149 lines
18 KiB
XML
149 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="329C2F3EDEF1021428AE080F3A63ED5E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.194317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f34e59d-2811-406f-84b6-03b21f846496" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="194317" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460201459555" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saether, Ole A." docDate="2010" docId="03885A20FFD1713662ADFA7AFA17FDCF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02412p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2412" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cryptotendipes" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFB12258FFC07124623AFFBBFF90FFBD" masterDocTitle="Cryptotendipes Lenz from Manitoba, Canada, with keys to known immatures of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698236616335" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="506F3B7D2A25BAA0C7CF618A5D972EBA">
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<mods:title id="3DD48DCE0FC10F8CB07E0D6A41E78766">Cryptotendipes Lenz from Manitoba, Canada, with keys to known immatures of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BA70EDB60427D2AA624815EAE146E7D8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B28ADD0940BF92BD7B19E0DCE981FF63">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="18302484768E2F3491B5001E0A268508">Saether, Ole A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9B6EC63AA7E38307757E53A5292E5A81">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8AF0AC1A0D986AE6FC0F626A725F2073">
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<mods:title id="25A85CCB4948ACFD2FE377DDF539AF50">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D375A4EA4502BE4AAA1F9AE976587973">
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<mods:date id="80930DC386BD99F8DA6B716CE7C8F6FA">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7187D3BDE1FF25883216DE687D658582" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="165212A2570FB54A6DD170AC9DAC9D4B">2412</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="284AB17ABD74750A1322BBC4268DD67A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="3FBD0D2D290CB0A1822E1F81E2833F4F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4345E4743F97290B90F3B02808BC6E7A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.194317</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D364EEF2684041F41E28FA6505FB3CDE" type="GBIF-Dataset">3f34e59d-2811-406f-84b6-03b21f846496</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA83B2DF1C2AEC9347DA5E40248B0431" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="178F0E197111CB75E2A1CE24118C4017" type="Zenodo-Dep">194317</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03885A20FFD1713662ADFA7AFA17FDCF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6199624" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124956936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6199624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03885A20FFD1713662ADFA7AFA17FDCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03885A20FFD1713662ADFA7AFA17FDCF" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C33BB8BDFFD1713562ADFA7AFCE8F8BE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9EEB36FFD1713562ADFA7AFD01FA67" blockId="17.[151,657,1472,1499]" box="[151,657,1472,1499]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0D65C5AFFD1713562ADFA7AFD01FA67" bold="true" box="[151,657,1472,1499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD1713562ADFA7AFD01FA67" bold="true" box="[151,657,1472,1499]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD1713562ADFA7AFEDCFA66" ID-CoL="62P6N" ID-ENA="891885" box="[151,332,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD1713562ADFA7AFEDCFA66" bold="true" box="[151,332,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cryptotendipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in Lake Winnipeg
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EEB36FFD1713562ADF9B2FCE8F8BE" blockId="17.[151,1437,1545,2019]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Amongst the five
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD17135634BF9B2FDB8F99F" box="[369,552,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD17135634BF9B2FDB8F99F" box="[369,552,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cryptotendipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species occurring in Lake Winnipeg
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD1713561D1F9B2FBCDF99F" box="[1003,1117,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darbyi">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD1713561D1F9B2FBCDF99F" box="[1003,1117,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. darbyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD1713566A3F9B2FAA1F99F" box="[1177,1329,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casuarius">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD1713566A3F9B2FAA1F99F" box="[1177,1329,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. casuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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both are very common and distributed all over the lake (
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<figureCitation id="131AF7B3FFD1713560FAF995FC95F9F5" box="[704,773,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[375,1203,360,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[370,1217,349,1952]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Lake Winnipeg showing sampling stations and the larval distribution of Cryptotendipes darbyi (Sublette) and Cryptotendipes casuarius (Townes) in the lake." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194318/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). The larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD1713561FBF995FBBFF9FA" box="[961,1071,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darbyi">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD1713561FBF995FBBFF9FA" box="[961,1071,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. darbyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are most common in the South Basin, while
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD171356309F9EFFE58F9D0" box="[307,456,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casuarius">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD171356309F9EFFE58F9D0" box="[307,456,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. casuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is more common in the North Basin. The remaining three species of the genus are represented by a few specimens with only a pupa of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD171356135F9C2FC53F92F" box="[783,963,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotener">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD171356135F9C2FC53F92F" box="[783,963,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. pseudotener</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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present in the bottom samples (
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<figureCitation id="131AF7B3FFD171356779F9C2FA1AF92E" box="[1347,1418,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[375,1203,360,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[370,1217,349,1952]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Lake Winnipeg showing sampling stations and the larval distribution of Cryptotendipes darbyi (Sublette) and Cryptotendipes casuarius (Townes) in the lake." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194318/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Imagines of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD171356316F925FE53F90A" box="[300,451,1694,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casuarius">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD171356316F925FE53F90A" box="[300,451,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. casuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD1713563C4F925FDFEF90A" box="[510,622,1694,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darbyi">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD1713563C4F925FDFEF90A" box="[510,622,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. darbyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were present during the full sampling period with from mid June to mid September, while
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD17135639AF97FFDB3F960" box="[416,547,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emorsus">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD17135639AF97FFDB3F960" box="[416,547,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. emorsus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD171356067F97FFD60F960" box="[605,752,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilicuspis">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD171356067F97FFD60F960" box="[605,752,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. pilicuspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were caught in June–July, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD17135665AF97FFA81F960" box="[1120,1297,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotener">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD17135665AF97FFA81F960" box="[1120,1297,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. pseudotener</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in October.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD1713562ADF952FEBAF8BF" box="[151,298,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosus">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD1713562ADF952FEBAF8BF" box="[151,298,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. tuberosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Southern Indian Lake was collected in June.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33BB8BDFFD1713662FEF8B5FA17FDCF" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9EEB36FFD1713562FEF8B5FA0CF85E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1545,2019]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB096C7FFD1713562FEF8B5FECFF895" author="Dyar" box="[196,351,1806,1832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="19" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1890) The number of molts of lepidopterous larvae. Psyche, 5, 420 - 422." type="journal article" year="1890">Dyar (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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studied 28 species of Lepidoptera larvae and reported that width of the head capsule consistently increased by a factor of 1.4 at each molt. This ratio has become known as Dyar's Rule.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB096C7FFD17135671AF888FED8F8CE" author="Soponis" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Soponis, A. R. & Russell, C. L. (1982) Identification of instars and species in some larval Polypedilum (Polypedilum) (Diptera: Chironomidae). Hydrobiologia, 94, 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="1982">Soponis & Russell (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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question the usefulness of applying Dyar’s rule to chironomid larvae since the existence of four larval instars is well established in chironomids and the groupings of instars obvious. However, the rule is most useful when several similar species are present in the same locality and especially the early instars difficult to separate. The inverse of Dyar's Rule or 0.71 is more useful in order to identify earlier instars.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EEB36FFD2713662ADFF23FD79FEFA" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB096C7FFD2713662ADFF23FEFCFF0F" author="McCauley" box="[151,364,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="McCauley, V. J. E. (1974) Instar differentiation in larval Chironomidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 106, 179 - 200." type="journal article" year="1974">McCauley (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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did a study of the instar differentiation of larval chironomids and gave the head capsule length and width of about 40 species. The head capsule length of third instar as a percentage of the head capsule length of the fourth instar calculated from his tables varies between 56 and 71 %, with a mean of 63 %. The head capsule length of second instar as a percentage of the head capsule length of the third instar varies between 52 and 79 %, with a mean of 64 %.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EEB36FFD2713662FEFEE9FA17FDCF" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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In a recent paper on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD271366380FEE9FD07FED6" box="[442,663,338,363]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD271366380FEE9FD07FED6" box="[442,663,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cryptochironomus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Lake Winnipeg (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB096C7FFD27136619CFEE9FBD0FED1" author="Saether" box="[934,1088,338,364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Saether, O. A. (2009) Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 2208, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2009">Saether 2009</bibRefCitation>
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) found that in populations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD2713662ADFEC3FDFFFE2F" authority="Johannsen" authorityName="Johannsen" box="[151,623,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stylifera">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD2713662ADFEC3FE49FE2C" box="[151,473,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cryptochironomus stylifera</emphasis>
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(Johannsen)
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</taxonomicName>
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the median of the head capsules of third instar were 57 % as long as the median of the head capsules of fourth instar and the head capsules of second instar 57 % as long as in third instar; in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD27136633FFE79FD9AFE61" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[261,522,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitatus">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD27136633FFE79FE1FFE66" box="[261,399,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. digitatus</emphasis>
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(Malloch)
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</taxonomicName>
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the same ratios were 62% and 62.5 %; in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD2713661C2FE79FB2BFE61" authority="Mason" authorityName="Mason" box="[1016,1211,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramus">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD2713661C2FE79FBF3FE66" box="[1016,1123,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. ramus</emphasis>
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Mason
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</taxonomicName>
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61 % and 60 %. In Lake Winnipeg populations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD27136603BFE53FCBDFDBC" box="[513,813,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casuarius">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD27136603BFE53FCBDFDBC" box="[513,813,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cryptotendipes casuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the median of the head capsules of third instar are 61 % as long as the median of the head capsules of fourth instar and the head capsules of second instar 66 % as long as in third instar (
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<figureCitation id="131AF7B3FFD2713663A4FD89FE75FDF1" box="[414,485,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[313,1217,685,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[308,1272,645,1930]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Head capsule lengths of different instars of Cryptotendipes darbyi (Sublette) and Cryptotendipes casuarius (Townes) in Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194325/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2190B5FFD271366021FD89FD19FDF6" box="[539,649,562,587]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darbyi">
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<emphasis id="B9553724FFD271366021FD89FD19FDF6" box="[539,649,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. darbyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the same ratios are 56% and 70 %. However, too few second instar larvae were collected to make the relation between head capsule lengths of second and third instars reliable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |