treatments-xml/data/03/38/59/03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3.xml

233 lines
29 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="E29FCEDECFE055205A7DF6BE5440E25C" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="25576C4-95FF-4B35-817E-1B9678458A2B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738785695313" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallal, Robert J. &amp; Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2018" docId="03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" docLanguage="en" docName="zly014.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Artifex Kallal &amp; Hormiga, 2018, GEN. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1124" masterDocId="FF012108FFE2313EF84A5B52FFD1FF98" masterDocTitle="Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution" masterLastPageNumber="1141" masterPageNumber="1055" pageNumber="1124" updateTime="1738786974344" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
<mods:mods id="749F6BBA81932B0DD9D9A1784B1EF953" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A21CCE4B347A44E561AC17F3F05473FF">
<mods:title id="BC084D8F2AA98ADC4F265B9E7D23831D">Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F276D4578B761EFC5FD250F009DA87DC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="14AA81F1B630F99EADED4B866694BB9E">
<mods:roleTerm id="058DB95163291248B36C418985BA8894">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="40E433E99E6C93EACCBD2BA8817ECF42">Kallal, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="31086F85DCE9C7A10B83BD238E9A0546" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9FF898D50A0BD57D28EFCDAB5FEE91E4">
<mods:roleTerm id="41F6E68370FB36F50E58851997DD0D3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="331532FCD1F7BAFCBA4E973AE57C0F36">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="446B8545C99447EF3F41A44054F10B5D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="20C32389ECC31BBF386D207E2BA04F73" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A40ABC38A1F2271F58BDFC9861F29A52">
<mods:title id="3BCE2CE3CCAC4497A6B5A53D6DE1E956">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CA8A702DD68178AC8FB8D8199A9D0A8D">
<mods:date id="529F46767D2A1CA43C21399B9AD63A4F">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A1273F2B131DD17E75098DAA5CA192FA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4C0DE2D08D1B5D25FBB9F38066F85E00">184</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9A10E029CC621FFB6A1D8B33323A657F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="56A1492F1280A54E92B479A4FE4D3E01">1055</mods:start>
<mods:end id="26C01EA27110ED3CDDD955E1A224203F">1141</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="AF49A36C54C573285159A939B1E552E1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C052331E008A9FCBC6B4518021E354A4" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C48AA14EEAB04A6D538B43433E2AEF6E" type="ZooBank">25576C4-95FF-4B35-817E-1B9678458A2B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" lastPageNumber="1124" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<subSubSection id="C38BBBEDFFA7317BF92E5B96FD98FF44" box="[356,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF92E5B96FD98FF44" blockId="69.[356,585,196,220]" box="[356,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<heading id="D0665F0AFFA7317BF92E5B96FD98FF44" box="[356,585,196,220]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF92E5B96FE1AFF43" ID-CoL="62CJQ" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[356,459,196,220]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<smallCapsWord id="8DC87EBAFFA7317BF92E5B96FE1AFF43" baselines="214,214" box="[356,459,196,220]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Artifex" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">ARTIFEX</smallCapsWord>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9985B95FD98FF44" bold="true" box="[466,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BF9985B95FD98FF44" box="[466,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">
<smallCapsWord id="8DC87EBAFFA7317BF9985B95FDD2FF42" baselines="213" box="[466,515,199,218]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="gen" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">GEN</smallCapsWord>
.
<smallCapsWord id="8DC87EBAFFA7317BFA5B5B95FD93FF42" baselines="213" box="[529,578,199,218]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">NOV</smallCapsWord>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C38BBBEDFFA7317BF8E95BBFFBAAF8C3" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95BBFFD74FE99" blockId="69.[163,677,236,258]" box="[163,677,236,258]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95BBFFEE2FE9A" box="[163,307,237,258]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<typeStatus id="542A56C4FFA7317BF8E95BBFFF09FE9A" box="[163,216,237,258]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF9745BBFFD70FE99" authority="Koch, 1871" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1871" box="[318,673,236,258]" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species" species="melanopyga">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9745BBFFDCBFE99" box="[318,538,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Epeira melanopyga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF009597FFA7317BFA6B5BBEFD70FE99" author="Koch L" box="[545,673,236,258]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref61339" refString="Koch L. 1871. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Nurnberg 1: 1-104." type="journal article" year="1871">Koch, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95A66FDE7FBDF" blockId="69.[163,780,307,1095]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95A66FE51FED0" box="[163,384,307,329]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF9645A61FE51FED0" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[302,384,307,328]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Artifex</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9C05A61FDD3FED0" bold="true" box="[394,514,307,328]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BF9C05A61FDD3FED0" box="[394,514,307,328]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from other zygielline araneids based on the following combination of characters: a brown ring and crescent shapes on the dorsum of the abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFA135ADDFD67FE3C" box="[601,694,399,421]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="72.[148,227,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-90@72.[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 40. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., female. Habitus: A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): AD: 0.5; EG: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 40A</figureCitation>
), wider posterior abdment (
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF9345AFCFE30FE5B" box="[382,481,430,452]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="72.[148,227,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-90@72.[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 40. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., female. Habitus: A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): AD: 0.5; EG: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Figs 40A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF9A15AFCFDC9FE5B" box="[491,536,430,451]" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="77.[163,241,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-101@77.[227,1379,195,1657]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figure 44. Artifex joannae comb. nov., female. Habitus:A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): AD: 0.5; EG: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">44A</figureCitation>
) usually surrounding apodemes, on a pale guanocyte field in both sexes and a rugose area on the posterior margin of the ALS.
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF8E95958FE94FD87" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,325,522,543]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95958FE94FD87" box="[163,325,522,543]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ovate or circular markings and
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF8E9597AFEC3FDA5" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,274,552,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E9597AFEC3FDA5" box="[163,274,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Deliochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has stripes, and both genera have abdomens that are globose or with parallel sides. Males have a somewhat elongated conductor with a process pointing apically near centre of palp, a translucent membrane wrapping the conductor mesally (
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFA5759F1FD61FD20" box="[541,688,675,697]" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="73.[163,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-28@73.[227,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 41. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., male. A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Pedipalp: E, ectal, illustrated; F, dorsal; G, mesal; H, ventral; I, ectal. Scale bars (mm): AD: 0.5; EI: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 41B, EI</figureCitation>
) absent in other zygiellines, embolus with sclerotized shaft and sperm duct separated by
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9B059B3FD43FD6D" box="[506,658,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars pendula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFAE859B2FCD3FD6D" box="[674,770,736,758]" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="73.[163,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-28@73.[227,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 41. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., male. A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Pedipalp: E, ectal, illustrated; F, dorsal; G, mesal; H, ventral; I, ectal. Scale bars (mm): AD: 0.5; EI: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
) not present in
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF90159ADFE32FC8C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[331,483,767,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF90159ADFE32FC8C" box="[331,483,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, convering about midway, with minute hooks on both, and the absence of median apophysis (
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF96F586EFE54FCC9" box="[293,389,828,850]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[146,227,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,204,798]" captionTargetId="figure-582@22.[153,1420,197,800]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Schematic illustration of palps of species of Australasian zygielline genera. A, Phonognatha graeffei. B, Deliochus humilis comb. nov. C. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). Females can be identified based on the epigynum with two wide ventral copulatory openings without a scape separated by a sclerotized carina or septum and broad, somewhat sclerotized copulatory duct. Females can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF8E95887FE93FC72" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,322,981,1002]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95887FE93FC72" box="[163,322,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF9CA5887FE25FC72" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[384,500,981,1002]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9CA5887FE25FC72" box="[384,500,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Deliochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the wider posterior abdomen and broad copulatory openings (
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFAD058A6FCD4FB91" box="[666,773,1012,1034]" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="70.[145,225,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[150,1417,559,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-161@70.[150,1417,559,1819]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 39. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov. Female: A, ALS; B, PMS; C, PLS; D, epigynum, ventral. Male pedipalp: E, apical; F, ectal; G, ventral; H, mesal; I, dorsal. Scale bars (μm): A, C: 20; B: 20; DI: 100." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Figs 39D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF8E95F41FF03FBB0" box="[163,210,1043,1064]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="76.[145,221,1109,1131]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,195,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-300@76.[151,1418,195,1069]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 43. Artifex joannae comb. nov. Female:A,ALS; B, PLS; C, PMS; D, epigynum, ventral.Scale bars (μm):AC:10; D: 100." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">43D</figureCitation>
). Males have a membranous layer of the conductor (
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF8E15F63FED8FBDF" box="[171,265,1073,1095]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="72.[148,227,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-90@72.[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 40. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., female. Habitus: A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): AD: 0.5; EG: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 40E</figureCitation>
) absent in related genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95F37FEFEFBE4" blockId="69.[163,779,1125,1883]" box="[163,303,1125,1148]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95F37FEFEFBE4" box="[163,303,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95FD6FA75FE80" blockId="69.[163,779,1125,1883]" lastBlockId="69.[827,1444,197,280]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95FD6FF2DFB01" box="[163,252,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Female:</emphasis>
Total length 9.4514.11. Carapace 4.876.01 long, 3.124.30 wide, 1.412.16 high, yellowish brown to reddish brown in colour, with
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA605F90FD04FB4F" box="[554,725,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
and carapace margins darker than
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA455FB3FD67FB6D" box="[527,694,1248,1270]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars thoracica</emphasis>
. AMEs on small prominence; lateral eyes juxtaposed, paired on a small prominences; AME diameter 0.250.44; AME interdistance slightly wider than AME diameter; AME PME distance
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF90E5E0EFE84FAE9" box="[324,341,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
AME diameter. Clypeus
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA2F5E0EFDA7FAE9" box="[613,630,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
1/23/4 AME diameter. Paturon coloured as
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA435E28FD60FA17" box="[521,689,1402,1423]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
, with 3 prolateral and 3 retrolateral teeth. Leg formula 1243, coloured as cephalothorax, or slightly lighter; femur I sigmoid. Abdomen 5.949.62 long, 4.187.15 wide, 3.037.02 high; light brown with pale guanocytes; 15 dark brown markings, often with dark brown posterior; ventral side two longitudinal stripes from epigastric furrow to spinning field. Spinning field typical of araneoids, with the following exceptions common to zygielline (and some nephiline) araneids: a rugose area on posterior rim of ALS making a notch in the piriform spigot field and one flagelliform spigot of triad closer to a cylindrical gland spigot than aggregate gland spigots. Epigynum with large, ventral-facing copulatory openings separated by a sclerotized septum; copulatory duct broad and somewhat sclerotized, curling ventrally to reach spermathecae; fertilization ducts emerging dorsal and posterior from spermathecae. Copulatory duct frequently plugged with minutely serrated emboli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715A16FBDAFBC0" blockId="69.[827,1443,324,1112]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715A16FCACFEC1" box="[827,893,324,345]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Male:</emphasis>
Total length 4.466.91. Carapace 2.283.90 long, 1.452.39 wide, 0.771.12 high, yellowish brown to reddish brown in colour, with
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC885AD0FABCFE0E" box="[1218,1389,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
and lateral edges of carapace darker than
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFCBC5AF2FA4DFE2D" box="[1270,1436,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars thoracica</emphasis>
. AMEs on small prominence; eye arrangement as in female; AME diameter 0.160.26; AME interdistance slightly wider than AME diameter; AMEPME distance
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFBF85949FC14FDA8" box="[946,965,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
AME diameter. Clypeus
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFD5E5949FAF7FDA8" box="[1300,1318,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
1/2 AME diameter. Chelicerae coloured as
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFCF05968FAB1FDD6" box="[1210,1376,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs formula 1243, coloured as cephalothorax, or slightly lighter; femur I sigmoid. Abdomen 2.723.50 long, 1.682.40 wide, 1.712.41 high; 15 dark brown markings, often with dark brown posterior; ventral side two longitudinal stripes from epigastric furrow to spinning field. Spinning field similar to female. Pedipalp tibia approximately half the length of cymbium; cymbium slightly elongated, with broad, integral paracymbium; tegulum and subtegulum rotated dorsally; membrane connecting embolic division with tegulum near embolic base; embolus with sclerotized shaft and sperm duct separated by
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB92589AFBA0FC45" box="[984,1137,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars pendula</emphasis>
, then converging at about midway, with small barbs near point of convergence; conductor coiled with an embolic groove, covered ectally with translucent membrane covering mid-conductor process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715FD3FB24FB4B" blockId="69.[827,1442,1153,1236]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715FD3FBEBFB0E" box="[827,1082,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
Composition:
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFBA05FD3FBEBFB0E" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[1002,1082,1153,1174]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Artifex</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC0E5FD3FB68FB0E" bold="true" box="[1092,1209,1153,1174]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFC0E5FD3FB68FB0E" box="[1092,1209,1153,1174]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is composed of two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFBD05FF2FB0FFB2D" authority="(Koch, 1871)" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[922,1246,1184,1206]" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species" species="melanopyga" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFBD05FF2FB94FB2D" box="[922,1093,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">A. melanopyga</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF009597FFA7317BFC1F5FF2FB07FB2D" author="Koch L" box="[1109,1238,1184,1206]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref61339" refString="Koch L. 1871. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Nurnberg 1: 1-104." type="journal article" year="1871">Koch, 1871</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFCAC5FF2FABEFB2D" bold="true" box="[1254,1391,1184,1205]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFCAC5FF2FABEFB2D" box="[1254,1391,1184,1205]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFB715FEDFBB8FB4B" authority="(Berland, 1924)" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[827,1129,1214,1236]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joannae" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715FEDFC62FB4C" box="[827,947,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">A. joannae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF009597FFA7317BFB8B5FECFBB0FB4B" author="Berland L" box="[961,1121,1214,1236]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" pagination="159 - 255" refId="ref59205" refString="Berland L. 1924. Araignees de la Nouvelle Caledonie et des iles Loyalty. In: Sarasin F, Roux J, eds. Nova Caledonia: Wiesbaden, C. W. Kreidel, 159-255." type="book chapter" year="1924">Berland, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC3A5FECFB24FB4B" bold="true" box="[1136,1269,1214,1235]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFC3A5FECFB24FB4B" box="[1136,1269,1214,1235]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715FAFFB20FA15" blockId="69.[827,1443,1277,1422]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715FAFFBB6FA8A" box="[827,1127,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
Natural history:
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFC595FAFFBB6FA8A" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[1043,1127,1277,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Artifex</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC385FAFFB3FFA8A" bold="true" box="[1138,1262,1277,1298]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFC385FAFFB3FFA8A" box="[1138,1262,1277,1298]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is confined to tropical regions of
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFC455E4EFBAAFAAA" box="[1039,1147,1308,1330]" name="Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFCFE5E4EFAB4FAAA" box="[1204,1381,1308,1330]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Like
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFB715E68FC7AFAD7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[827,939,1338,1359]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715E68FC7AFAD7" box="[827,939,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Deliochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is characterized by female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Pedipalps with missing bulbs and plugged copulatory ducts are common.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715EE4FC2AF9DF" blockId="69.[827,1442,1462,1607]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715EE4FC0AFA53" box="[827,987,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phylogenetics:</emphasis>
The monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFC895EE4FAC1FA53" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[1219,1296,1462,1483]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC895EE4FAC1FA53" box="[1219,1296,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Artifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFD525EE4FA59FA53" bold="true" box="[1304,1416,1462,1483]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFD525EE4FA59FA53" box="[1304,1416,1462,1483]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is supported by the putative synapomorphies of a wide posterior abdomen extending past spinnerets, wide spermathecae separation, and ring-like zygielline dorsal markings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715D22FA9DF93B" blockId="69.[827,1443,1648,1700]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715D22FC1DF91D" box="[827,972,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known from
<collectingRegion id="49552684FFA7317BFC235D22FB20F91E" box="[1129,1265,1648,1670]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Queensland</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49552684FFA7317BFD6C5D22FC51F93C" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFBC35DDCFC26F93C" box="[905,1015,1678,1700]" name="Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFC7E5DDDFB30F93C" box="[1076,1249,1678,1700]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFCBA5DDCFAEDF93B" box="[1264,1340,1678,1700]" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="74.[145,223,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[305,1257,195,846]" captionTargetId="figure-467@74.[305,1265,195,846]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 42. Distribution of Artifex melanopyga comb. nov. and A. joannae comb. nov. Circles correspond to A. melanopyga; diamonds correspond to A. joannae." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715D98FBAAF8C3" blockId="69.[827,1443,1738,1883]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715D98FC68F947" box="[827,953,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Etymology:</emphasis>
The genus name is derived from the Latin word
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFBCA5DB8FC74F967" box="[896,933,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">ars</emphasis>
(craft or art) and the suffix -
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFD585DBBFAE2F966" box="[1298,1331,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">fex</emphasis>
(maker), meaning a skilled crafter. The name refers to the use of a leaf as a retreat by the members of this genus. The genus is feminine in gender.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>