163 lines
18 KiB
XML
163 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E1A448F79A1835A85B312AE782BFB154">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="CD45C04531764ACCDE2A0BC4CBCF2C58">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="40E2AE93EF6EBC815E2E090571CD00B0">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E470E8E04C05921691AB4302BC88DE89" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0A3638C2329C4DBF88A04525FA766983">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D051CA64712F1B0997AF59086E5CB261" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1CFC631949B20A76DE27DAD1119C89E3">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="14A931477D203ACFFFB3E0FE492D4ECC" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E6B656AD9A09DA434C2F7DB9DA5FA5DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AF21EAEBC678C62301B4EF4292C695BB">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C19E17DBFC6E24AE1E90279E26B03342">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DC878401E0ED2F3CE2CA2557A02311B5">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B3DFF87FF56FF6EFB93FCDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639431" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291149" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B3DFF87FF56FF6EFB93FCDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B3DFF87FF56FF6EFB93FCDF" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B3DFF87FF56FF6EFC7BFF7E" box="[151,901,151,178]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B3DFF87FF56FF6EFC7BFF7E" blockId="43.[151,901,151,178]" box="[151,901,151,178]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B3DFF87FF56FF6EFC7BFF7E" bold="true" box="[151,901,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF56FF6EFC7BFF7E" bold="true" box="[151,901,151,178]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FF56FF6EFD07FF7E" ID-CoL="J4B8" authority="(Thomson & Simpson, 1909)" authorityName="Ramvilas & Alderslade & Ranjeet" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,761,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF56FF6EFE73FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,397,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Astrogorgia arborea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FE5DFF6EFD0EFF7E" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[412,752,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266663E7B3DFF87FCC1FF6EFC7BFF7E" box="[768,901,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">new comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B3DFF87FF56FF22FBEDFEF3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B3DFF87FF56FF22FB61FF3B" blockId="43.[151,1183,219,244]" box="[151,1183,219,244]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B3DFF87FF56FF22FB61FF3B" box="[151,1183,219,244]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B3DFF87FF56FF22FD27FF3C" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[151,729,219,244]" page="257" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FF56FF22FD27FF3C" authority="Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 255 - 257" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityPageNumber="255 - 257" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,729,219,244]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF56FF22FEACFF3C" box="[151,338,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Muricella arborea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FE99FF22FD27FF3C" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[344,729,219,244]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 255–257</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 3, fig. 1&5; pl. 8, fig. 18 (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B3DFF87FBC8FF22FBABFF3C" box="[1033,1109,219,243]" country="Myanmar" name="Rakhine" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Arakan</collectingRegion>
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coast).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B3DFF87FF56FEDBFBEDFEF3" blockId="43.[151,1043,290,316]" box="[151,1043,290,316]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Opinion: This species does occur in the region but was originally misidentified.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B3DFF87FF56FE93FE28FE3F" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B3DFF87FF56FE93FED7FE4B" blockId="43.[151,1437,362,496]" box="[151,297,362,388]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B3DFF87FF06FE77FE28FE3F" blockId="43.[151,1437,362,496]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF06FE77FC7FFE67" box="[199,897,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FC4CFE77FBA3FE67" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[909,1117,398,424]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 77</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 51, fig. 1–1c (Cuddalore) as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FF77FE4BFCDFFE03" authority="(Thomson & Simpson, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[182,801,434,460]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acanthomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF77FE4BFE31FE03" box="[182,463,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Acanthomuricea arborea</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FE1CFE4BFCE7FE03" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[477,793,434,460]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FCECFE4BFBAEFE03" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[813,1104,434,460]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FC5FFE4AFC31FE03" box="[926,975,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 167
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 76, fig. 1–1c (Cuddalore) as
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF77FE2FFE28FE3F" box="[182,470,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FF77FE2FFE2DFE3F" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[182,467,470,496]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acanthomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">Acanthomuricea arborea</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B3DFF87FF06FDE6FB93FCDF" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B3DFF87FF06FDE6FB93FCDF" blockId="43.[151,1436,542,784]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF06FDE6FE60FDF7" box="[199,414,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: Originally described from the
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B3DFF87FCCDFDE7FCA0FDF7" box="[780,862,542,568]" country="Myanmar" name="Rakhine" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Arakan</collectingRegion>
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coast (Bay of Bengal) as a member of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FF56FDBBFEFBFD93" box="[151,261,578,604]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF56FDBBFEFBFD93" box="[151,261,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Muricella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, this species has retractile polyps and is considered to be a species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FBE7FDBBFB55FD93" box="[1062,1195,578,604]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FBE7FDBBFB55FD93" box="[1062,1195,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Astrogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It was reassigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FF56FD9FFEAEFD4F" box="[151,336,614,640]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acanthomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FF56FD9FFEAEFD4F" box="[151,336,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Acanthomuricea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FEB9FD9FFD9CFD4F" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[376,610,614,640]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000: 76)</bibRefCitation>
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, which is a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B3DFF87FCAAFD9FFC0EFD4F" box="[875,1008,614,640]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FCAAFD9FFC0EFD4F" box="[875,1008,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Astrogorgia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FC3CFD9FFB48FD4F" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[1021,1206,614,640]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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adopted Grasshoff’s reassignment, which was repeated in
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FDFFFD73FCC0FD6B" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[574,830,650,676]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FD71FD72FD1CFD6B" box="[688,738,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. However, their description of the arrangement of the calyx sclerites as being “obliquely placed” differs from that in the original where they were said to be arranged in a “definite manner” in 8
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FE73FD2AFDD3FD23" box="[434,557,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">en chevron</emphasis>
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rows becoming almost longitudinal at the calyx rim. The original colony had white sclerites, but that of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FE01FD0FFD85FCDF" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[448,635,758,784]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B3DFF87FD70FD0FFC52FCDF" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[689,940,758,784]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B3DFF87FCE3FD0EFCADFCDF" box="[802,851,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has red sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |