281 lines
30 KiB
XML
281 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="173C834E348AA29FE59BD09F76AC479A" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-68.4.663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5369368" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630263369791" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ratcliffe, Brett C." docDate="2014" docId="4A5987B5315E1E36FAA0CB8DE51A842C" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-68.4.663.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-68.4.663" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A0A70CFE30726088A421CCB226FF86C7.4:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="A0A70CFE30726088A421CCB226FF86C7" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Adelaeus anachoretus Ratcliffe 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="680" masterDocId="B660FFCD31541E3AF861C828E47C820E" masterDocTitle="A New Genus and Species of Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, other New Species of Cyclocephalini, Pentodontini, and Phileurini from South America, and a Revised Key to the Genera of New World Pentodontini" masterLastPageNumber="680" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="663" updateTime="1699203105727" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1AD2E85517C2DB516E937162E9C9C77E">
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<mods:title id="27601989952A93DC962ABBFDEBF2853E">A New Genus and Species of Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, other New Species of Cyclocephalini, Pentodontini, and Phileurini from South America, and a Revised Key to the Genera of New World Pentodontini</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3ADB2E9988BECED8F0D0E50BDB207312" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D5F69A0980874289270611DE493BB966">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D9C1B89AAA3EB1AB7CA15BBEC85B2C4F">Ratcliffe, Brett C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5CAB0A236C0BEE1DEF848A0A52F2D973">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="93CD02AA7B9B249E3F511390CE2F65AA">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FCC43B9BA7C37D98C291F6F96BE2D88F">
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<mods:date id="0AC6998CB5B9A76FF03F2F256144C0B2">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="42116C8CCA3B18DE19227577B5DBCFE2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="6E1733ACC9085530060FE256FEA9A53D">2014-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="983729E3FA5A3E59AE809D66B402E270" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ADB1C60A29B8362DEE47DC88111C95B5">68</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F6BFA4947EEC1E081AA5DC445B51CC90">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AEF3C4DAE9621FD1CDBE3DB719369FD8">663</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="73A736987A5C4D629C826EACCE507A82">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-68.4.663</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="37B0EDE6F7B3BF13349FC3F36E9DA2CB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F0963353B06D58357D0B93EF3F4245B9" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-68.4.663</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="233F6F95AA23709CEBE9606E2DCBEBC9" type="Zenodo-Dep">5369368</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4A5987B5315E1E36FAA0CB8DE51A842C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A5987B5315E1E36FAA0CB8DE51A842C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A5987B5315E1E36FAA0CB8DE51A842C" lastPageId="12" pageId="10">
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<subSubSection id="8AEA6528315E1E30FAA0CB8DE79E81DB" pageId="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C24F36A3315E1E30FAA0CB8DE79E81DB" blockId="10.[705,1152,933,981]" pageId="10">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30FAA0CB8DE0FC81B4" bold="true" box="[705,1152,933,954]" pageId="10">
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<taxonomicName id="05F04D20315E1E30FAA0CB8DE78181B4" authority="Ratcliffe" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2014" box="[705,1021,933,954]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Adelaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30FAA0CB8DE7E081B4" bold="true" box="[705,924,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="10">Adelaeus anachoretus</emphasis>
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Ratcliffe
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EBB757CA315E1E30FC6BCB8DE0FC81B4" box="[1034,1152,933,954]" pageId="10" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="5ACB2A26315E1E30FB07CBE8E7A081DB" box="[870,988,959,981]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="10.[175,215,1710,1729]" captionStartId-1="11.[197,229,895,914]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1164,1097,1687]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1193,192,872]" captionTargetId-0="figure-456@10.[151,1172,1087,1698]" captionTargetId-1="figure-384@11.[172,1193,192,872]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="Figs. 17–19. Adelaeus anachoretus, holotype. 17) Habitus; 18) Parameres, caudal view; 19) Parameres, lateral view." captionText-1="Fig. 20. El Junco area on Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos Islands, possible habitat for Adelaeus anachoretus. Photograph courtesy of K. Thalia Grant (Isla Santa Cruz, Galapágos Islands)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369388" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369390" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5369388/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5369390/files/figure.png" pageId="10">Figs. 17–20</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8AEA6528315E1E31FAA4CBC2E03C86ED" lastPageId="11" pageId="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C24F36A3315E1E30FAA4CBC2E0E881F1" blockId="10.[685,1172,1002,1050]" box="[709,1172,1002,1023]" pageId="10">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30FAA4CBC2E72181F1" bold="true" box="[709,861,1002,1023]" pageId="10">Type Material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="1D4B8801315E1E30FB0BCBC2E7B081F1" box="[874,972,1002,1023]" pageId="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male with labels:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C24F36A3315E1E30FACCCC2CE0E88614" blockId="10.[685,1172,1002,1050]" box="[685,1172,1028,1050]" pageId="10">“Rt. wing. [with tiny wing mounted on label]//</paragraph>
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<caption id="968F662B315E1E30F8CECE86E0E984CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5369388" box="[175,1173,1710,1729]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369388/files/figure.png" pageId="10" startId="10.[175,215,1710,1729]" targetBox="[163,1164,1097,1687]" targetPageId="10">
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||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315E1E30F8CECE86E0E984CF" blockId="10.[175,1173,1710,1729]" box="[175,1173,1710,1729]" pageId="10">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30F8CECE86E56384CF" bold="true" box="[175,287,1710,1729]" pageId="10">Figs. 17–19.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="05F04D20315E1E30F954CE86E59684CE" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2014" box="[309,490,1710,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Adelaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30F954CE86E59684CE" box="[309,490,1710,1728]" italics="true" pageId="10">Adelaeus anachoretus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype.
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30FA28CE86E61B84CF" bold="true" box="[585,615,1710,1729]" pageId="10">17)</emphasis>
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Habitus;
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30FAD9CE86E6AA84CF" bold="true" box="[696,726,1710,1729]" pageId="10">18)</emphasis>
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Parameres, caudal view;
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315E1E30FBCACE86E7B584CF" bold="true" box="[939,969,1710,1729]" pageId="10">19)</emphasis>
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Parameres, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="968F662B315F1E31F8A4CB57E71981A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5369390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369390/files/figure.png" pageId="11" startId="11.[197,229,895,914]" targetBox="[173,1193,192,872]" targetPageId="11">
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||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31F8A4CB57E0D5819C" blockId="11.[173,1193,895,938]" box="[197,1193,895,914]" pageId="11">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31F8A4CB57E571819C" bold="true" box="[197,269,895,914]" pageId="11">Fig. 20.</emphasis>
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El Junco area on Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos Islands, possible habitat for
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||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D20315F1E31FB82CB57E0D8819F" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2014" box="[995,1188,895,913]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Adelaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FB82CB57E0D8819F" box="[995,1188,895,913]" italics="true" pageId="11">Adelaeus anachoretus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31F8CCCBBFE71981A4" blockId="11.[173,1193,895,938]" box="[173,869,919,938]" pageId="11">Photograph courtesy of K. Thalia Grant (Isla Santa Cruz, Galapágos Islands).</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31F8CCCBF7E5138650" blockId="11.[173,660,991,1729]" pageId="11">
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||
<materialsCitation id="72983CFE315F1E31F8CCCBF7E5178650" collectingDate="1906-07" collectionCode="R, DC" collectorName="Chatham I. & Galapagos. & Coll. & F. X. Williams & Water." country="United States of America" location="National Museum" municipality="Type" pageId="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectorName id="6F055375315F1E31F8CCCBF7E56581FA" box="[173,281,991,1012]" pageId="11">Chatham I.</collectorName>
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/
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<collectorName id="6F055375315F1E31F941CBF7E5F081FA" box="[288,396,991,1012]" pageId="11">Galapagos.</collectorName>
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||
/
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||
<date id="B64E1063315F1E31F9FCCBF7E58A81FA" box="[413,502,991,1012]" pageId="11" value="1906-07">
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||
<collectingDate id="A60AE98B315F1E31F9FCCBF7E58A81FA" box="[413,502,991,1012]" pageId="11" value="1906-07">VII-1906</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
//
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||
<collectorName id="6F055375315F1E31FA64CBF7E64E81FA" box="[517,562,991,1012]" pageId="11">Coll.</collectorName>
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||
by
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<collectorName id="6F055375315F1E31FA3ECBF7E5728601" pageId="11">F. X. Williams</collectorName>
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||
//
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||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D20315F1E31F97CCBD2E5F58601" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1908" box="[285,393,1018,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Neoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoryctes</taxonomicName>
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||
/ galapagoensis/ (G.
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||
<collectionCode id="A4E1AE66315F1E31FA1DCBD2E6EC8601" box="[636,656,1018,1039]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
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||
<collectorName id="6F055375315F1E31F8CCCC3CE48F8627" box="[173,243,1044,1065]" pageId="11">Water.</collectorName>
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||
)” and with my red
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||
<typeStatus id="1D4B8801315F1E31F98ACC3CE6348627" box="[491,584,1044,1065]" pageId="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
label.
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<collectingMunicipality id="222BACD9315F1E31F8CCCC07E4A2864A" box="[173,222,1071,1092]" pageId="11">Type</collectingMunicipality>
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deposited at the
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<collectingCountry id="BAE77633315F1E31F9C3CC07E5B2864A" box="[418,462,1071,1092]" name="United States of America" pageId="11">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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||
<location id="C72F6078315F1E31F9BACC07E6EE864A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A5987B5315E1E36FAA0CB8DE51A842C:C72F6078315F1E31F9BACC07E6EE864A" box="[475,658,1071,1092]" country="United States of America" municipality="Type" name="National Museum" pageId="11" stateProvince="Washington">National Museum</location>
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||
(
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<collectingRegion id="0034F841315F1E31F8D2CC61E5518650" box="[179,301,1097,1118]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="11">Washington</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectionCode id="A4E1AE66315F1E31F95FCC61E5188650" box="[318,356,1097,1118]" pageId="11">DC</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31F8A4CC4CE03C86ED" blockId="11.[173,660,991,1729]" lastBlockId="11.[707,1194,991,1729]" pageId="11">
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31F8A4CC4CE5598677" bold="true" box="[197,293,1124,1145]" pageId="11">
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||
<typeStatus id="1D4B8801315F1E31F8A4CC4CE55D8677" box="[197,289,1124,1145]" pageId="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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Male. Length
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<quantity id="05089B46315F1E31F9D0CC4CE67A8677" box="[433,518,1124,1145]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.6 mm</quantity>
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; width
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<quantity id="05089B46315F1E31FA26CC4CE6EC8677" box="[583,656,1124,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
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. Color reddish brown.
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31F9C4CC57E59B869A" bold="true" box="[421,487,1151,1172]" pageId="11">Head:</emphasis>
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Frons coarsely rugopunctate except for narrow, nearly smooth area mesad of each eye. Frontoclypeal suture weakly impressed, extending to each lateral margin. Clypeus subtriangular, apex narrowly subtruncate, surface transversely rugose; base either side of middle and just in front of frontoclypeal suture with small low, transverse tubercle. Mandibles large, exposed, arcuate up to apex where small, subapical “tooth” with longitudinal ridge beneath. Interocular width equals 4.8 transverse eye diameters. Antenna 9-segmented, club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–6.
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31F947CD95E5E987DC" bold="true" box="[294,405,1469,1490]" pageId="11">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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||
Surface convex, lacking fovea or tubercles, punctures moderate in size and density, becoming slightly denser on apical third. Base with marginal bead except in front of scutellum where obsolete.
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31F98CCE00E6468433" bold="true" box="[493,570,1576,1597]" pageId="11">Elytra:</emphasis>
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||
Surface with moderately large, moderately dense, shallow, glabrous punctures, some in indistinct rows. Apices bluntly rounded, appearing foreshortened, elytra together wider than long. Hind wings short, nearly vestigial, 4.0 mm in length.
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FA47CE84E6EF84CF" bold="true" box="[550,659,1708,1729]" pageId="11">Pygidium:</emphasis>
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Surface rugulose in basal fifth and angles. Disc shiny, with a few small, glabrous punctures, becoming impunctate on apical third. In lateral view, surface weakly convex (nearly flat).
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FC40CC07E02B864A" bold="true" box="[1057,1111,1071,1092]" pageId="11">Legs:</emphasis>
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Protibia tridentate. Metatibia at apex slightly expanded, subtruncate, with 15 short spinules.
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FC4FCC4CE0098677" bold="true" box="[1070,1141,1124,1145]" pageId="11">Venter:</emphasis>
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Prosternal process long, subrectangular, thick, slightly recurving, apex truncate.
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FBB2CCB1E03086A0" bold="true" box="[979,1100,1177,1198]" pageId="11">Parameres:</emphasis>
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||
Broadly rounded in basal half, distal half long, slender, and with pointed apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5ACB2A26315F1E31FBDFCCE6E04986ED" box="[958,1077,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[175,215,1710,1729]" captionTargetBox="[163,1164,1097,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-456@10.[151,1172,1087,1698]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs. 17–19. Adelaeus anachoretus, holotype. 17) Habitus; 18) Parameres, caudal view; 19) Parameres, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369388/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Figs. 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8AEA6528315F1E31FABACCC1E7828766" pageId="11" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31FABACCC1E7828766" blockId="11.[707,1194,991,1729]" pageId="11">
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||
<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FABACCC1E73186F0" bold="true" box="[731,845,1257,1278]" pageId="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is derived from the Greek
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<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FB44CD2BE7EE8716" box="[805,914,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="11">anachoretes</emphasis>
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, meaning a hermit or recluse. It is used here as a masculine noun in apposition to re-emphasize, along with the generic name, the reclusiveness of this rare species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AEA6528315F1E31FABACD46E05F8432" pageId="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31FABACD46E03787E3" blockId="11.[707,1194,991,1729]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FABACD46E721878D" bold="true" box="[731,861,1390,1411]" pageId="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D20315F1E31FB0ACD46E038878D" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2014" box="[875,1092,1390,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Adelaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FB0ACD46E038878D" box="[875,1092,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="11">Adelaeus anachoretus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAE77633315F1E31FB4FCDA0E7848793" box="[814,1016,1416,1437]" name="San Cristobal Island" pageId="11">San Cristóbal Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0034F841315F1E31FC22CDA0E0D58793" box="[1091,1193,1416,1437]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="11">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
Archipelago,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAE77633315F1E31FB26CD8BE7E487B6" box="[839,920,1443,1464]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAE77633315F1E31FBC2CD8BE05B87B6" box="[931,1063,1443,1464]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="11">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
|
||
was the first island in the archipelago visited by Charles Darwin in 1835 while on the
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FBF7CDF0E7A487E3" box="[918,984,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="11">Beagle</emphasis>
|
||
expedition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31FABACDDAE075842C" blockId="11.[707,1194,991,1729]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FABACDDAE0628409" bold="true" box="[731,1054,1522,1543]" pageId="11">
|
||
Locality Record.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAE77633315F1E31FBE0CDDAE7898409" box="[897,1013,1522,1543]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0034F841315F1E31FC42CDDAE0D58409" box="[1059,1193,1522,1543]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="11">GALÁPAGOS</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1): San Cristóbal Island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5ACB2A26315F1E31FBD6CE25E782842C" box="[951,1022,1549,1570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[197,229,895,914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,192,872]" captionTargetId="figure-384@11.[172,1193,192,872]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 20. El Junco area on Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos Islands, possible habitat for Adelaeus anachoretus. Photograph courtesy of K. Thalia Grant (Isla Santa Cruz, Galapágos Islands)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369390/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E31FABACE0FE05F8432" blockId="11.[707,1194,991,1729]" box="[731,1059,1575,1596]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FABACE0FE7B98432" bold="true" box="[731,965,1575,1596]" pageId="11">Temporal Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
July (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AEA6528315F1E36FABACE6AE51A842C" lastPageId="12" pageId="11" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C24F36A3315F1E36FABACE6AE53E82FC" blockId="11.[707,1194,991,1729]" lastBlockId="12.[151,639,194,1570]" lastPageId="12" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB1315F1E31FABACE6AE7388459" bold="true" box="[731,836,1602,1623]" pageId="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The characters listed in the generic diagnosis, greatly reduced flight wings, the unique form of the parameres, and the occurrence in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0034F841315F1E31FB22CEBAE78884A9" box="[835,1012,1682,1703]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="11">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
will serve to distinguish this species. The only other New World dynastine with this form of parameres is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36FA4CC8EAE53E82FC" authority="Dupuis." authorityName="Dupuis." class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36FA4CC8EAE49782FC" italics="true" pageId="12">Tomarus rostratus</emphasis>
|
||
Dupuis.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C24F36A331581E36F8CEC8DFE640815B" blockId="12.[151,639,194,1570]" pageId="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F8CEC8DFE52E8302" bold="true" box="[175,338,247,268]" pageId="12">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="1D4B880131581E36F9E3C8DFE5A88302" box="[386,468,247,268]" pageId="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36F993C8DFE6028302" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2014" box="[498,638,247,268]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Adelaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F993C8DFE6028302" box="[498,638,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="12">A. anachoretus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks detailed collecting information. It may have been collected during the 1905–1906 California Academy of Sciences expedition to the Galápagos Islands and then possibly exchanged or gifted to the USNM. The
|
||
<date id="B64E106331581E36F923C954E5D8839F" box="[322,420,380,401]" pageId="12" value="1906-07">July 1906</date>
|
||
material collected by F. X. Williams is mentioned in Van Dyke’ s (1953) overview of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36F92AC999E5C083C8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[331,444,433,454]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Galápagos Islands, but
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAE7763331581E36F97FC9E4E58483EF" box="[286,504,460,481]" name="San Cristobal Island" pageId="12">San Cristóbal Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
is not mentioned as among the localities for the 18 dynastine specimens collected by Williams. Since no other specimens have been found in the intervening 108 years, it could be surmised that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36F990CA1EE6028045" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2014" box="[497,638,566,587]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Adelaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F990CA1EE6028045" box="[497,638,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="12">A. anachoretus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an extremely rare endemic that has not been observed in previous collecting efforts due to a secretive life style, or that it is now extinct due possibly to the introduction of predatory invasive vertebrates.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6614B5231581E36F96CCA93E5B580DE" author="Cook" box="[269,457,699,720]" pageId="12" pagination="177 - 193" refId="ref10850" refString="Cook, J., H. F. Howden, and S. B. Peck. 1995. The Galapagos Islands' genus Neoryctes Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). The Canadian Entomologist 127: 177 - 193." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Cook
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F92DCA93E50680DE" box="[332,378,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that the then-known four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36F959CAFEE5A080E4" box="[312,476,725,747]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Neoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F959CAFEE5EF80E5" box="[312,403,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="12">Neoryctes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Galápagos Islands were all rare, due possibly to the inaccessibility of the high elevation habitat, short period of adult nocturnal activity that coincided with rain, or predation by introduced rats, pigs, and ants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C24F36A331581E36F8CECB72E51A842C" blockId="12.[151,639,194,1570]" pageId="12">
|
||
The volcanic islands of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0034F84131581E36F9C9CB72E6748161" box="[424,520,858,879]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="12">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
Archipelago are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="05089B4631581E36F928CB5DE5AE8184" box="[329,466,884,906]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="12" unit="km" value="900.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1,000 km</quantity>
|
||
west of mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAE7763331581E36F8F6CBA7E49581AA" box="[151,233,911,932]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. All of the islands are volcanic in origin and semiarid with the lowlands having a short wet season, while the highlands catch fog and rain clouds and are moister (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6614B5231581E36F9F9CBF7E63E81FA" author="Van Dyke" box="[408,578,991,1012]" pageId="12" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref11854" refString="Van Dyke, E. C. 1953. The Coleoptera of the Galapagos Islands. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 22: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1953">Van Dyke 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6614B5231581E36FA38CBF7E56C8601" author="Tye" pageId="12" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref11784" refString="Tye, A, H. L. Snell, S. B. Peck, and H. Andersen. 2002. Outstanding terrestrial features of the Galapagos archipelago [pp. 12 - 23]. In: A Biodiversity Vision for the Galapagos Islands (R. Bensted-Smith, editor). Charles Darwin Foundation and World Wildlife Fund, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Tye
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F8F6CBD2E4B88601" box="[151,196,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that isolation of the islands has led to a high degree of endemism for vertebrates, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6614B5231581E36F96BCC07E5FC864A" author="Peck" box="[266,384,1071,1092]" pageId="12" refId="ref11333" refString="Peck, S. B. 2005. The Beetles of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Evolution, Ecology, and Diversity (Insecta: Coleoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada." type="book" year="2005">Peck (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that limitations for establishment of colonizing beetles is more related to the strongly seasonal, semiarid climate of the large, lowland areas of the islands and the prevalence of large areas of young and unweathered lava substrates that are not conducive to beetles.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6614B5231581E36F8F6CCE6E56486ED" author="Peck" box="[151,280,1230,1251]" pageId="12" refId="ref11333" refString="Peck, S. B. 2005. The Beetles of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Evolution, Ecology, and Diversity (Insecta: Coleoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada." type="book" year="2005">Peck (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the beetle fauna of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0034F84131581E36F8F6CCC1E53886F0" box="[151,324,1257,1278]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="12">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
at 56 families, 297 genera, and 486 species with 266 endemic species, 110 indigenous species, and 110 introduced species. Previously,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36F888CD11E5388740" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1908" box="[233,324,1337,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Neoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F888CD11E5388740" box="[233,324,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="12">Neoryctes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the only endemic genus of scarabs in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0034F84131581E36F943CD7BE5B28766" box="[290,462,1363,1384]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="12">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6614B5231581E36F9BBCD7BE6308766" author="Peck" box="[474,588,1363,1384]" pageId="12" refId="ref11333" refString="Peck, S. B. 2005. The Beetles of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Evolution, Ecology, and Diversity (Insecta: Coleoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada." type="book" year="2005">Peck (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that generic endemism and species diversification is strongly correlated with secondary loss of flight wings after colonization, and that most colonization has not been followed by much speciation. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36F92ACDF0E59987E3" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2014" box="[331,485,1496,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Adelaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36F92ACDF0E59987E3" box="[331,485,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12">A. anachoretus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F04D2031581E36FA40CDF0E60287E3" box="[545,638,1496,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Neoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F084EAB131581E36FA40CDF0E60287E3" box="[545,638,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12">N. linelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabit
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAE7763331581E36F886CDDAE50C8409" box="[231,368,1522,1543]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="12">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5ACB2A2631581E36F9E5CDDAE5AE8409" box="[388,466,1522,1543]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[197,229,895,914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,192,872]" captionTargetId="figure-384@11.[172,1193,192,872]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 20. El Junco area on Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos Islands, possible habitat for Adelaeus anachoretus. Photograph courtesy of K. Thalia Grant (Isla Santa Cruz, Galapágos Islands)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369390/files/figure.png" pageId="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
), and both have reduced hind wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |