233 lines
29 KiB
XML
233 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="E29FCEDECFE055205A7DF6BE5440E25C" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="25576C4-95FF-4B35-817E-1B9678458A2B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738785695313" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallal, Robert J. & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2018" docId="03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" docLanguage="en" docName="zly014.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Artifex Kallal & Hormiga, 2018, GEN. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1124" masterDocId="FF012108FFE2313EF84A5B52FFD1FF98" masterDocTitle="Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution" masterLastPageNumber="1141" masterPageNumber="1055" pageNumber="1124" updateTime="1738786974344" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
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<mods:title id="BC084D8F2AA98ADC4F265B9E7D23831D">Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40E433E99E6C93EACCBD2BA8817ECF42">Kallal, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="331532FCD1F7BAFCBA4E973AE57C0F36">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3BCE2CE3CCAC4497A6B5A53D6DE1E956">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="529F46767D2A1CA43C21399B9AD63A4F">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03385970FFA7317BF92E5B96FBAAF8C3" lastPageNumber="1124" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<subSubSection id="C38BBBEDFFA7317BF92E5B96FD98FF44" box="[356,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF92E5B96FD98FF44" blockId="69.[356,585,196,220]" box="[356,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<heading id="D0665F0AFFA7317BF92E5B96FD98FF44" box="[356,585,196,220]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF92E5B96FE1AFF43" ID-CoL="62CJQ" authorityName="Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[356,459,196,220]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<smallCapsWord id="8DC87EBAFFA7317BF92E5B96FE1AFF43" baselines="214,214" box="[356,459,196,220]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Artifex" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">ARTIFEX</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9985B95FD98FF44" bold="true" box="[466,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BF9985B95FD98FF44" box="[466,585,196,220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">
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.
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<smallCapsWord id="8DC87EBAFFA7317BFA5B5B95FD93FF42" baselines="213" box="[529,578,199,218]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">NOV</smallCapsWord>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C38BBBEDFFA7317BF8E95BBFFBAAF8C3" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95BBFFD74FE99" blockId="69.[163,677,236,258]" box="[163,677,236,258]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95BBFFEE2FE9A" box="[163,307,237,258]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<typeStatus id="542A56C4FFA7317BF8E95BBFFF09FE9A" box="[163,216,237,258]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF9745BBFFD70FE99" authority="Koch, 1871" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1871" box="[318,673,236,258]" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species" species="melanopyga">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9745BBFFDCBFE99" box="[318,538,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Epeira melanopyga</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF009597FFA7317BFA6B5BBEFD70FE99" author="Koch L" box="[545,673,236,258]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref61339" refString="Koch L. 1871. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Nurnberg 1: 1-104." type="journal article" year="1871">Koch, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95A66FDE7FBDF" blockId="69.[163,780,307,1095]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95A66FE51FED0" box="[163,384,307,329]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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Diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF9645A61FE51FED0" authorityName="Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[302,384,307,328]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Artifex</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9C05A61FDD3FED0" bold="true" box="[394,514,307,328]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BF9C05A61FDD3FED0" box="[394,514,307,328]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from other zygielline araneids based on the following combination of characters: a brown ring and crescent shapes on the dorsum of the abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFA135ADDFD67FE3C" box="[601,694,399,421]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="72.[148,227,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-90@72.[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 40. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., female. Habitus: A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): A–D: 0.5; E–G: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 40A</figureCitation>
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), wider posterior abdment (
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF9345AFCFE30FE5B" box="[382,481,430,452]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="72.[148,227,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-90@72.[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 40. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., female. Habitus: A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): A–D: 0.5; E–G: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Figs 40A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF9A15AFCFDC9FE5B" box="[491,536,430,451]" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="77.[163,241,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-101@77.[227,1379,195,1657]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figure 44. Artifex joannae comb. nov., female. Habitus:A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): A–D: 0.5; E–G: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">44A</figureCitation>
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) usually surrounding apodemes, on a pale guanocyte field in both sexes and a rugose area on the posterior margin of the ALS.
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF8E95958FE94FD87" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,325,522,543]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95958FE94FD87" box="[163,325,522,543]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phonognatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has ovate or circular markings and
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF8E9597AFEC3FDA5" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,274,552,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E9597AFEC3FDA5" box="[163,274,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Deliochus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has stripes, and both genera have abdomens that are globose or with parallel sides. Males have a somewhat elongated conductor with a process pointing apically near centre of palp, a translucent membrane wrapping the conductor mesally (
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFA5759F1FD61FD20" box="[541,688,675,697]" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="73.[163,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-28@73.[227,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 41. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., male. A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Pedipalp: E, ectal, illustrated; F, dorsal; G, mesal; H, ventral; I, ectal. Scale bars (mm): A–D: 0.5; E–I: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 41B, E–I</figureCitation>
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) absent in other zygiellines, embolus with sclerotized shaft and sperm duct separated by
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9B059B3FD43FD6D" box="[506,658,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars pendula</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFAE859B2FCD3FD6D" box="[674,770,736,758]" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="73.[163,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-28@73.[227,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 41. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., male. A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Pedipalp: E, ectal, illustrated; F, dorsal; G, mesal; H, ventral; I, ectal. Scale bars (mm): A–D: 0.5; E–I: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
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) not present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF90159ADFE32FC8C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[331,483,767,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF90159ADFE32FC8C" box="[331,483,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phonognatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, convering about midway, with minute hooks on both, and the absence of median apophysis (
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF96F586EFE54FCC9" box="[293,389,828,850]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[146,227,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,204,798]" captionTargetId="figure-582@22.[153,1420,197,800]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Schematic illustration of palps of species of Australasian zygielline genera. A, Phonognatha graeffei. B, Deliochus humilis comb. nov. C. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
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). Females can be identified based on the epigynum with two wide ventral copulatory openings without a scape separated by a sclerotized carina or septum and broad, somewhat sclerotized copulatory duct. Females can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF8E95887FE93FC72" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,322,981,1002]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95887FE93FC72" box="[163,322,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phonognatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BF9CA5887FE25FC72" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[384,500,981,1002]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF9CA5887FE25FC72" box="[384,500,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Deliochus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the wider posterior abdomen and broad copulatory openings (
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFAD058A6FCD4FB91" box="[666,773,1012,1034]" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="70.[145,225,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[150,1417,559,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-161@70.[150,1417,559,1819]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 39. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov. Female: A, ALS; B, PMS; C, PLS; D, epigynum, ventral. Male pedipalp: E, apical; F, ectal; G, ventral; H, mesal; I, dorsal. Scale bars (μm): A, C: 20; B: 20; D–I: 100." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Figs 39D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF8E95F41FF03FBB0" box="[163,210,1043,1064]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="76.[145,221,1109,1131]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,195,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-300@76.[151,1418,195,1069]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 43. Artifex joannae comb. nov. Female:A,ALS; B, PLS; C, PMS; D, epigynum, ventral.Scale bars (μm):A–C:10; D: 100." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">43D</figureCitation>
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). Males have a membranous layer of the conductor (
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<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BF8E15F63FED8FBDF" box="[171,265,1073,1095]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="72.[148,227,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-90@72.[207,1359,195,1672]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 40. Artifex melanopyga comb. nov., female. Habitus: A, dorsal; B, frontal; C, lateral; D, ventral. Epigynum: E, ventral; F, dorsal, illustrated; G, ventral, illustrated. Scale bars (mm): A–D: 0.5; E–G: 0.1." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 40E</figureCitation>
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) absent in related genera.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95F37FEFEFBE4" blockId="69.[163,779,1125,1883]" box="[163,303,1125,1148]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95F37FEFEFBE4" box="[163,303,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BF8E95FD6FA75FE80" blockId="69.[163,779,1125,1883]" lastBlockId="69.[827,1444,197,280]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF8E95FD6FF2DFB01" box="[163,252,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Female:</emphasis>
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Total length 9.45–14.11. Carapace 4.87–6.01 long, 3.12–4.30 wide, 1.41–2.16 high, yellowish brown to reddish brown in colour, with
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA605F90FD04FB4F" box="[554,725,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
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and carapace margins darker than
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA455FB3FD67FB6D" box="[527,694,1248,1270]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars thoracica</emphasis>
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. AMEs on small prominence; lateral eyes juxtaposed, paired on a small prominences; AME diameter 0.25–0.44; AME interdistance slightly wider than AME diameter; AME– PME distance
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BF90E5E0EFE84FAE9" box="[324,341,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
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AME diameter. Clypeus
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA2F5E0EFDA7FAE9" box="[613,630,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
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1/2–3/4 AME diameter. Paturon coloured as
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<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFA435E28FD60FA17" box="[521,689,1402,1423]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
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, with 3 prolateral and 3 retrolateral teeth. Leg formula 1243, coloured as cephalothorax, or slightly lighter; femur I sigmoid. Abdomen 5.94–9.62 long, 4.18–7.15 wide, 3.03–7.02 high; light brown with pale guanocytes; 1–5 dark brown markings, often with dark brown posterior; ventral side two longitudinal stripes from epigastric furrow to spinning field. Spinning field typical of araneoids, with the following exceptions common to zygielline (and some nephiline) araneids: a rugose area on posterior rim of ALS making a notch in the piriform spigot field and one flagelliform spigot of triad closer to a cylindrical gland spigot than aggregate gland spigots. Epigynum with large, ventral-facing copulatory openings separated by a sclerotized septum; copulatory duct broad and somewhat sclerotized, curling ventrally to reach spermathecae; fertilization ducts emerging dorsal and posterior from spermathecae. Copulatory duct frequently plugged with minutely serrated emboli.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715A16FBDAFBC0" blockId="69.[827,1443,324,1112]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715A16FCACFEC1" box="[827,893,324,345]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Male:</emphasis>
|
||
Total length 4.46–6.91. Carapace 2.28–3.90 long, 1.45–2.39 wide, 0.77–1.12 high, yellowish brown to reddish brown in colour, with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC885AD0FABCFE0E" box="[1218,1389,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
|
||
and lateral edges of carapace darker than
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFCBC5AF2FA4DFE2D" box="[1270,1436,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars thoracica</emphasis>
|
||
. AMEs on small prominence; eye arrangement as in female; AME diameter 0.16–0.26; AME interdistance slightly wider than AME diameter; AME–PME distance
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFBF85949FC14FDA8" box="[946,965,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
|
||
AME diameter. Clypeus
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFD5E5949FAF7FDA8" box="[1300,1318,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">c.</emphasis>
|
||
1/2 AME diameter. Chelicerae coloured as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFCF05968FAB1FDD6" box="[1210,1376,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars cephalica</emphasis>
|
||
, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs formula 1243, coloured as cephalothorax, or slightly lighter; femur I sigmoid. Abdomen 2.72–3.50 long, 1.68–2.40 wide, 1.71–2.41 high; 1–5 dark brown markings, often with dark brown posterior; ventral side two longitudinal stripes from epigastric furrow to spinning field. Spinning field similar to female. Pedipalp tibia approximately half the length of cymbium; cymbium slightly elongated, with broad, integral paracymbium; tegulum and subtegulum rotated dorsally; membrane connecting embolic division with tegulum near embolic base; embolus with sclerotized shaft and sperm duct separated by
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB92589AFBA0FC45" box="[984,1137,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">pars pendula</emphasis>
|
||
, then converging at about midway, with small barbs near point of convergence; conductor coiled with an embolic groove, covered ectally with translucent membrane covering mid-conductor process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715FD3FB24FB4B" blockId="69.[827,1442,1153,1236]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715FD3FBEBFB0E" box="[827,1082,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
Composition:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFBA05FD3FBEBFB0E" authorityName="Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[1002,1082,1153,1174]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Artifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC0E5FD3FB68FB0E" bold="true" box="[1092,1209,1153,1174]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFC0E5FD3FB68FB0E" box="[1092,1209,1153,1174]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is composed of two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFBD05FF2FB0FFB2D" authority="(Koch, 1871)" authorityName="Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[922,1246,1184,1206]" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species" species="melanopyga" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFBD05FF2FB94FB2D" box="[922,1093,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">A. melanopyga</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF009597FFA7317BFC1F5FF2FB07FB2D" author="Koch L" box="[1109,1238,1184,1206]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref61339" refString="Koch L. 1871. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Nurnberg 1: 1-104." type="journal article" year="1871">Koch, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFCAC5FF2FABEFB2D" bold="true" box="[1254,1391,1184,1205]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFCAC5FF2FABEFB2D" box="[1254,1391,1184,1205]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFB715FEDFBB8FB4B" authority="(Berland, 1924)" authorityName="Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[827,1129,1214,1236]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joannae" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715FEDFC62FB4C" box="[827,947,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">A. joannae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF009597FFA7317BFB8B5FECFBB0FB4B" author="Berland L" box="[961,1121,1214,1236]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" pagination="159 - 255" refId="ref59205" refString="Berland L. 1924. Araignees de la Nouvelle Caledonie et des iles Loyalty. In: Sarasin F, Roux J, eds. Nova Caledonia: Wiesbaden, C. W. Kreidel, 159-255." type="book chapter" year="1924">Berland, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC3A5FECFB24FB4B" bold="true" box="[1136,1269,1214,1235]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFC3A5FECFB24FB4B" box="[1136,1269,1214,1235]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715FAFFB20FA15" blockId="69.[827,1443,1277,1422]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715FAFFBB6FA8A" box="[827,1127,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
Natural history:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFC595FAFFBB6FA8A" authorityName="Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[1043,1127,1277,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Artifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC385FAFFB3FFA8A" bold="true" box="[1138,1262,1277,1298]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFC385FAFFB3FFA8A" box="[1138,1262,1277,1298]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is confined to tropical regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFC455E4EFBAAFAAA" box="[1039,1147,1308,1330]" name="Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFCFE5E4EFAB4FAAA" box="[1204,1381,1308,1330]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFB715E68FC7AFAD7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[827,939,1338,1359]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715E68FC7AFAD7" box="[827,939,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Deliochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is characterized by female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Pedipalps with missing bulbs and plugged copulatory ducts are common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715EE4FC2AF9DF" blockId="69.[827,1442,1462,1607]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715EE4FC0AFA53" box="[827,987,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Phylogenetics:</emphasis>
|
||
The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9193E5FFA7317BFC895EE4FAC1FA53" authorityName="Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2018" box="[1219,1296,1462,1483]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFC895EE4FAC1FA53" box="[1219,1296,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFD525EE4FA59FA53" bold="true" box="[1304,1416,1462,1483]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2D6890FFFA7317BFD525EE4FA59FA53" box="[1304,1416,1462,1483]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is supported by the putative synapomorphies of a wide posterior abdomen extending past spinnerets, wide spermathecae separation, and ring-like zygielline dorsal markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715D22FA9DF93B" blockId="69.[827,1443,1648,1700]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715D22FC1DF91D" box="[827,972,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49552684FFA7317BFC235D22FB20F91E" box="[1129,1265,1648,1670]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49552684FFA7317BFD6C5D22FC51F93C" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFBC35DDCFC26F93C" box="[905,1015,1678,1700]" name="Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F386A8F6FFA7317BFC7E5DDDFB30F93C" box="[1076,1249,1678,1700]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13AAF4E3FFA7317BFCBA5DDCFAEDF93B" box="[1264,1340,1678,1700]" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="74.[145,223,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[305,1257,195,846]" captionTargetId="figure-467@74.[305,1265,195,846]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 42. Distribution of Artifex melanopyga comb. nov. and A. joannae comb. nov. Circles correspond to A. melanopyga; diamonds correspond to A. joannae." pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B2EE866FFA7317BFB715D98FBAAF8C3" blockId="69.[827,1443,1738,1883]" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFB715D98FC68F947" box="[827,953,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The genus name is derived from the Latin word
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFBCA5DB8FC74F967" box="[896,933,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">ars</emphasis>
|
||
(craft or art) and the suffix -
|
||
<emphasis id="B9E53474FFA7317BFD585DBBFAE2F966" box="[1298,1331,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="1124">fex</emphasis>
|
||
(maker), meaning a skilled crafter. The name refers to the use of a leaf as a retreat by the members of this genus. The genus is feminine in gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |