treatments-xml/data/03/8F/B2/038FB248FFD2FFD389B9C599220F9CBC.xml

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<mods:title id="D0FC8DFF9E50EB3801B71DD42D477818">Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C33C50D5FFD2FFD589B9C59920B09A12" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD589B9C59924F49DD4" blockId="99.[151,1214,906,932]" box="[151,1214,906,932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<heading id="D0D1B432FFD2FFD589B9C59924F49DD4" bold="true" box="[151,1214,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD589B9C59924F49DD4" authority="(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008" authorityName="(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,1214,906,932]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Salmonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ephemeridarum">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD589B9C59924F49DD4" bold="true" box="[151,1214,906,932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD589B9C59921A49DD4" bold="true" box="[151,494,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Salmonema ephemeridarum</emphasis>
(von Linstow, 1872) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD2FFD58BDFC59924F49DD4" author="Moravec" box="[753,1214,906,932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refString="Moravec, F., Santos, M. D. &amp; Brasil-Sato, M. C. (2008) Redescription of Cystidicoloides fischeri based on specimens from piranhas in Brazil, and erection of a new genus (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae). Journal of Parasitology, 94, 889 - 897. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / ge- 1419.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD589B9C5C220B09A12" blockId="99.[151,1436,977,1122]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Synonyms: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58838C5C223929D97" authority="(von Linstow, 1872) Petter, 1974" authorityName="(von Linstow, 1872) Petter" authorityYear="1974" box="[278,984,977,999]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelaziidae" genus="Sterliadochona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ephemeridarum">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58838C5C222179D97" box="[278,605,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sterliadochona ephemeridarum</emphasis>
(von Linstow, 1872) Petter, 1974
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58AC4C5C225DD9D97" authority="Chandler, 1931" authorityName="Chandler" authorityYear="1931" box="[1002,1431,977,999]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Metabronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="harwoodi">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58AC4C5C224AF9D97" box="[1002,1253,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Metabronema harwoodi</emphasis>
Chandler, 1931
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD589E9C5E3222F9A76" authority="Skinker, 1931" authorityName="Skinker" authorityYear="1931" box="[199,613,1008,1030]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Metabronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="canadense">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD589E9C5E321829A76" box="[199,456,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Metabronema canadense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD2FFD588FCC5E3222F9A76" author="Skinker" box="[466,613,1008,1030]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refString="Skinker, M. S. (1931) Three new parasitic nematode worms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 79 (Art. 24), 1 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.79 - 2890.1" type="journal article" year="1931">Skinker, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58B5DC5E324C29A76" authority="(Fujita, 1920) Baylis, 1935" authorityName="(Fujita, 1920) Baylis" authorityYear="1935" box="[627,1160,1008,1030]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Metabronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="salvelini">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58B5DC5E3232A9A76" box="[627,864,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Metabronema salvelini</emphasis>
(Fujita, 1920) Baylis, 1935
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58DBBC5E322919A54" authority="(Chandler, 1931) Dollfus &amp; Campana-Rouget, 1956" authorityName="(Chandler, 1931) Dollfus &amp; Campana-Rouget" authorityYear="1956" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Cystidicoloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="harwoodi">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58DBBC5E325D69A76" box="[1173,1436,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cystidicoloides harwoodi</emphasis>
(Chandler, 1931) Dollfus &amp; Campana-Rouget, 1956
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58BCBC21D25D29A54" authority="(Zeder, 1800) Spassky &amp; Roitman, 1957" authorityName="(Zeder, 1800) Spassky &amp; Roitman" authorityYear="1957" box="[741,1432,1038,1061]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelaziidae" genus="Sterliadochona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58BCBC21D23B89A55" box="[741,1010,1038,1061]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sterliadochona tenuissima</emphasis>
(Zeder, 1800) Spassky &amp; Roitman, 1957
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD589E9C23E23419A33" authority="(Zeder, 1800) Rasheed, 1965" authorityName="(Zeder, 1800) Rasheed" authorityYear="1965" box="[199,779,1069,1091]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Cystidicoloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD589E9C23E21929A33" box="[199,472,1069,1091]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cystidicoloides tenuissima</emphasis>
(Zeder, 1800) Rasheed, 1965
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58A39C23E20B09A12" authority="(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, 1981" authorityName="(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec" authorityYear="1981" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Cystidicoloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ephemeridarum">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58A39C23E24119A33" box="[791,1115,1069,1091]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum</emphasis>
(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, 1981
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C50D5FFD2FFD389B9C29D220F9CBC" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD589B9C29D23809BD3" blockId="99.[151,1437,1166,2019]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Description (after Moravec 2013). With characteristics of the genus. Whitish, medium-sized worms with transversely striated cuticle; posterior margins of cuticular rings somewhat elevated. Pseudolabia broad, flat; each pseudolabium with dorsal and ventral lobes and a small papilla-like protrusion. Mouth opening oval, dorsoventrally flattened, with two subdorsal and two subventral elongate sclerotized plates. Mouth surrounded by two dorso-lateral and two ventro-lateral cephalic papillae, and a pair small lateral amphids. Vestibule well sclerotized, long, in lateral view forming small funnel-shaped prostom. Deirids simple, very small, at level of posterior half of vestibule. Oesophagus comprises muscular and glandular portions. Nerve ring encircling muscular oesophagus, excretory pore below nerve ring level. Males much smaller than females.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD589E9C3BD234498B3" blockId="99.[151,1437,1166,2019]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Males: 5.25–8.16 long, 0.087–0.163 maximum width. Vestibule 0.094–0.147, muscular oesophagus 0.600– 1.183, and glandular oesophagus 1.38–2.62 long. Nerve ring 0.177–0.255 and excretory pore 0.246–0.300 from anterior end (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFD2FFD5881FC3E521CE987F" box="[305,388,1526,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,422,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[195,1392,409,1921]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 61. Salmonema ephemeridarum (von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008. A. anterior end, lateral view; B. male, posterior end, ventral view; C. left spicule; D. right spicule. (Redrawn from Moravec 2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165577/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
A). Posterior end usually spirally coiled, with fairly wide caudal alae. Caudal papillae: four pairs subventral pedunculate pre-cloacal papillae, and five pairs subventral pedunculate post-cloacal papillae. One pair very small ventral sessile papillae at level of last subventral pair. 
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58A94C02C240C9826" box="[954,1094,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Area rugosa</emphasis>
anterior to cloaca (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFD2FFD58C09C02D25319827" box="[1319,1403,1598,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,422,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[195,1392,409,1921]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 61. Salmonema ephemeridarum (von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008. A. anterior end, lateral view; B. male, posterior end, ventral view; C. left spicule; D. right spicule. (Redrawn from Moravec 2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165577/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
B). Spicules unequal and dissimilar: large (left) one 0.262–0.345 long, distal end with conical cuticular membrane (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFD2FFD589B1C09520B898EF" box="[159,242,1670,1695]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,422,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[195,1392,409,1921]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 61. Salmonema ephemeridarum (von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008. A. anterior end, lateral view; B. male, posterior end, ventral view; C. left spicule; D. right spicule. (Redrawn from Moravec 2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165577/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
C); short (right) one boat-shaped 0.081–0.140 long, with ventral cuticular ala along its entire length (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFD2FFD58C41C09520FE98B3" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,422,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[195,1392,409,1921]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 61. Salmonema ephemeridarum (von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008. A. anterior end, lateral view; B. male, posterior end, ventral view; C. left spicule; D. right spicule. (Redrawn from Moravec 2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165577/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
D). Tail conical, 0.108–0.156 long, with rounded end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD589E9C0DD22309907" blockId="99.[151,1437,1166,2019]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Females: gravid worms 12.74–14.86 long, 0.244–0.313 maximum width. Vestibule 0.136–0.165, muscular oesophagus 1.36–1.50, and glandular oesophagus 2.12–3.26 long. Nerve ring 0.210–0.240 and excretory pore 0.303–0.330 from anterior end. Tail very short, rounded, 0.045–0.060 long. Vulva in posterior half of body, 8.09– 9.18 from anterior end. Uterus amphidelphic. Eggs oval, thick-walled, with smooth surface, 0.036–0.048 x 0.024– 0.030. Mature eggs contain a formed larva.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD589B9C191227899EB" blockId="99.[151,1437,1166,2019]" box="[151,562,1922,1947]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sites: alimentary tract, swim bladder</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD589B9C1B425D199CE" blockId="99.[151,1437,1166,2019]" box="[151,1435,1958,1983]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD589C9C1B521E399CE" box="[231,425,1958,1983]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anguillidae" genus="Anguilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD589C9C1B521E399CE" box="[231,425,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Anguilla rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(18); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD588DCC1B422F299CF" box="[498,696,1958,1983]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artedi">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD588DCC1B422F299CF" box="[498,696,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Coregonus artedi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(42); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58BD1C1B4245E99CF" box="[767,1044,1958,1983]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clupeaformis">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58BD1C1B4245E99CF" box="[767,1044,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Coregonus clupeaformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(17, 35, 41, 42, 43); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58C22C1B425D199CE" box="[1292,1435,1959,1982]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asper">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58C22C1B425D199CE" box="[1292,1435,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cottus asper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD2FFD289E9C1D822759F14" blockId="99.[151,1437,1166,2019]" lastBlockId="100.[199,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
(10); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58828C1DF21909993" box="[262,474,1996,2019]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masquinongy">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58828C1DF21909993" box="[262,474,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Esox masquinongy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8, 9); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58B1DC1D922AD9993" box="[563,743,1994,2019]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tergisus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58B1DC1D922AD9993" box="[563,743,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Hiodon tergisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58A01C1D9246E9993" box="[815,1060,1994,2019]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkii">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58A01C1D9246E9993" box="[815,1060,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Oncorhynchus clarkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD2FFD58D42C1D9252C9993" box="[1132,1382,1994,2019]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kisutch">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD2FFD58D42C1D9252C9993" box="[1132,1382,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Oncorhynchus kisutch</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10, 13, 42, 43); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28873C684221D9EC0" box="[349,599,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mykiss">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28873C684221D9EC0" box="[349,599,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Oncorhynchus mykiss</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(7, 10, 11, 25, 30, 34, 35, 41, 43); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28D23C68424B69EC0" box="[1037,1276,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nerka">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28D23C68424B69EC0" box="[1037,1276,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Oncorhynchus nerka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10, 13, 43); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD289E9C6AE21AA9EA5" box="[199,480,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Prosopium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindraceum">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD289E9C6AE21AA9EA5" box="[199,480,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Prosopium cylindraceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28B0BC6AE23609EA5" box="[549,810,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Prosopium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsoni">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28B0BC6AE23609EA5" box="[549,810,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Prosopium williamsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28A40C6AF24389EA4" box="[878,1138,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cataractae">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28A40C6AF24389EA4" box="[878,1138,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Rhinichthys cataractae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28D99C6AF25779EA5" box="[1207,1341,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salmo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salar">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28D99C6AF25779EA5" box="[1207,1341,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Salmo salar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 47); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28B8AC6CC237A9E88" box="[676,816,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salmo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trutta">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28B8AC6CC237A9E88" box="[676,816,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Salmo trutta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(14, 16, 43); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28AE4C6CC24DD9E88" box="[970,1175,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salvelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28AE4C6CC24DD9E88" box="[970,1175,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Salvelinus alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD289E9C71721E69F6D" box="[199,428,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salvelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD289E9C71721E69F6D" box="[199,428,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Salvelinus fontinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 31, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 48); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD289E9C73421C69F30" box="[199,396,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salvelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malma">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD289E9C73421C69F30" box="[199,396,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Salvelinus malma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10, 25, 34); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28B0DC73423519F30" box="[547,795,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salvelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaycush">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28B0DC73423519F30" box="[547,795,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Salvelinus namaycush</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(17, 42); 
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28AA9C73424119F30" box="[903,1115,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Thymallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28AA9C73424119F30" box="[903,1115,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Thymallus arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(25, 34); unspecified “dace” (8); unspecified “salmonids” (33)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5953D6FFD5FFD289B9C18524A899BB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165577/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" targetBox="[206,1379,422,1910]" targetPageId="100">
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD5FFD289B9C18524A899BB" blockId="100.[151,1435,1942,1995]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD289B9C185216A99DC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1942,1964]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">FIGURE 61.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFD5FFD28803C18524EC99DC" authority="(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008" authorityName="(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato" authorityYear="2008" box="[301,1190,1942,1964]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Salmonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ephemeridarum">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD5FFD28803C185220099DC" box="[301,586,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Salmonema ephemeridarum</emphasis>
(von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato, 2008
</taxonomicName>
. A. anterior end, lateral view; B. male, posterior end, ventral view; C. left spicule; D. right spicule. (Redrawn from Moravec 2013).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD4FFD389B9C684239A9EA5" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Distribution: 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD3881AC68421B49EC0" box="[308,510,151,176]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38B3FC684222E9EC0" box="[529,612,151,176]" country="Israel" name="Central" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Central</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F33143CEFFD4FFD38B5FC68422829EC0" box="[625,712,151,176]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
, Labrador, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38A7AC68423889EC0" box="[852,962,151,176]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38AFAC68B24D89EC0" box="[980,1170,151,176]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
, Newfoundland, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38C4EC68B215A9EA5" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38835C6AF22479EA5" box="[283,525,188,213]" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38B37C6AF223B9EA5" box="[537,625,188,213]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Ontario</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38B52C6AF233A9EA5" box="[636,880,188,213]" country="Canada" name="Prince Edward Island" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Prince Edward 
<collectingCountry id="F33143CEFFD4FFD38A07C6AF233A9EA5" box="[809,880,188,213]" name="Iceland" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Island</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFD4FFD38A55C6AF239A9EA5" box="[891,976,188,213]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Quebec</collectingRegion>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFD4FFD389B9C6CC220F9CBC" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Records: 1. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38833C6CC21F99E88" author="Skinker" box="[285,435,223,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Skinker, M. S. (1931) Three new parasitic nematode worms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 79 (Art. 24), 1 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.79 - 2890.1" type="journal article" year="1931">Skinker 1931</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 2. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38B30C6CC23739E88" author="Bangham" box="[542,825,223,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Bangham, R. V. &amp; Hunter, G. W. III. (1939) Studies on fish parasites of Lake Erie. Distribution studies. Zoologica (New York), 24, 385 - 444." type="journal article" year="1939">Bangham &amp; Hunter 1939</bibRefCitation>
(ON); 3. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38A88C6F324619E88" author="Lyster" box="[934,1067,224,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Lyster, L. L. (1940) Parasites of freshwater fish. II. Parasitism of speckled and lake trout and the fish found associated with them in Lake Commandant, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Research, Section D, 18, 66 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / cjr 40 d- 005" type="journal article" year="1940">Lyster 1940</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 4. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38DB8C6CC251E9E88" author="Richardson" box="[1174,1364,223,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Richardson, L. R. (1942) The parasites of fishes of Lake Wakonichi, central northern Quebec. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 71, 286 - 289. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1577 / 1548 - 8659 (1941) 71 [286: tpotfo] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="1942">Richardson 1942</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 5. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD389CBC71721EC9F6C" author="Choquette" box="[229,422,260,285]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Choquette, L. P. E. (1948 a) Parasites of freshwater fish. IV. Internal helminths parasitic in speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill )) in rivers and lakes of the Laurentide Park, Quebec, Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, Section D, 26, 204 - 211. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / cjr 48 d- 017" type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="a">Choquette 1948a</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 6. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38B37C71722969F6D" author="Choquette" box="[537,732,260,285]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Choquette, L. P. E. (1948 b) On the species of the genus Metabronema Yorke and Maplestone, 1926, parasitic in trout and char." type="book chapter" year="1948" yearSuffix="b">Choquette 1948b</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 7. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38A61C71723B69F6D" author="Bangham" box="[847,1020,260,285]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Bangham, R. V. (1951) Parasite records by location in 1951: Manitoulin Island and surrounding waters. University of Toronto, Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory Report, 27 pp." type="book" year="1951">Bangham 1951</bibRefCitation>
(ON); 8. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38D5EC71725799F6D" author="Choquette" box="[1136,1331,260,285]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Choquette, L. P. E. (1951 b) Description of Metabronema prevosti sp. nov. with a note on the genus and a list of its species and their host and geographical distribution. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 29, 102 - 108. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 51 - 011" type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">Choquette 1951b</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 9. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD389E9C73421C29F30" author="Choquette" box="[199,392,295,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Choquette, L. P. E. (1951 c) Parasites of freshwater fish. V. Parasitic helminths of the muskallunge [sic], Esox masquinongy Mitchill, in the St. Lawrence watershed. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 29, 290 - 295. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 51 - 026" type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="c">Choquette 1951c</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 10. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38B22C73423799F30" author="Bangham" box="[524,819,295,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Bangham, R. V. &amp; Adams, J. R. (1954) A survey of the parasites of freshwater fishes from the mainland of British Columbia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 11, 673 - 708. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 54 - 043" type="journal article" year="1954">Bangham &amp; Adams 1954</bibRefCitation>
(BC); 11. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38A9AC73424289F30" author="Bangham" box="[948,1122,295,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Bangham, R. V. (1955) Studies on fish parasites of Lake Huron and Manitoulin Island. American Midland Naturalist, 53, 184 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422308" type="journal article" year="1955">Bangham 1955</bibRefCitation>
(ON); 12. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38DC9C73425D69F30" author="Choquette" box="[1255,1436,295,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Choquette, L. P. E. (1955) The life history of the nematode Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920) parasitic in the speckled trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in Quebec, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 33, 1 - 4. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 55 - 001" type="journal article" year="1955">Choquette 1955</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 13. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38811C75F21AF9F15" author="Margolis" box="[319,485,332,357]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Margolis, L. (1965) Parasites as an auxiliary source of information about the biology of Pacific salmons (genus Oncorhynchus). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 22, 1387 - 1395. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 65 - 122" type="journal article" year="1965">Margolis 1965</bibRefCitation>
(BC); 14. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38B4BC75F22A29F15" author="Pippy" box="[613,744,332,357]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Pippy, J. H. C. (1965) Studies on the parasites of freshwater fishes (Salmonidae and Coregonidae) of insular Newfoundland. M. Sc. Thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, 170 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 67 - 158" type="book" year="1965">Pippy 1965</bibRefCitation>
(NF); 15. Pippy 1967 (LB, NB, NL, PE); 16. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38C26C75F210D9FF8" author="Sandeman" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Sandeman, I. M. &amp; Pippy, J. H. C. (1967) Parasites of freshwater fishes (Salmonidae and Coregonidae) of insular Newfoundland. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 24, 1911 - 1943. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 67 - 158" type="journal article" year="1967">Sandeman &amp; Pippy 1967</bibRefCitation>
(NF); 17. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38890C77C228F9FF8" author="Hicks" box="[446,709,367,392]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Hicks, F. J. &amp; Threlfall, W. (1973) Metazoan parasites of salmonids and coregonids from coastal Labrador. Journal of Fish Biology, 5, 399 - 415. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1973. tb 04468. x" type="journal article" year="1973">Hicks &amp; Threlfall 1973</bibRefCitation>
(LB); 18. Hanek &amp; Molnar 1974 (QC); 19. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38D9BC76325D69FF8" author="Hare" box="[1205,1436,367,392]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Hare, G. M. &amp; Frantsi, C. (1974) Abundance and potential pathology of parasites infecting salmonids in Canadian maritime hatcheries. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 31, 1031 - 1036. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 74 - 116" type="journal article" year="1974">Hare &amp; Frantsi 1974</bibRefCitation>
(NS); 20. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38819C787224E9FDD" author="Frantsi" box="[311,516,404,429]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Frantsi, C., Flewelling, T. C. &amp; Tidswell, K. G. (1975) Investigations on corynebacterial kidney disease and Diplostomum sp. (eye-fluke) at Margaree Hatchery, 1972 - 1973, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Branch, Environment Canada, Maritime Region, Technical Report Serial No. MAR / T - 75 - 9, 30 pp." type="book chapter" year="1975">
Frantsi 
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFD4FFD388A2C786218F9FDD" box="[396,453,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
1975
</bibRefCitation>
(NB); 21. Hare 1975 (NB); 22. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38A41C786240D9FDD" author="Hare" box="[879,1095,404,429]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Hare, G. M. &amp; Burt, M. D. B. (1975 a) Identification, host sites and biology of parasites infecting juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Miramichi River system. Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate, Technical Report, No. 581, 34 pp." type="book" year="1975" yearSuffix="a">Hare &amp; Burt 1975a</bibRefCitation>
(NB); 23. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38DECC78625D69FDD" author="Hare" box="[1218,1436,404,429]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Hare, G. M. &amp; Burt, M. D. B. (1975 b) Abundance and population dynamics of parasites infecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Trout Brook, New Brunswick, Canada. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32, 2069 - 2074. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 75 - 245" type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="b">Hare &amp; Burt 1975b</bibRefCitation>
(NB); 24. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38814C7AB224D9FA0" author="Hare" box="[314,519,439,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Hare, G. M. &amp; Burt, M. D. B. (1976) Parasites as potential biological tags of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the Miramichi River System, New Brunswick. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 33, 1139 - 1141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 76 - 142" type="journal article" year="1976">Hare &amp; Burt 1976</bibRefCitation>
(NB); 25. Anon. 1978 (BC); 26. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38A51C7A424E79FA0" author="Chinniah" box="[895,1197,439,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Chinniah, V. C. &amp; Threlfall, W. (1978) Metazoan parasites of fish from the Smallwood Reservoir, Labrador, Canada. Journal of Fish Biology, 13, 203 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1978. tb 03427. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Chinniah &amp; Threlfall 1978</bibRefCitation>
(LB); 27. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38C0AC7A421C39F84" author="Thompson" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Thompson, P. A. &amp; Threlfall, W. (1978) The metazoan parasites of two species of fish from the Port-Cartier-Sept-Iles Park, Quebec. Le Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec), 105, 429 - 431." type="journal article" year="1978">Thompson &amp; Threlfall 1978</bibRefCitation>
(QC); 28. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38B27C7CF22C49F84" author="Glenn" box="[521,654,476,501]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Glenn, C. L. (1980) Seasonal parasitic infections in mooneye, Hiodon tergisus (LeSueur), from the Assiniboine River. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 252 - 257. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 80 - 030" type="journal article" year="1980">Glenn 1980</bibRefCitation>
(MB); 29. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38A3DC7CF23DC9F84" author="Pippy" box="[787,918,476,501]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Pippy, J. H. C. (1980) The value of parasites as biological tags in Atlantic salmon at West Greenland. Rapports et Proces- Verbaux des Reunions. Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 176, 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1980">Pippy 1980</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 30. Anon. 1981 (BC); 31. G. A. Black 1981a (QC); 32. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD388A6C7EC22D99C68" author="Dick" box="[392,659,511,536]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Dick, T. A. &amp; Belosevic, M. (1981) Parasites of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus) and their use in separating sea-run and non-migrating charr. Journal of Fish Biology, 18, 339 - 347. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1981. tb 03775. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Dick &amp; Belosevic 1981</bibRefCitation>
(NT); 33. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFD4FFD38A20C7EC24779C68" author="Margolis" box="[782,1085,511,536]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Margolis, L. &amp; Moravec, F. (1982) Ramellogammarus vancouverensis Bousfield (Amphipoda) as an intermediate host for salmonid parasites in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 1100 - 1104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 152" type="journal article" year="1982">Margolis &amp; Moravec 1982</bibRefCitation>
(BC); 34. 
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>