,786,1231,1257]" name="Iran" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but these authors do not believe that this name represents a valid species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BB6F8FC1B727FAC1" author="Perfilyeva, Y. V. & Shapiyeva, Z. Zh. & Ostapchuk, Y. O. & Berdygulova, Z. A. & Bissenbay, A. O. & Kulemin, M. V. & Ismagulova, G. A. & Skiba, Y. A. & Sayakova, Z. Z. & Mamadaliyev, S. M. & Maltseva, E. R. & Dmitrovskiy, A. M." box="[327,585,1267,1293]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref242441" refString="Perfilyeva, Y. V., Shapiyeva, Z. Zh., Ostapchuk, Y. O., Berdygulova, Z. A., Bissenbay, A. O., Kulemin, M. V., Ismagulova, G. A., Skiba, Y. A., Sayakova, Z. Z., Mamadaliyev, S. M., Maltseva, E. R. &, Dmitrovskiy, A. M. (2020) Tick-borne pathogens and their vectors in Kazakhstan - A review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101498), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2020.101498" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Perfilyeva
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BBE88FC1B496FAC1" box="[448,504,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8D58FC1B6EEFAC1" box="[765,896,1267,1293]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in their list of ticks from that country. Nevertheless,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BAE78E25B592FAFD" box="[207,252,1303,1329]" name="Iran" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BB1B8E25B4D8FAFD" box="[307,438,1303,1329]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
are here included within the range of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B9778E25B10FFAFC" box="[863,1121,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B9778E25B132FAFC" box="[863,1116,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">Hyalomma excavatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F03C703BAEF8E09B10FF99D" blockId="104.[151,1437,546,1617]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703BB078E09B744FA98" box="[303,554,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BB078E09B744FA98" box="[303,554,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8888E09B791FA99" box="[672,767,1339,1365]" name="Pakistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is uncertain. As an example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BE668E09B047FA99" author="Karim, S. & Budachetri, K. & Mukherjee, N. & Williams, J. & Kausar, A. & Hassan, M. J. & Adamson, S. & Dowd, S. E. & Apanaskevich, D. & Arijo, A. & Sindhu, Z. U. & Kakar, M. A. & Khan, R. M. D. & Ullah, S. & Sajid, M. S. & Ali, A. & Iqbal, Z." box="[1102,1321,1339,1365]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref213594" refString="Karim, S., Budachetri, K., Mukherjee, N., Williams, J., Kausar, A., Hassan, M. J., Adamson, S., Dowd, S. E., Apanaskevich, D., Arijo, A., Sindhu, Z. U., Kakar, M. A., Khan, R. M. D., Ullah, S., Sajid, M. S., Ali, A. & Iqbal, Z. (2017) A study of ticks and tick-borne livestock pathogens in Pakistan. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11 (6) (article e 0005681), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pntd. 0005681" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Karim
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BEB68E09B1B9FA99" box="[1182,1239,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified thousands of ticks collected from livestock all over
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8CF8E6DB628FAB5" box="[743,838,1375,1401]" name="Pakistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and found no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B9C78E6DB185FAB4" box="[1007,1259,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B9C78E6DB185FAB4" box="[1007,1259,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BF0E8E6DB58CFA51" author="Kasi, K. K. & Arnim, F. & Schulz, A. & Rehman, A. & Chudhary, A. & Oneeb, M. & Saas, M. A. & Jamil, T. & Maksinov, P. & Sauter-Louis, C. & Conraths, F. J. & Groschup, M. H." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1543 - 1552" refId="ref214079" refString="Kasi, K. K., Arnim, F., Schulz, A., Rehman, A., Chudhary, A., Oneeb, M., Saas, M. A., Jamil, T., Maksinov, P., Sauter-Louis, C., Conraths, F. J. & Groschup, M. H. (2020). Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from livestock in Balochistan, Pakistan. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 67, 1543 - 1552. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / tbed. 13488" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Kasi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BF4B8E6DB0F3FAB5" box="[1379,1437,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified hundreds of tick specimens, also from livestock, in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F03C703B9E48EB1B13EFA51" box="[972,1104,1411,1437]" country="Pakistan" name="Balochistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Balochistan</collectingRegion>
|
||
area of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BE868EB1B063FA51" box="[1198,1293,1411,1437]" name="Pakistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Palearctic), concluding that the most abundant species there was
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B8C28E95B682FA0C" box="[746,1004,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B8C28E95B689FA0C" box="[746,999,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">Hyalomma excavatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Because of such contradictory results,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BABF8EF9B598FA29" box="[151,246,1483,1509]" name="Pakistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is provisionally excluded from the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B8C98EF9B6B4FA28" box="[737,986,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B8C98EF9B6B4FA28" box="[737,986,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although we expect that this matter will be resolved soon. The presence of this tick in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B8B88EDDB79EF9C5" box="[656,752,1519,1545]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703B90D8EDDB606F9C5" box="[805,872,1519,1545]" name="Spain" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B9D08EDDB1A5F9C5" author="Nader, J. & Krol, N. & Pfeffer, M. & Ohlendorf, V. & Marklewitz, M. & Drosten, C. & Junglen, S. & Obiegala, A." box="[1016,1227,1519,1545]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref233441" refString="Nader, J., Krol, N., Pfeffer, M., Ohlendorf, V., Marklewitz, M., Drosten, C., Junglen, S. & Obiegala, A. (2018) The diversity of tick-borne bacteria and parasites in ticks collected from the Strandja Nature Park in south-eastern Bulgaria. Parasites & Vectors, 11 (article 165), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 018 - 2721 - z" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nader
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BE6B8EDDB114F9C5" box="[1091,1146,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703BED78EDDB44FF9E1" author="Sanchez-Seco, M. P. & Sierra, M. J. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Valcarcel, F. & Molina, R. & de Arellano, E. R. & Olmeda, A. S. & San Miguel, L. G. & Jimenez, M. & Romero, L. J. & Negredo, A." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="394 - 402" refId="ref249933" refString="Sanchez-Seco, M. P., Sierra, M. J., Estrada-Pena, A., Valcarcel, F., Molina, R., de Arellano, E. R., Olmeda, A. S., San Miguel, L. G., Jimenez, M., Romero, L. J. & Negredo, A. (2021) Widespread detection of multiple strains of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28, 394 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.3201 / eid 2802.211308" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Sánchez-Seco
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703BABF8D21B5A1F9E1" box="[151,207,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively, needs confirmation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F03C703B88B8D21B605F9E1" author="Sylla, M. & Molez, J. F. & Cornet, J. P. & Camicas, J. L." box="[675,875,1555,1581]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref256263" refString="Sylla, M., Molez, J. F., Cornet, J. P. & Camicas, J. L. (2008) Climate change and distribution of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) in Senegal and Mauritania. Acarologia, 48, 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sylla
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B8CB8D21B674F9E1" box="[739,794,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F03C703B9F18D21B1BCF9E0" box="[985,1234,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F03C703B9F18D21B1BCF9E0" box="[985,1234,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Hyalomma excavatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BF3D8D21B000F9E1" box="[1301,1390,1555,1581]" name="Senegal" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F03C703BAD78D05B413F99D" box="[255,381,1591,1617]" name="Mauritania" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the endemicity of this species in those territories is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |